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Questions and Answers

What is considered a crucial skill for communication in various fields?

  • Reading
  • Writing
  • Listening
  • Speaking (correct)

According to Ladouse (1991), what does speaking enable individuals to do?

  • Translate written texts
  • Report events with specific words (correct)
  • Analyze grammatical structures
  • Participate in written debates

Which language is regarded as a secondary language in the Philippines?

  • Chinese
  • Spanish
  • English (correct)
  • Tagalog

What aspect does not contribute significantly to the challenges faced by second-language learners when speaking?

<p>Long-term memory capacity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Philippine educational system utilize English?

<p>As a medium of instruction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was identified as necessary for the growth of English usage beyond the classroom?

<p>Common social interactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary challenge do second-language learners face when speaking?

<p>Producing sentences spontaneously (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of the Filipino population reportedly speaks English fluently?

<p>Two-thirds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary factor contributing to delays in speaking according to the provided information?

<p>Negative beliefs about speaking abilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these aspects is considered a crucial component for success in speaking according to the studies mentioned?

<p>Motivation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do low academic learners often perceive as the main requirement for speaking a language?

<p>Pronouncing words correctly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact can motivational issues have on speaking performance according to Valenthine's research?

<p>Inhibition in speaking due to a loss of words (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do high academic achievers view speaking activities compared to low achievers?

<p>They understand the importance of comprehension and listening. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following situations is likely to exacerbate a student's lack of motivation in speaking?

<p>Encountering complex words (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What internal issue was highlighted in the study regarding difficulties in speaking?

<p>Self-confidence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can the involvement of students in speaking activities help generate according to the studies referenced?

<p>Higher levels of eagerness in using the language (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is identified as a major contributor to students' speaking performance issues in English?

<p>Limited emotional readiness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a lack of motivation affect students in learning a foreign language?

<p>It can limit their speaking performance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of self-efficacy is particularly influential according to Waddington (2023)?

<p>Perception of ability to perform tasks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned as influencing a student's speaking performance?

<p>Personality traits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Rosario (2019), which process is affected by affective factors?

<p>Feelings before, during, and after speaking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What negative consequence can arise from low self-efficacy in students, as per Zulkarnain et al. (2023)?

<p>Quick loss of confidence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive factors regarding English speaking primarily address what aspect?

<p>English proficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does self-efficacy influence according to the findings discussed?

<p>Decisions about effort and involvement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What personal belief hinders many participants when speaking in public?

<p>The expectation that they must speak fluently. (A), The fear of making mistakes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to stuttering during presentations according to participants?

<p>The pressure of being watched by an audience. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common emotional response participants report when they have to express themselves in English?

<p>Intense fear and nervousness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does social judgment anxiety affect participants' classroom discussions?

<p>It causes them to hold back and be less confident. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What underlying issue complicates language speaking for participants, aside from lack of fluency?

<p>Fear of being laughed at for pronunciation errors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which situation tends to cause participants to choose silence over speaking?

<p>Fear of making mistakes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do participants blame for their feelings of intense anxiety during oral tasks?

<p>The expectation from themselves and others. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do participants typically feel about their ability to articulate thoughts under pressure?

<p>Overwhelmed and tongue-tied. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor significantly affects second language learners' ability to articulate their thoughts?

<p>Limited grasp of linguistic features (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reason for mental blocks experienced by participants during recitations?

<p>Unfamiliarity with the subject matter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do learning and development factors impact language skills in a classroom setting?

<p>They restrict capacity to speak efficiently. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common experience shared by participants when trying to express their thoughts in English?

<p>They lose focus when unable to find specific vocabulary. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skill is particularly emphasized as necessary for English majors in communication?

<p>Selective word usage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do participants believe contributes to their difficulties in speaking English fluently?

<p>Being in the process of learning the language (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the complexity of material lead to for participants during discussions?

<p>Difficulty in explaining their thoughts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of language learning do participants feel is still developing?

<p>Sentence construction and grammar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the English Only Policy (EOP) in the classroom?

<p>To improve students' fluency in the English language (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge do students face when speaking English during presentations?

<p>Cultural differences impacting communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do students often describe their experience with speaking English in a classroom setting?

<p>Challenging and difficult (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do students tend to pause or stutter while presenting in English?

<p>They have trouble translating thoughts into English quickly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of English language use do students frequently forget during impromptu speaking?

<p>Specific vocabulary and terms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to students' struggle with composing sentences in English?

<p>Cultural influences and language fluency issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do students often experience when trying to find the right words in English?

<p>A sense of urgency leading to errors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do students typically respond to the challenges posed by the EOP?

<p>By actively working to improve their English skills (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Speaking Skill

The ability to communicate effectively through spoken language, involving grammar, content, structure, and pronunciation.

Challenges for Second-Language Learners

Speaking in a second language can be difficult because of the need for on-the-spot sentence production, requiring mastery of grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.

Speaking's Role in Communication

Speaking allows individuals to express themselves, report events, and communicate ideas clearly and effectively.

Importance of English in the Philippines

English is widely used in the Philippines in government, law, business, education, and media, making proficient English skills essential for Filipinos.

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English as a Medium of Instruction

The Philippine educational system requires English as the primary language for teaching and learning across all levels.

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English Proficiency for Students

Students in the Philippines are expected to achieve proficiency in English to understand and communicate effectively in academic subjects.

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English Beyond the Classroom

The importance of using English beyond academic settings is recognized, as it enhances communication, builds relationships, and promotes personal growth.

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Philippines as an ESL Destination

Due to widespread English fluency, the Philippines is a popular destination for students learning English as a Second Language (ESL).

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Speaking Delay Factors

Various factors that hinder individuals from speaking a language fluently, including attitude, language aptitude, negative beliefs about one's speaking abilities, and lack of exposure to competent speakers.

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Internal Speaking Challenges

Inner struggles that affect individuals' speaking ability, including lack of motivation, low self-confidence, and negative beliefs about their speaking skills.

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Motivation in Language Learning

A crucial factor that drives L2 learners to achieve their language learning goals, characterized by desire, eagerness, and positive attitude towards learning.

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Impact of Motivation on Speaking

Low motivation can limit L2 learners' ability to recognize their potential and engage in speaking activities due to a lack of self-belief and competitive spirit.

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Academic Learners' Perspective on Speaking

Some low-achieving academic learners view speaking a language as solely focused on correct pronunciation, neglecting the importance of communication, comprehension, and listening.

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Confidence and Involvement in Speaking

The learner's level of confidence and active participation are essential for effective speaking, fostering their eagerness and willingness to use the language.

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Influence of Motivation on Speaking Performance

Strong motivation is a key influence on successful speaking performance. Lack of motivation can lead to speaking difficulties, especially when encountering unfamiliar topics or vocabulary.

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Situational Factors Affecting Motivation

Various situations can hinder motivation, such as encountering unfamiliar topics, complex vocabulary, or a lack of understanding, particularly in foreign language contexts.

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Social Judgment Anxiety

The fear of being judged negatively by others for one's actions or words, especially in social situations.

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Fear of Making Mistakes

The worry of making mistakes while speaking, which can lead to hesitation and avoidance of speaking.

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Stuttering

A speech disorder characterized by involuntary repetitions or prolongations of sounds, syllables, or words.

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Tongue-Tied

Unable to speak due to nervousness or anxiety.

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Overwhelmed by Nervousness

Feeling extreme anxiety and stress, often causing difficulty speaking or thinking clearly.

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Lack of Practice

Insufficient exposure or experience in speaking a particular language.

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Limited Vocabulary

Having a small range of words to express oneself, resulting in difficulty communicating effectively.

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Pressure from Superiority

The feeling of being judged by someone perceived as better or more knowledgeable, causing anxiety and fear.

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Vocabulary Gap

Lacking essential vocabulary for expressing thoughts and ideas effectively in a second language.

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Language Features

Aspects like vocabulary, slang, idioms, and accents that characterize a language and affect how fluent it is.

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Mental Block

A sudden inability to think clearly or speak smoothly, often experienced when unsure about vocabulary or grammar.

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Sentence Construction

The ability to arrange words grammatically in a meaningful way to convey complete thoughts.

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Pronunciation

The correct way to speak sounds and words in a language to ensure clear and understandable communication.

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Subject Matter Familiarity

Being comfortable with the topic being discussed, making it easier to express thoughts and ideas.

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Learning Stage

The process of acquiring or improving language skills, often leading to challenges in speaking fluently.

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Difficulty Speaking Fluently

Struggling to speak without hesitation or errors, often caused by lack of vocabulary, grammar, or confidence.

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Speaking Challenge: Vocabulary

Students often struggle to find the right words when speaking in a foreign language. This is a common challenge, especially when starting out.

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Speaking Challenge: Grammar

Students often feel unsure about using correct grammar when speaking in a foreign language. It can feel confusing and make them hesitant to speak.

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Motivation's Role in Speaking

A lack of motivation can significantly affect a student's willingness to speak in a foreign language. It can lead to less effort and participation.

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Affective Factors in Speaking

Emotional readiness can influence how readily a student speaks, especially in a foreign language. It's about how they feel before, during, and after speaking.

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Self-Efficacy in Speaking

Self-efficacy is how confident a student feels about their ability to speak in a foreign language. Low self-efficacy can make them shy away from speaking.

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Confidence's Impact on Speaking

Lack of confidence in speaking skills can negatively impact a student's overall academic performance, particularly in language classes.

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Cognitive Factor in Speaking

A key factor in speaking a foreign language is the student's actual level of proficiency. It's about their understanding and grasp of the language.

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English Proficiency's Role

A student's native English proficiency can affect their ability to learn and speak a foreign language. Strong English skills provide a foundation.

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English Only Policy (EOP)

A rule in some classrooms where only English can be spoken, even if students prefer another language.

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Challenges for second-language speakers

Students learning English often face difficulties speaking fluently, finding the right words, and translating thoughts quickly.

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Pressure to speak English in class

Students may feel pressured to speak English in class due to classroom rules, their major, or the need to participate.

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Impact of cultural differences

Cultural differences can contribute to language challenges, making it harder for students to express themselves in English.

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Impromptu speaking

Speaking without preparation, often in fast-paced situations, can be more challenging for second-language learners.

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Difficulty in finding the right words

A common struggle for English language learners is choosing the correct words to express themselves.

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Impact of cultural differences on language

Cultural backgrounds can influence the way people speak, making it harder for students to adapt to English language conventions.

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Importance of fluency in English

Students recognize the need to improve their English fluency for various purposes, like presentations and classroom discussions.

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Study Notes

Assessment on the English Speaking Challenges among English Majors at Philippine Christian University

  • Researchers: Acosta, Arachelle L., Allado, Ma. Franchesca Luis B., Lapatha, Daryll J., and Raña, Wynona Rose M.
  • Advisor: Rosanna M. Macuha, MA.Ed.
  • Academic Year: 2024-2025
  • Study Location: Philippine Christian University, Manila
  • Degree: Bachelor of Arts in English Language Studies
  • Focus: Challenges English majors face when speaking English.
  • Methods: Qualitative research design, structured interviews, thematic analysis of interview responses.
  • Scope: English-speaking skills of English majors, focusing on speaking for 20 students at Philippine Christian University for AY 2024-2025. Does not include students in other majors.

Introduction

  • Background: Speaking in a non-native language is challenging, particularly when it's the medium of instruction.
  • Importance of Speaking Skills: Speaking is an important skill for communication and is a major factor in Filipino society.
  • Research Question 1: What factors contribute to the student's English-speaking difficulties?
  • Research Question 2: In which instances and contexts do the students encounter difficulties in using the English language as a medium?
  • Purpose: Understand speaking challenges of English majors at Philippine Christian University.

Theoretical Framework

  • General Model Theory of Second Language Learning: Emphasizes the relationship between social contexts and language acquisition.
  • Affective Filter Theory: Emotional factors (anxiety, fear of mistakes) can hinder language acquisition.
  • Social Factors: Impact a learner's attitude towards the language, which affects their attitude and outcomes.
  • Four Communicative Competencies: Grammatical, sociolinguistic, discourse, and strategic.
  • English proficiency: English is a crucial skill due to its role in Filipino society.

Research Methodology

  • Research Design: Qualitative, using structured interviews.
  • Respondents: 20 English majors from two different programs.
  • Research Instruments: Structured written interviews (6 open-ended questions).
  • Data Collection Procedure: Interviews will be conducted in a setting that ensures comfort and privacy.
  • Data Analysis Procedure: Thematic analysis to determine recurring themes in responses.

Results and Discussion

  • Themes Identified:
    • Psychological and Social factors (fear of public speaking, fear of making mistakes, lack of confidence)
    • Linguistic Challenges (translation difficulties, vocabulary limitations, complexity of language)
    • Learning Environment and Development Factors (ongoing learning process, topic unfamiliarity, language exposure)
    • Classroom based context (participating in lectures, presentations, and discussions)

Conclusion

  • Overall: Speaking challenges are multi-faceted for English majors, related to both psychological and social factors(lack of self-confidence, anxiety, fear of mistakes).
  • Key Issues: Linguistic challenges with vocabulary, grammar, and cultural differences pose an issue in communication.

Recommendations

  • Students: Practice speaking English regularly, use multimedia resources, and actively engage in English-learning opportunities.
  • Teachers: Provide opportunities for active speaking practice in class; use diverse learning methods; utilize feedback to boost confidence; be sensitive to cultural differences.
  • Institutions: Offer support systems to help students overcome challenges related to language and communication.

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