JavaScript Modal and Type Conversion Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the return value of the confirm() function when the user clicks the 'Cancel' button in the modal window?

  • undefined
  • false (correct)
  • null
  • true

Which of the following functions is used to display a message in a modal window with an input field and buttons for 'OK' and 'Cancel'?

  • window.showModalDialog()
  • prompt() (correct)
  • alert()
  • confirm()

What happens to script execution when a modal window, such as the one used by alert(), appears on the screen?

  • The script continues to execute but ignores the modal window.
  • The script encounters an error and stops execution.
  • Script execution is paused until the modal window is closed. (correct)
  • Script execution continues normally.

What is a common use case for checking if a variable is undefined in JavaScript?

<p>To determine if a variable has been declared but not assigned a value. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the return value of the prompt() function if the user cancels the dialog box by pressing the 'Cancel' button?

<p>null (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the correct way to explicitly convert the value false to a string in JavaScript?

<p>String(false) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using type conversion functions like String(), Number(), and Boolean() in JavaScript?

<p>To explicitly convert values to the desired data type when automatic conversion is not sufficient. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the following JavaScript expression: true || false || null?

<p>true (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be the output of the following JavaScript code?

console.log(undefined || 'hello' || null);

<p>hello (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a valid example of short-circuiting in JavaScript?

<p>false || console.log('Printed'); (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the JavaScript expression: 0 && 1 && null && 5, what value is returned?

<p>0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ! operator in Javascript?

<p>To convert a value to a boolean and return its inverse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the behavior of the && operator in Javascript?

<p>Returns the first falsy value. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of applying the double negation operator (!!) to the value 'hello'?

<p>true (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the following code, what is the value of result?

let result = '' || 'hello' || null;

<p>hello (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the following JavaScript expression: Number('3.14')?

<p>3.14 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following values are considered 'falsy' in JavaScript?

<p>0, null, undefined, NaN (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the following JavaScript expression: Boolean(' ')?

<p>true (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the output of the following JavaScript code: let x = 5; x *= 2; console.log(x);?

<p>10 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following expressions demonstrates the use of the exponentiation operator in JavaScript?

<p>x ** 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the following JavaScript code snippet: let y = 10; y--; console.log(y);?

<p>9 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between ++x (prefix increment) and x++ (postfix increment)?

<p>Prefix increments before returning the value, postfix increments after. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'remainder' operator (%) in JavaScript?

<p>To determine the remainder after integer division. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the output of the following code snippet?

for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
  console.log(i);
}
console.log(i);

<p>0 1 2 i is not defined (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following code snippets represents an infinite loop?

<pre><code class="language-javascript">for (;;) { console.log('Runs forever!'); } ``` (A) </code></pre> Signup and view all the answers

In a for loop, what is the purpose of the step part (third section)?

<p>It increments or decrements the counter variable after each iteration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these loops is ideal for situations where the loop body must execute at least once, regardless of the initial condition?

<p>do... while loop (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the variable scope in a for loop is TRUE?

<p>Variables declared inside the loop are not accessible outside the loop. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of 'Glow' > 'Glee'?

<p>true (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of x after the following code executes: let x = 5; x++;?

<p>6 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the precedence of the increment/decrement operator?

<p>It has higher precedence than most arithmetic operators, but lower than assignment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following expressions will return true?

<p>null == undefined (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the following code snippet: let x = 10; let y = x++ + 5;?

<p>15 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options demonstrates a best practice for comparing values in JavaScript?

<p>Use === to ensure type-safe comparisons, and avoid using ==. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you use the ternary operator to execute code based on a condition without assigning a value?

<p>By directly executing code within the ternary operator's conditional block. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the following code snippet do? let result = condition ? value1 : value2;?

<p>It assigns the value of <code>value1</code> to <code>result</code> if <code>condition</code> is true, otherwise it assigns the value of <code>value2</code> to <code>result</code>. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be the output of the following line of JavaScript code: console.log(!!'hello');

<p>true (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the expression true || false && false, which operator is evaluated first, based on operator precedence?

<p>&amp;&amp; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the !! operator in JavaScript?

<p>To convert any value to its boolean equivalent (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about JavaScript loops is incorrect?

<p>The body of a <code>while</code> loop is executed before the condition is checked. (C), All three loops (while, do...while, for) are equivalent in functionality. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the following code snippet, how many times will the loop execute?

let i = 0;
while (i < 3) {
console.log(i);
i++;
}

<p>3 times (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a while loop and a do…while loop in JavaScript?

<p>The <code>while</code> loop checks the condition before each iteration, while the <code>do…while</code> loop checks it after. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the code: for (let i = 1; i < 5; i += 2) { console.log(i); }, what will be the output?

<p>1, 3, 5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements about JavaScript loops is true?

<p>A <code>for</code> loop can be used to iterate a specific number of times. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the JavaScript expression Boolean(' ')?

<p>true (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the JavaScript typeof operator?

<p>To determine the data type of a variable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes the behavior of the prompt() function in JavaScript?

<p>It displays a modal window with an input field and returns the value entered by the user, or <code>null</code> if the user cancels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a modal window, like the one used by alert(), appears in a browser, what happens to the execution of JavaScript code?

<p>Execution continues, but the modal window blocks further interaction with the webpage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the alert() and confirm() functions in JavaScript?

<p>The <code>alert()</code> function displays a simple message, while <code>confirm()</code> presents a message with 'OK' and 'Cancel' buttons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key point to remember about modal windows in JavaScript?

<p>They pause script execution and block interaction with the page until dismissed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using type conversion functions, such as String() and Number(), in JavaScript?

<p>To explicitly convert a value from one data type to another, when JavaScript's automatic conversion is not sufficient. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a valid example demonstrating JavaScript's automatic type conversion?

<p>Using the <code>typeof</code> operator to determine the data type of a variable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the following JavaScript expression: String(false)?

<p>'false' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding variable scope within a for loop is TRUE?

<p>Variables declared inside a for loop are only accessible within the loop's block. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between a while loop and a do...while loop?

<p>A <code>do...while</code> loop always executes at least once, while a <code>while</code> loop may not execute if the condition is initially false. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a for loop, what does the step part (third section) primarily control?

<p>It determines the increment or decrement of the loop's counter variable after each iteration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about infinite loops is FALSE?

<p>An infinite loop is typically a desired outcome during program execution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the following code: for (let i = 1; i < 5; i += 2) { console.log(i); }, what will be the output?

<p>1 3 5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of JavaScript logical operators, which of the following statements accurately describes the behavior of the OR operator (||)?

<p>It returns the first truthy value encountered. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using the !! operator (double NOT) in JavaScript?

<p>To explicitly convert any value into a boolean. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the short-circuiting behavior of the AND operator (&&) in JavaScript?

<p>It stops execution and returns the first falsy value encountered. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the JavaScript expression null || 'Hello' || 0, what is the resulting value?

<p>'Hello' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Assuming you have a variable called age which holds an integer value, which of the following JavaScript code snippets would you use to set a status variable to 'Adult' if the age is 18 or greater, and 'Child' otherwise?

<p>if (age &gt;= 18) { status = 'Adult'; } else { status = 'Child'; } (B), let status = age &gt;= 18 ? 'Adult' : 'Child'; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the else if construct in JavaScript?

<p>To execute a block of code only if the previous <code>if</code> condition was false and the current <code>else if</code> condition is true. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does short-circuiting refer to in the context of JavaScript logical operators?

<p>The phenomenon of a logical operator skipping evaluation of certain operands based on the result of earlier operands. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the following JavaScript code snippet, what will be the value of result?

let result = true && 0 && 'hello';

<p>0 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be the value of x after this code runs? const x = 10; x = 20;

<p>An error is thrown (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct syntax to define a constant representing the value of Pi in JavaScript?

<p><code>const PI = 3.14159</code> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would be considered a good practice for using variables in JavaScript?

<p>Giving variables descriptive names that reflect their purpose. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which data type in JavaScript represents a number with decimal places?

<p>Float (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the NaN value in JavaScript?

<p>It represents a computational error. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly represents a string in JavaScript?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the null and undefined values in JavaScript?

<p><code>null</code> represents an intentional absence, while <code>undefined</code> means a variable has not been assigned a value. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the typeof operator in JavaScript?

<p>It returns the type of a value or variable as a string. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the following JavaScript expression: 'Glow' > 'Glee'?

<p>true (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following expressions demonstrating the use of ++ or -- will return the original value of the variable before the increment or decrement happens?

<p>x-- (B), x++ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In JavaScript, null == undefined evaluates to true. What about null === undefined?

<p>false (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

alert function

Displays a message in a modal window and waits for the user to press 'OK'.

prompt function

Shows a modal window with a message and an input box for user entry, returning the input or null.

confirm function

Displays a question in a modal with 'OK' and 'Cancel' options, returning true or false based on user choice.

modal window

A window that pauses script execution and blocks interaction with the rest of the page until dismissed.

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String conversion

The process of converting a value to a string format, often done automatically in JavaScript.

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Type conversions

JavaScript automatically converts values to required types but sometimes needs explicit conversion.

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false to string

When converted to a string, false becomes 'false' in JavaScript.

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null to string

When converted to a string, null becomes 'null' in JavaScript.

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Numeric Conversion

The process of converting a value to a number, done automatically during math operations or explicitly with Number(value).

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Boolean Conversion

A method to convert values to boolean values, using Boolean(value) in logical operations.

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Falsy values

Values in JavaScript that evaluate to false: 0, null, undefined, NaN, and empty string.

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Remainder Operator (%)

Returns the remainder of an integer division, used for modulus operations.

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Exponentiation Operator (**)

Raises a number to the power of another number, effectively calculating powers and roots.

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Increment Operator (++)

Increases a variable by 1, with prefix and postfix versions having different return values.

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Assignment Operator (=)

Assigns a value to a variable and returns that value, can also be chained.

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if statement

A control structure that executes code based on a condition: if (condition) {...}.

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else statement

Follows an if statement to execute code when the condition is false: else {...}.

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Increment/Decrement Precedence

Increment (++) and decrement (--) operations have higher precedence than most arithmetic operators.

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else if statement

Checks a new condition if the previous if condition is false: else if (condition) {...}.

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String Concatenation

The + operator joins two strings when one operand is a string.

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Ternary Operator

A shorthand for if-else: condition ? value1 : value2.

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Arithmetic Operators Behavior

Operators like -, *, and / convert operands to numbers for calculations.

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Chaining with Ternary

Multiple conditions evaluated in a sequence: condition1 ? value1 : condition2 ? value2 : defaultValue.

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Strict Equality (===)

Strict equality checks equality without type conversion, ensuring both type and value match.

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Logical OR (||)

Returns the first truthy value or the last falsy: value1 || value2.

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Null and Undefined Comparisons

null == undefined is true, but null === undefined is false; both behave differently in comparisons.

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Logical AND (&&)

Returns the first falsy value or the last truthy value: value1 && value2.

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Chaining Ternary Operators

Multiple conditions can be evaluated using chained ternary operators for concise logic.

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Logical NOT (!)

Inverts a boolean value: !value converts it to its opposite.

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Best Practices with Curly Braces

Using curly braces {} with if statements enhances readability, even for single lines.

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Truthy Values

Values that evaluate to true in a boolean context, such as non-empty strings and numbers other than 0.

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Short-Circuiting

A feature where evaluation stops as soon as the result is determined in a logical operation.

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Operator Precedence

The order in which operations are evaluated: NOT (!), AND (&&), OR (||), from highest to lowest.

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While Loop

A loop that continues executing while the condition remains truthy; checked before each iteration.

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Do...While Loop

A loop that executes its body at least once and checks its condition afterward for further iterations.

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For Loop

A loop with three parts: initialization, condition, and update, often used for known iterations.

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Variable Scope in for Loop

A variable declared inside a for loop is not accessible outside it, while one declared outside remains accessible.

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Omitting Initialization in for Loop

You can start a for loop without the initialization part, allowing you to control it from outside.

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Omitting Update in for Loop

You can skip the update step in the for loop, but must manually control the loop variable inside.

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Infinite for Loop

An infinite loop occurs when all parts of the for loop are omitted, causing it to run forever.

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while vs do...while vs for

Use while for unknown iterations, do...while for at least one execution, and for when iterations are known.

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Naming Variables

Name variables descriptively and follow naming conventions.

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Constants (const)

Constants cannot be reassigned after their initial assignment.

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Dynamically Typed

JavaScript allows variables to change types freely.

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Infinity

Infinity represents mathematical infinity (∞) in JavaScript.

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NaN

NaN stands for 'Not a Number', indicating a computational error.

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Boolean Type

The boolean type has two possible values: true and false.

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Null Value

The null value represents 'nothing' or 'unknown' in JavaScript.

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Undefined Value

An undefined value means 'no value assigned' to a variable.

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Returning from prompt

Returns the user's text input if 'OK' is pressed, or null if 'Cancel' is chosen.

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boolean from confirm

Returns true for 'OK' and false for 'Cancel' from the confirm function.

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Modify-in-Place

Using operators like +=, -=, *= for concise coding.

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Prefix Increment

++x increases x by 1 and returns the new value.

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Postfix Increment

x++ increases x by 1 but returns the old value.

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Strict Equality

=== checks for both value and type without conversion.

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Null and Undefined Behavior

null == undefined is true, but null === undefined is false.

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Best Practices for If Statements

Always use curly braces {} for improved readability.

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Comparisons with Strings

When comparing strings, the longer string is greater if case-sensitive.

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Numeric Conversion Rules

Rules that define how various values convert to numbers: undefined to NaN, null to 0, true to 1, and false to 0.

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Chaining Assignments

Multiple assignments can be chained, like a = b = c, giving c to a and b.

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Logical Operators

Operators in JavaScript used to perform logical operations: OR, AND, NOT.

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Study Notes

JavaScript in HTML

  • JavaScript code can be embedded within HTML using the <script> tag.
  • Code within <script> tags is executed automatically by the browser.
  • Modern HTML does not require the type or language attributes for the <script> tag.
  • External JavaScript files can be linked using the src attribute.
  • This improves page load speed through caching and separates JavaScript logic from HTML.
  • A <script> tag cannot include both an src attribute and internal code; internal code is ignored if src is present.

JavaScript Variables

  • Variables are named storage locations for data.
  • The let keyword is used to declare variables.
  • Assign values using the assignment operator =.
  • Variables can be declared and assigned in a single line, e.g., let message = 'Hello'.

Variable Naming Rules

  • Variable names contain letters (a-z, A-Z), numbers (0-9), and the symbols $ and _.
  • Variable names cannot start with a number.
  • Examples of valid variable names: userName, test123, $, _2.
  • Examples of invalid variable names: 1a, my-name.

Constants

  • Use the const keyword to declare a constant variable.
  • Constant values are known before execution.
  • Uppercase names are often used for constants.
  • Attempting to reassign a constant results in an error.

Variable Naming Best Practices

  • Choose human-readable names.
  • Avoid abbreviations unless obvious.
  • Keep names descriptive and concise.
  • Good examples: userName, productPrice.
  • Bad examples: a, val.

Data Types in JavaScript

  • JavaScript values have types like strings, numbers, Booleans, and others.
  • JavaScript is dynamically typed; variables can change types.
  • typeof operator returns the type of a value as a string.
  • Number type includes integers and floating-point numbers.
  • Special numbers include Infinity, -Infinity, and NaN (Not a Number).

String Type

  • Strings are enclosed in single, double, or backticks.
  • Backticks allow embedded expressions using ${...}.

Boolean Type

  • Boolean type has two values: true and false.
  • Often used for comparisons like 4 > 1, which returns true.

Null and Undefined Values

  • null represents "nothing".
  • undefined means a variable has been declared but not assigned a value.
  • null is an object, but undefined is not and null == undefined is true whereas null === undefined evaluates to false.

JavaScript Operators

  • typeof operator returns the data type of a variable.

Interaction Methods

  • alert() displays a message in a modal window.
  • prompt() displays a modal window with input fields.
  • confirm() displays a modal window with "OK" and "Cancel" buttons.

Type Conversion

  • JavaScript automatically converts data types in many cases.
  • Functions such as String(), Number(), or Boolean() can be used for explicit type conversion.

Math Operators

  • JavaScript performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, remainder operation, and exponentiation using standard operators (e.g., +, -, *, /, %, **).

Assignment Operator

  • The assignment operator (=) assigns a value to a variable.

Increment and Decrement Operators

  • Increment (++) and decrement (--) operators increase or decrease a variable.
  • Prefix ++x returns the new value and post fix x++ returns the old value before the increment happens

Comparison Operators

  • These operators compare values and return true or false.
  • Common operators include >, <, >=, <=, ==, !=, ===, and !==.

The if Statement

  • Used to execute code conditionally based on a condition.
  • Boolean conversion takes place inside if statements.

else and else if for condition handling

  • Used to handle cases of false conditions.

Conditional (ternary) Operator

  • Shorthand for if-else for simple conditions.

Logical Operators

  • && (AND), || (OR), and ! (NOT) perform logical operations.
  • || returns the first truthy value.
  • && returns the first falsy value.
  • ! negates the boolean value.

Loops

  • while loops repeat code while a condition is true.
  • do...while loops execute code at least once then continue.
  • for loops are used for a known number of iterations.

Variable Scope

  • Variables declared within a loop are not accessible outside the loop.
  • Global variables remain accessible after the loop.

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