Untitled Quiz

ALTITUDE Maritime Training Center, Inc.

• The organization is a maritime training center.
• Their mission is to provide advance learning through innovative training and upholding distinctive education.

Key Skills

• KNOWLEDGE
• UNDERSTANDING
• PROFICIENCY
• ATTITUDE
• LEADERSHIP

House Rules

• Attendance is recorded after class. If absent, students must go to the registrar.
• Cell phones are prohibited during classes.
• Consumption of alcohol and prohibited drugs is strictly forbidden.
• Smoking is not allowed inside the center.
• Premises must be kept clean.

Crisis Management and Human Behavior Training

• This training incorporates crowd management and passenger safety.

IMO (International Maritime Organization)

• A specialized UN agency responsible for technical maritime industry matters.
• Located in London.
• Has approximately 160 member states.

IMO Motto

• Safer ships and cleaner oceans.
• To achieve this, the IMO adopted over 30 conventions affecting the maritime industry.

STCW Code (Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping)

• STCW 2010, Regulation V/2, section A-V/2, Paragraph 1-2:
  • Paragraph 1 covers Crowd Management Training.
  • Paragraph 2 covers Safety Training for personnel providing direct service to passengers in passenger spaces.

Levels of Responsibility

• Management: Masters, Chief Mates, Chief Engineers, Second Engineers
• Operational: Officer in charge of navigational or engineering watch, or duty officers
• Support: Those performing assigned tasks, duties, and responsibilities.

Crisis Management Focus

• Including Passenger Safety, Cargo Safety and Hull Integrity Training

Crisis Management Definition

• Shipboard management handling various emergency situations to optimize outcomes.
• Optimizing passenger and crew safety.
• Preventing pollution.
• Caring for material values (ship and belongings).

Crisis Management Goal

• Prioritize passenger and crew safety.

Crowd Definition

• A group of people without a common goal.

Crowd Management Definition

• Intelligent and disciplined application of "practical skills" to control and direct crowds in emergencies.

General Objective

• This course is designed to equip participants with knowledge and skills to be effective crowd controllers, enhancing the likelihood of passenger and crew survival during emergencies.

Safety Concepts: Prevention and Preparedness

• Prevention: Actions to stop unwanted situations arising, such as those with a high risk of losing control.
• Preparedness: Preventive and damage-minimizing actions if prevention fails, enabling the situation to develop towards a manageable crisis.

Five Emergency Handling Factors (TPPCT)

• Training
• Procedures
• Personal Characteristics
• Cohesion
• Technology
  • Life-saving Appliances
    • Examples include life rafts, life jackets.
  • Fire-fighting Appliances
    • Examples include fire extinguishers, smoke detectors.
  • Communication Equipment
    • Examples include VHF radios, emergency beacons, public address systems.

Procedures for Effective Crisis Management

• Good procedures
• Tests and re-evaluation
• Training
• Familiarization
• Internal Emergency Communication (Closed Loop)
  • Sender -> Instructions -> Confirmation -> Receiver.

Purpose of Closed-Loop Communication

• Ensuring the sender verifies that the receiver fully understands the message.

Phases of Emergency

• Announcement (PA system, emergency code location announcements, FFT, damage control, technical, boat, medical, assessment team)
• General Emergency Alarm (7 short + 1 long blasts, passenger and crew move to the respective muster station)
• Abandon Ship (1 long + verbal announcement by Captain, passengers & crew proceed to boat station, final mustering of passengers, standby for final announcement)

Escape Routes

• Primary and secondary routes.
• Escape routes should be clear of obstructions.
• Elevators are not to be used in an emergency.

Muster Station Procedures

• Maintain order in the muster station.
• Conduct muster using passenger lists.
• Render assistance to passengers.

Clear, Reassuring Orders

• Establish physical presence (location, uniforms, polite but firm attitude).
• Use simple orders.
• Repeat important information.

Keeping Families Together

• A family's solidarity is more cooperative in emergencies.
• Keeping families together is beneficial.

Communicating with Passengers

• Give facts; don't dramatize.
• Be concise.

Leadership Characteristics

• Ability to impose one's will on others. Key attributes include:
  • Obedience
  • Confidence
  • Respect
  • Commitment

Leadership Attributes of an Effective Leader

• Assessing information
• Motivating crew
• Delegating tasks
• Exercising authority

Cohesion Principles

• Bonding
• Teamwork
• Coordination
• Respect for superiors

Human Reactions to Danger

• Active: 10-30% (attempting to fix the problem, possibly harmed to themselves)
• Passive: 50-75% (waiting for orders & direction)
• Panic: 1-3% (intense and potentially harmful emotions and actions)

Stress Effects and Causes

• Stress is the individual's response to pressure.
• Stressors include: anything that threatens, thrills, worries or scares.

Stress Factors (Examples)

• Perceived risk
• Lack of organization
• Difficult choices
• Misinformation
• Too much information
• Few options for control
• No crew cohesion
• Time constraints
• Insufficient procedures
• Lack of crew competence
• Lack of co-ordination

Stress Reactions

• Unusual behaviour, nervousness
• Exaggerated actions.
• Concentration on wrong details
• Lack of reality judgement
• Time perception issues
• Nerves breakdown
• Intolerance

Actions Against Panic

• Take control.
• Lead by example.
• Provide information.
• Delegate meaningful tasks.

Power Types for Influence

• Coercive power (fear/force)
• Connection power (relationship/important figures)
• Expert power (skills/expertise)
• Information power (knowledge)

Communication and Information System

• Public Address (P.A.) system
• Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) radio
• Telephone
• Crew messengers
• Megaphone
• Hand signals

Communication Barriers

• Attitudes
• Cultural differences
• Language