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Questions and Answers

What does the acronym "IMO" stand for?

International Maritime Organization

What is the motto of the IMO?

  • Protecting the environment
  • Navigating the future
  • Safety first, always
  • Safer ships and cleaner oceans (correct)

    • The STCW Code is mandatory for passenger ships only.

    False

    What is the main goal of crisis management on a ship?

    <p>To prioritize passenger and crew safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a level of responsibility in crisis management?

    <p>Technical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A crowd is defined as a group of people ______ a common goal.

    <p>without</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a crowd be managed effectively?

    <p>Through an intelligent and disciplined application of practical skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The safety concept within crisis management consists of only one part.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key factor in emergency handling?

    <p>Financial resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered part of "technology" in crisis management?

    <p>Life-saving appliances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Communication equipment is not considered essential in crisis management.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of "procedures" in crisis management?

    <p>To ensure a coordinated and effective response to emergencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Training and familiarization are important components of effective procedures.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of "internal emergency communication"?

    <p>To ensure clear and accurate information exchange among crew members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Closed-loop communication ensures that the sender understands the receiver's message.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many phases are there in the emergency response plan?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the public address system (PA) in Phase I of the emergency response plan?

    <p>To announce the emergency and provide initial instructions to passengers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the signal used to activate the general emergency alarm in Phase II?

    <p>Seven short blasts followed by one long blast.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Phase III, passengers and crew are directed to proceed to their lifeboat stations.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an escape route?

    <p>The recommended passage from any point on the ship to the embarkation station.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice regarding escape routes:

    <p>Use elevators in an emergency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Passengers should be kept together with their families during an emergency.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following should be avoided when communicating with passengers during an emergency?

    <p>Dramatizing the situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of leadership in the context of crisis management?

    <p>The art of imposing one's will to others in order to maintain control and ensure the safety of all involved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Confidence is not a necessary attribute of a good leader.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of "cohesion" in terms of crisis management?

    <p>The ability of a team to work together effectively towards a common goal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common reaction pattern after people have accepted the danger:

    <p>Inactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of "panic"?

    <p>A sudden uncontrollable feeling of fear or anxiety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stress is a common response to pressure and threats.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common stress factor in crisis management?

    <p>Insufficient resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common stress reactions that individuals may experience during an emergency?

    <p>Strange behavior, nervousness, overactivity, tunnel vision, difficulty concentrating, denial, distorted perception of time, and breakdown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is important to take control, show leadership, and provide information when dealing with panicked individuals.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does "power" influence crisis management?

    <p>By influencing passengers to comply with instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is essential to be aware of the different types of power available and choose the most effective approach for a given situation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is "coercive power"?

    <p>Using fear or force to get individuals to comply with instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is "expert power"?

    <p>The influence based on one's skills and ability to perform tasks that others find challenging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is "information power"?

    <p>Using knowledge that others do not possess to guide actions and decision-making during an emergency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Communication barriers can hinder the effectiveness of crisis management.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common communication barrier in crisis management?

    <p>Technological limitations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the final announcement in Phase III of the emergency response plan?

    <p>To signal the final evacuation process and confirm the safety of all individuals on board.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Training plays a crucial role in increasing awareness and self-confidence in crisis management.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT influence the outcome of effective crowd and crisis management?

    <p>Financial resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    ALTITUDE Maritime Training Center, Inc.

    • The organization is a maritime training center.
    • Their mission is to provide advance learning through innovative training and upholding distinctive education.

    Key Skills

    • KNOWLEDGE
    • UNDERSTANDING
    • PROFICIENCY
    • ATTITUDE
    • LEADERSHIP

    House Rules

    • Attendance is recorded after class. If absent, students must go to the registrar.
    • Cell phones are prohibited during classes.
    • Consumption of alcohol and prohibited drugs is strictly forbidden.
    • Smoking is not allowed inside the center.
    • Premises must be kept clean.

    Crisis Management and Human Behavior Training

    • This training incorporates crowd management and passenger safety.

    IMO (International Maritime Organization)

    • A specialized UN agency responsible for technical maritime industry matters.
    • Located in London.
    • Has approximately 160 member states.

    IMO Motto

    • Safer ships and cleaner oceans.
    • To achieve this, the IMO adopted over 30 conventions affecting the maritime industry.

    STCW Code (Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping)

    • STCW 2010, Regulation V/2, section A-V/2, Paragraph 1-2:
      • Paragraph 1 covers Crowd Management Training.
      • Paragraph 2 covers Safety Training for personnel providing direct service to passengers in passenger spaces.

    Levels of Responsibility

    • Management: Masters, Chief Mates, Chief Engineers, Second Engineers
    • Operational: Officer in charge of navigational or engineering watch, or duty officers
    • Support: Those performing assigned tasks, duties, and responsibilities.

    Crisis Management Focus

    • Including Passenger Safety, Cargo Safety and Hull Integrity Training

    Crisis Management Definition

    • Shipboard management handling various emergency situations to optimize outcomes.
    • Optimizing passenger and crew safety.
    • Preventing pollution.
    • Caring for material values (ship and belongings).

    Crisis Management Goal

    • Prioritize passenger and crew safety.

    Crowd Definition

    • A group of people without a common goal.

    Crowd Management Definition

    • Intelligent and disciplined application of "practical skills" to control and direct crowds in emergencies.

    General Objective

    • This course is designed to equip participants with knowledge and skills to be effective crowd controllers, enhancing the likelihood of passenger and crew survival during emergencies.

    Safety Concepts: Prevention and Preparedness

    • Prevention: Actions to stop unwanted situations arising, such as those with a high risk of losing control.
    • Preparedness: Preventive and damage-minimizing actions if prevention fails, enabling the situation to develop towards a manageable crisis.

    Five Emergency Handling Factors (TPPCT)

    • Training
    • Procedures
    • Personal Characteristics
    • Cohesion
    • Technology
      • Life-saving Appliances
        • Examples include life rafts, life jackets.
      • Fire-fighting Appliances
        • Examples include fire extinguishers, smoke detectors.
      • Communication Equipment
        • Examples include VHF radios, emergency beacons, public address systems.

    Procedures for Effective Crisis Management

    • Good procedures
    • Tests and re-evaluation
    • Training
    • Familiarization
    • Internal Emergency Communication (Closed Loop)
      • Sender -> Instructions -> Confirmation -> Receiver.

    Purpose of Closed-Loop Communication

    • Ensuring the sender verifies that the receiver fully understands the message.

    Phases of Emergency

    • Announcement (PA system, emergency code location announcements, FFT, damage control, technical, boat, medical, assessment team)
    • General Emergency Alarm (7 short + 1 long blasts, passenger and crew move to the respective muster station)
    • Abandon Ship (1 long + verbal announcement by Captain, passengers & crew proceed to boat station, final mustering of passengers, standby for final announcement)

    Escape Routes

    • Primary and secondary routes.
    • Escape routes should be clear of obstructions.
    • Elevators are not to be used in an emergency.

    Muster Station Procedures

    • Maintain order in the muster station.
    • Conduct muster using passenger lists.
    • Render assistance to passengers.

    Clear, Reassuring Orders

    • Establish physical presence (location, uniforms, polite but firm attitude).
    • Use simple orders.
    • Repeat important information.

    Keeping Families Together

    • A family's solidarity is more cooperative in emergencies.
    • Keeping families together is beneficial.

    Communicating with Passengers

    • Give facts; don't dramatize.
    • Be concise.

    Leadership Characteristics

    • Ability to impose one's will on others. Key attributes include:
      • Obedience
      • Confidence
      • Respect
      • Commitment

    Leadership Attributes of an Effective Leader

    • Assessing information
    • Motivating crew
    • Delegating tasks
    • Exercising authority

    Cohesion Principles

    • Bonding
    • Teamwork
    • Coordination
    • Respect for superiors

    Human Reactions to Danger

    • Active: 10-30% (attempting to fix the problem, possibly harmed to themselves)
    • Passive: 50-75% (waiting for orders & direction)
    • Panic: 1-3% (intense and potentially harmful emotions and actions)

    Stress Effects and Causes

    • Stress is the individual's response to pressure.
    • Stressors include: anything that threatens, thrills, worries or scares.

    Stress Factors (Examples)

    • Perceived risk
    • Lack of organization
    • Difficult choices
    • Misinformation
    • Too much information
    • Few options for control
    • No crew cohesion
    • Time constraints
    • Insufficient procedures
    • Lack of crew competence
    • Lack of co-ordination

    Stress Reactions

    • Unusual behaviour, nervousness
    • Exaggerated actions.
    • Concentration on wrong details
    • Lack of reality judgement
    • Time perception issues
    • Nerves breakdown
    • Intolerance

    Actions Against Panic

    • Take control.
    • Lead by example.
    • Provide information.
    • Delegate meaningful tasks.

    Power Types for Influence

    • Coercive power (fear/force)
    • Connection power (relationship/important figures)
    • Expert power (skills/expertise)
    • Information power (knowledge)

    Communication and Information System

    • Public Address (P.A.) system
    • Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) radio
    • Telephone
    • Crew messengers
    • Megaphone
    • Hand signals

    Communication Barriers

    • Attitudes
    • Cultural differences
    • Language

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