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Questions and Answers
What are the functions of nervous tissue as mentioned in the text?
What are the functions of nervous tissue as mentioned in the text?
- Receive and transmit stimuli, integrate and associate information (correct)
- Produce and release neurotransmitters, regulate body temperature
- Receive and process information, generate and store energy
- Transport nutrients, produce hormones
What are the specific properties of nervous tissue mentioned in the text?
What are the specific properties of nervous tissue mentioned in the text?
- Stability and resilience
- Permeability and elasticity
- Flexibility and adaptability
- Irritability and conductivity (correct)
What is the ectodermal origin of nervous tissue mentioned in the text?
What is the ectodermal origin of nervous tissue mentioned in the text?
- Ectoderm
- Neuroectoderm or neuroepithelium (correct)
- Endoderm
- Mesoderm
What is the main composition of nervous tissue as mentioned in the text?
What is the main composition of nervous tissue as mentioned in the text?
Which part of the chemical synapse contains neurotransmitters within vesicles?
Which part of the chemical synapse contains neurotransmitters within vesicles?
What is the space between the pre- and post- synaptic membranes called?
What is the space between the pre- and post- synaptic membranes called?
Which ion channels are opened at excitatory synapses?
Which ion channels are opened at excitatory synapses?
What triggers the fusion of the synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane?
What triggers the fusion of the synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic membrane?
Which part of the neuron transmits the nerve impulse and contains the synaptic button?
Which part of the neuron transmits the nerve impulse and contains the synaptic button?
What is the active site of the synapse, where the synaptic vesicles empty their contents by exocytosis?
What is the active site of the synapse, where the synaptic vesicles empty their contents by exocytosis?
What is the space between the pre- and post- synaptic membranes occupied by?
What is the space between the pre- and post- synaptic membranes occupied by?
Which part of the neuron contains receptors for neurotransmitters?
Which part of the neuron contains receptors for neurotransmitters?
What type of neurotransmitters are directly related to ion channels?
What type of neurotransmitters are directly related to ion channels?
What type of neurotransmitters activate a second messenger and are related to G proteins or receptor kinases?
What type of neurotransmitters activate a second messenger and are related to G proteins or receptor kinases?
What triggers the activation of the synapse?
What triggers the activation of the synapse?
What stops synaptic activity?
What stops synaptic activity?
What is the function of sensory neurons?
What is the function of sensory neurons?
What is the role of interneurons?
What is the role of interneurons?
What is the composition of a nerve fiber?
What is the composition of a nerve fiber?
What forms the cell sheath in the CNS?
What forms the cell sheath in the CNS?
What is the function of myelin?
What is the function of myelin?
Where are electrical synapses found?
Where are electrical synapses found?
What is the site where nerve impulses are transmitted between cells called?
What is the site where nerve impulses are transmitted between cells called?
What is the function of chemical synapses?
What is the function of chemical synapses?
What forms the myelin sheath in the PNS?
What forms the myelin sheath in the PNS?
What is the role of motoneurons?
What is the role of motoneurons?
What is the function of unmyelinated nerve fibers?
What is the function of unmyelinated nerve fibers?
What is the composition of myelinated nerve fibers?
What is the composition of myelinated nerve fibers?
Neurons outnumber neuroglial cells in the nervous tissue of vertebrates.
Neurons outnumber neuroglial cells in the nervous tissue of vertebrates.
The nervous tissue has an endodermal origin.
The nervous tissue has an endodermal origin.
The specific properties of nervous tissue are irritability and conductivity.
The specific properties of nervous tissue are irritability and conductivity.
Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath in the CNS, while Schwann cells form it in the PNS.
Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath in the CNS, while Schwann cells form it in the PNS.
Myelin is responsible for decreasing the speed of conduction in nerve fibers.
Myelin is responsible for decreasing the speed of conduction in nerve fibers.
Interneurons conduct impulses to muscles, glands, and other neurons.
Interneurons conduct impulses to muscles, glands, and other neurons.
Neurons are composed of the soma, dendrites, and axon.
Neurons are composed of the soma, dendrites, and axon.
The soma is responsible for producing structural proteins, membrane proteins, and enzymes.
The soma is responsible for producing structural proteins, membrane proteins, and enzymes.
Axonal transport can only be anterograde, and does not involve retrograde movement.
Axonal transport can only be anterograde, and does not involve retrograde movement.
Chemical synapses can only be interneuronal and never neuroeffector.
Chemical synapses can only be interneuronal and never neuroeffector.
The synaptic cleft is between 12 and 30 nm wide.
The synaptic cleft is between 12 and 30 nm wide.
Neurotransmitters activate a second messenger and are related to G proteins or receptor kinases.
Neurotransmitters activate a second messenger and are related to G proteins or receptor kinases.
The presynaptic part contains neurotransmitters within vesicles, which are released into the space between the two cells called the synaptic cleft.
The presynaptic part contains neurotransmitters within vesicles, which are released into the space between the two cells called the synaptic cleft.
At inhibitory synapses, the permeability for potassium and chloride ions increases, leading to depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.
At inhibitory synapses, the permeability for potassium and chloride ions increases, leading to depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.
Synaptic activity stops when enzymes degrade neurotransmitter molecules in the membrane of the postsynaptic element.
Synaptic activity stops when enzymes degrade neurotransmitter molecules in the membrane of the postsynaptic element.
Neuroglial cells outnumber neurons in the nervous tissue of vertebrates.
Neuroglial cells outnumber neurons in the nervous tissue of vertebrates.
The nervous tissue has an endodermal origin.
The nervous tissue has an endodermal origin.
The specific properties of nervous tissue are irritability and conductivity.
The specific properties of nervous tissue are irritability and conductivity.
Neurosecretory neurons release neurotransmitters at synapses
Neurosecretory neurons release neurotransmitters at synapses
Axonal transport can only be anterograde, and does not involve retrograde movement
Axonal transport can only be anterograde, and does not involve retrograde movement
The soma is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses
The soma is responsible for transmitting nerve impulses
Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath in the PNS, while Schwann cells form it in the CNS.
Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath in the PNS, while Schwann cells form it in the CNS.
Synaptic activity stops when enzymes degrade neurotransmitter molecules in the membrane of the postsynaptic element.
Synaptic activity stops when enzymes degrade neurotransmitter molecules in the membrane of the postsynaptic element.
At inhibitory synapses, the permeability for potassium and chloride ions increases, leading to depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.
At inhibitory synapses, the permeability for potassium and chloride ions increases, leading to depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.
Chemical synapses are always excitatory in nature.
Chemical synapses are always excitatory in nature.
The presynaptic part contains neurotransmitters within vesicles, which are released into the space between the two cells called the synaptic cleft.
The presynaptic part contains neurotransmitters within vesicles, which are released into the space between the two cells called the synaptic cleft.
The postsynaptic part contains receptors for neurotransmitters.
The postsynaptic part contains receptors for neurotransmitters.
The synaptic cleft is the space between the pre- and post- synaptic membranes.
The synaptic cleft is the space between the pre- and post- synaptic membranes.
Synaptic activity stops when degradation products of neurotransmitter molecules are collected by the presynaptic element for synthesis of the new neurotransmitters.
Synaptic activity stops when degradation products of neurotransmitter molecules are collected by the presynaptic element for synthesis of the new neurotransmitters.
The space between the pre- and post- synaptic membranes is occupied by glycosaminoglycans that are PAS-positive.
The space between the pre- and post- synaptic membranes is occupied by glycosaminoglycans that are PAS-positive.
Neurons outnumber ______ cells in the nervous tissue of vertebrates.
Neurons outnumber ______ cells in the nervous tissue of vertebrates.
The specific properties of nervous tissue are irritability and ______.
The specific properties of nervous tissue are irritability and ______.
The nervous tissue has an ectodermal origin, specifically the neuroectoderm or ______.
The nervous tissue has an ectodermal origin, specifically the neuroectoderm or ______.
The specific properties of nervous tissue are ______ and conductivity.
The specific properties of nervous tissue are ______ and conductivity.
There are about 50 times more ______ cells than neurons in the nervous tissue of vertebrates.
There are about 50 times more ______ cells than neurons in the nervous tissue of vertebrates.
Neurons outnumber ______ cells in the nervous tissue of vertebrates
Neurons outnumber ______ cells in the nervous tissue of vertebrates
The space between the pre- and post- synaptic membranes is occupied by ______ that are PAS-positive
The space between the pre- and post- synaptic membranes is occupied by ______ that are PAS-positive
Neurotransmitters activate a second messenger and are related to G proteins or ______ kinases
Neurotransmitters activate a second messenger and are related to G proteins or ______ kinases
The specific properties of nervous tissue are irritability and ______
The specific properties of nervous tissue are irritability and ______
Oligodendrocytes form the cell sheath in the CNS, while Schwann cells form it in the ______
Oligodendrocytes form the cell sheath in the CNS, while Schwann cells form it in the ______
Neurons are classified based on their ______, with conduction neurons being the majority and having different distributions like unipolar, bipolar, pseudounipolar, and multipolar
Neurons are classified based on their ______, with conduction neurons being the majority and having different distributions like unipolar, bipolar, pseudounipolar, and multipolar
The soma is responsible for producing structural proteins, membrane proteins, and enzymes, and contains Nissl bodies, SER, Golgi complex, mitochondria, and cytoskeletal ______
The soma is responsible for producing structural proteins, membrane proteins, and enzymes, and contains Nissl bodies, SER, Golgi complex, mitochondria, and cytoskeletal ______
Dendrites increase the neuron's surface area and receive ______, while the axon contains axolemma, axoplasm, SER, mitochondria, vesicles with neurotransmitters, neurosecretory granules, lysosomes, and an ordered cytoskeleton
Dendrites increase the neuron's surface area and receive ______, while the axon contains axolemma, axoplasm, SER, mitochondria, vesicles with neurotransmitters, neurosecretory granules, lysosomes, and an ordered cytoskeleton
Axonal transport can be anterograde or ______, facilitating the spread of organoids, vesicles, macromolecules, and proteins
Axonal transport can be anterograde or ______, facilitating the spread of organoids, vesicles, macromolecules, and proteins
Neurosecretory neurons are specialized in secreting substances and transporting them along the axon for release into the ______
Neurosecretory neurons are specialized in secreting substances and transporting them along the axon for release into the ______
Chemical synapses have three parts: (1) the presynaptic part (2) the central part or synaptic cleft, and (3) the ______ part
Chemical synapses have three parts: (1) the presynaptic part (2) the central part or synaptic cleft, and (3) the ______ part
Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the ______ cell membrane, receptors that open ion channels
Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the ______ cell membrane, receptors that open ion channels
In the cytoplasm of the synaptic button, there are mitochondria, a few elements of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, actin microfilaments, and many ______ located next to the plasma membrane
In the cytoplasm of the synaptic button, there are mitochondria, a few elements of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, actin microfilaments, and many ______ located next to the plasma membrane
The space between the pre- and post-synaptic membranes is called the ______
The space between the pre- and post-synaptic membranes is called the ______
At excitatory synapses, there is a simultaneous increase in permeability for sodium and potassium ions and this leads to ______ of the postsynaptic membrane
At excitatory synapses, there is a simultaneous increase in permeability for sodium and potassium ions and this leads to ______ of the postsynaptic membrane
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Study Notes
Neurons and Nerve Fibers
- Neurons can be sensory (afferent), interneurons, or motoneurons (efferent)
- Sensory neurons receive input and conduct impulses to the CNS
- Interneurons establish networks between sensory and motoneurons
- Motoneurons conduct impulses to muscles, glands, and other neurons
- Nerve fiber consists of the axon and its sheaths
- Myelinated nerve fibers have cell sheath and myelin sheath
- Oligodendrocytes form the cell sheath in the CNS, while Schwann cells form it in the PNS
- Unmyelinated nerve fibers only have a cell sheath, formed by Schwann cells
- Myelin is a lipoprotein substance formed by oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS
- Myelin is responsible for electrical isolation and increases the speed of conduction
- Synapse is the site where nerve impulses are transmitted between cells
- There are electrical and chemical synapses, with neurotransmitters involved in chemical synapses
Neuron Components and Function: A Detailed Overview
- Nervous tissue comprises nervous cells (neurons and neuroglial cells) and neuropil.
- The neuron consists of the soma (neuronal body) and neuronal processes (dendrites and axon).
- The soma is polygonal and ranges in size from 4 to 135 µm, with a prominent nucleolus, dispersed chromatin, and various organelles for protein synthesis and secretion.
- The soma contains Nissl bodies (chromatophilic substance), SER, Golgi complex, mitochondria, cytoskeletal filaments, and inclusions like lipofuscin, melanin, and secretion granules.
- Dendrites increase the neuron's surface area and receive synapses, while the axon is a single, long, thin, and smooth prolongation with different segments.
- The axon contains axolemma, axoplasm, SER, mitochondria, vesicles with neurotransmitters, neurosecretory granules, lysosomes, and an ordered cytoskeleton.
- Axonal transport can be anterograde or retrograde, facilitating the spread of organoids, vesicles, macromolecules, and proteins.
- Neurons are classified based on their function, with conduction neurons being the majority and having different distributions like unipolar, bipolar, pseudounipolar, and multipolar.
- Neurosecretory neurons are specialized in secreting substances and transporting them along the axon for release into the blood.
- Conduction neurons release neurotransmitters at synapses, while neurosecretory neurons release substances into the blood in neurohemal organs.
- Soma is responsible for producing structural proteins, membrane proteins, and enzymes, and contains Nissl bodies, SER, Golgi complex, mitochondria, and cytoskeletal filaments.
- Dendrites increase the neuron's surface area and receive synapses, while axon contains axolemma, axoplasm, SER, mitochondria, vesicles with neurotransmitters, neurosecretory granules, lysosomes, and an ordered cytoskeleton.
Neurons and Nerve Fibers
- Neurons can be sensory (afferent), interneurons, or motoneurons (efferent)
- Sensory neurons receive input and conduct impulses to the CNS
- Interneurons establish networks between sensory and motoneurons
- Motoneurons conduct impulses to muscles, glands, and other neurons
- Nerve fiber consists of the axon and its sheaths
- Myelinated nerve fibers have cell sheath and myelin sheath
- Oligodendrocytes form the cell sheath in the CNS, while Schwann cells form it in the PNS
- Unmyelinated nerve fibers only have a cell sheath, formed by Schwann cells
- Myelin is a lipoprotein substance formed by oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS
- Myelin is responsible for electrical isolation and increases the speed of conduction
- Synapse is the site where nerve impulses are transmitted between cells
- There are electrical and chemical synapses, with neurotransmitters involved in chemical synapses
Neuron Components and Function: A Detailed Overview
- Nervous tissue comprises nervous cells (neurons and neuroglial cells) and neuropil.
- The neuron consists of the soma (neuronal body) and neuronal processes (dendrites and axon).
- The soma is polygonal and ranges in size from 4 to 135 µm, with a prominent nucleolus, dispersed chromatin, and various organelles for protein synthesis and secretion.
- The soma contains Nissl bodies (chromatophilic substance), SER, Golgi complex, mitochondria, cytoskeletal filaments, and inclusions like lipofuscin, melanin, and secretion granules.
- Dendrites increase the neuron's surface area and receive synapses, while the axon is a single, long, thin, and smooth prolongation with different segments.
- The axon contains axolemma, axoplasm, SER, mitochondria, vesicles with neurotransmitters, neurosecretory granules, lysosomes, and an ordered cytoskeleton.
- Axonal transport can be anterograde or retrograde, facilitating the spread of organoids, vesicles, macromolecules, and proteins.
- Neurons are classified based on their function, with conduction neurons being the majority and having different distributions like unipolar, bipolar, pseudounipolar, and multipolar.
- Neurosecretory neurons are specialized in secreting substances and transporting them along the axon for release into the blood.
- Conduction neurons release neurotransmitters at synapses, while neurosecretory neurons release substances into the blood in neurohemal organs.
- Soma is responsible for producing structural proteins, membrane proteins, and enzymes, and contains Nissl bodies, SER, Golgi complex, mitochondria, and cytoskeletal filaments.
- Dendrites increase the neuron's surface area and receive synapses, while axon contains axolemma, axoplasm, SER, mitochondria, vesicles with neurotransmitters, neurosecretory granules, lysosomes, and an ordered cytoskeleton.
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