Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the return value of the confirm()
function when the user clicks the 'Cancel' button in the modal window?
What is the return value of the confirm()
function when the user clicks the 'Cancel' button in the modal window?
- undefined
- false (correct)
- null
- true
Which of the following functions is used to display a message in a modal window with an input field and buttons for 'OK' and 'Cancel'?
Which of the following functions is used to display a message in a modal window with an input field and buttons for 'OK' and 'Cancel'?
- window.showModalDialog()
- prompt() (correct)
- alert()
- confirm()
What happens to script execution when a modal window, such as the one used by alert()
, appears on the screen?
What happens to script execution when a modal window, such as the one used by alert()
, appears on the screen?
- The script continues to execute but ignores the modal window.
- The script encounters an error and stops execution.
- Script execution is paused until the modal window is closed. (correct)
- Script execution continues normally.
What is a common use case for checking if a variable is undefined
in JavaScript?
What is a common use case for checking if a variable is undefined
in JavaScript?
What is the return value of the prompt()
function if the user cancels the dialog box by pressing the 'Cancel' button?
What is the return value of the prompt()
function if the user cancels the dialog box by pressing the 'Cancel' button?
Which of the following represents the correct way to explicitly convert the value false
to a string in JavaScript?
Which of the following represents the correct way to explicitly convert the value false
to a string in JavaScript?
What is the primary purpose of using type conversion functions like String()
, Number()
, and Boolean()
in JavaScript?
What is the primary purpose of using type conversion functions like String()
, Number()
, and Boolean()
in JavaScript?
What is the result of the following JavaScript expression: true || false || null
?
What is the result of the following JavaScript expression: true || false || null
?
What will be the output of the following JavaScript code?
console.log(undefined || 'hello' || null);
What will be the output of the following JavaScript code?
console.log(undefined || 'hello' || null);
Which of the following is NOT a valid example of short-circuiting in JavaScript?
Which of the following is NOT a valid example of short-circuiting in JavaScript?
In the JavaScript expression: 0 && 1 && null && 5
, what value is returned?
In the JavaScript expression: 0 && 1 && null && 5
, what value is returned?
What is the purpose of the !
operator in Javascript?
What is the purpose of the !
operator in Javascript?
Which of the following correctly describes the behavior of the &&
operator in Javascript?
Which of the following correctly describes the behavior of the &&
operator in Javascript?
What is the result of applying the double negation operator (!!) to the value 'hello'
?
What is the result of applying the double negation operator (!!) to the value 'hello'
?
Given the following code, what is the value of result
?
let result = '' || 'hello' || null;
Given the following code, what is the value of result
?
let result = '' || 'hello' || null;
What is the result of the following JavaScript expression: Number('3.14')
?
What is the result of the following JavaScript expression: Number('3.14')
?
Which of the following values are considered 'falsy' in JavaScript?
Which of the following values are considered 'falsy' in JavaScript?
What is the result of the following JavaScript expression: Boolean(' ')
?
What is the result of the following JavaScript expression: Boolean(' ')
?
What is the output of the following JavaScript code: let x = 5; x *= 2; console.log(x);
?
What is the output of the following JavaScript code: let x = 5; x *= 2; console.log(x);
?
Which of the following expressions demonstrates the use of the exponentiation operator in JavaScript?
Which of the following expressions demonstrates the use of the exponentiation operator in JavaScript?
What is the result of the following JavaScript code snippet: let y = 10; y--; console.log(y);
?
What is the result of the following JavaScript code snippet: let y = 10; y--; console.log(y);
?
What is the difference between ++x
(prefix increment) and x++
(postfix increment)?
What is the difference between ++x
(prefix increment) and x++
(postfix increment)?
What is the purpose of the 'remainder' operator (%) in JavaScript?
What is the purpose of the 'remainder' operator (%) in JavaScript?
What is the output of the following code snippet?
for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
console.log(i);
}
console.log(i);
What is the output of the following code snippet?
for (let i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
console.log(i);
}
console.log(i);
Which of the following code snippets represents an infinite loop?
Which of the following code snippets represents an infinite loop?
In a for loop, what is the purpose of the step
part (third section)?
In a for loop, what is the purpose of the step
part (third section)?
Which of these loops is ideal for situations where the loop body must execute at least once, regardless of the initial condition?
Which of these loops is ideal for situations where the loop body must execute at least once, regardless of the initial condition?
Which statement about the variable scope in a for loop is TRUE?
Which statement about the variable scope in a for loop is TRUE?
What is the result of 'Glow' > 'Glee'
?
What is the result of 'Glow' > 'Glee'
?
What is the value of x
after the following code executes: let x = 5; x++;
?
What is the value of x
after the following code executes: let x = 5; x++;
?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the precedence of the increment/decrement operator?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the precedence of the increment/decrement operator?
Which of the following expressions will return true
?
Which of the following expressions will return true
?
What is the result of the following code snippet: let x = 10; let y = x++ + 5;
?
What is the result of the following code snippet: let x = 10; let y = x++ + 5;
?
Which of these options demonstrates a best practice for comparing values in JavaScript?
Which of these options demonstrates a best practice for comparing values in JavaScript?
How can you use the ternary operator to execute code based on a condition without assigning a value?
How can you use the ternary operator to execute code based on a condition without assigning a value?
What does the following code snippet do? let result = condition ? value1 : value2;
?
What does the following code snippet do? let result = condition ? value1 : value2;
?
What will be the output of the following line of JavaScript code: console.log(!!'hello');
What will be the output of the following line of JavaScript code: console.log(!!'hello');
In the expression true || false && false
, which operator is evaluated first, based on operator precedence?
In the expression true || false && false
, which operator is evaluated first, based on operator precedence?
What is the primary purpose of the !!
operator in JavaScript?
What is the primary purpose of the !!
operator in JavaScript?
Which of the following statements about JavaScript loops is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about JavaScript loops is incorrect?
In the following code snippet, how many times will the loop execute?
let i = 0;
while (i < 3) {
console.log(i);
i++;
}
In the following code snippet, how many times will the loop execute?
let i = 0;
while (i < 3) {
console.log(i);
i++;
}
What is the primary difference between a while
loop and a do…while
loop in JavaScript?
What is the primary difference between a while
loop and a do…while
loop in JavaScript?
Given the code: for (let i = 1; i < 5; i += 2) { console.log(i); }
, what will be the output?
Given the code: for (let i = 1; i < 5; i += 2) { console.log(i); }
, what will be the output?
Which of these statements about JavaScript loops is true?
Which of these statements about JavaScript loops is true?
What is the result of the JavaScript expression Boolean(' ')
?
What is the result of the JavaScript expression Boolean(' ')
?
What is the primary purpose of the JavaScript typeof
operator?
What is the primary purpose of the JavaScript typeof
operator?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the behavior of the prompt()
function in JavaScript?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the behavior of the prompt()
function in JavaScript?
When a modal window, like the one used by alert()
, appears in a browser, what happens to the execution of JavaScript code?
When a modal window, like the one used by alert()
, appears in a browser, what happens to the execution of JavaScript code?
What is the primary difference between the alert()
and confirm()
functions in JavaScript?
What is the primary difference between the alert()
and confirm()
functions in JavaScript?
Which of the following is a key point to remember about modal windows in JavaScript?
Which of the following is a key point to remember about modal windows in JavaScript?
What is the purpose of using type conversion functions, such as String()
and Number()
, in JavaScript?
What is the purpose of using type conversion functions, such as String()
and Number()
, in JavaScript?
Which of the following is NOT a valid example demonstrating JavaScript's automatic type conversion?
Which of the following is NOT a valid example demonstrating JavaScript's automatic type conversion?
What is the result of the following JavaScript expression: String(false)
?
What is the result of the following JavaScript expression: String(false)
?
Which of the following statements regarding variable scope within a for loop is TRUE?
Which of the following statements regarding variable scope within a for loop is TRUE?
What is a key difference between a while
loop and a do...while
loop?
What is a key difference between a while
loop and a do...while
loop?
In a for
loop, what does the step
part (third section) primarily control?
In a for
loop, what does the step
part (third section) primarily control?
Which of the following statements about infinite loops is FALSE?
Which of the following statements about infinite loops is FALSE?
Given the following code: for (let i = 1; i < 5; i += 2) { console.log(i); }
, what will be the output?
Given the following code: for (let i = 1; i < 5; i += 2) { console.log(i); }
, what will be the output?
In the context of JavaScript logical operators, which of the following statements accurately describes the behavior of the OR operator (||
)?
In the context of JavaScript logical operators, which of the following statements accurately describes the behavior of the OR operator (||
)?
What is the primary purpose of using the !!
operator (double NOT) in JavaScript?
What is the primary purpose of using the !!
operator (double NOT) in JavaScript?
Which of the following correctly describes the short-circuiting behavior of the AND operator (&&
) in JavaScript?
Which of the following correctly describes the short-circuiting behavior of the AND operator (&&
) in JavaScript?
Given the JavaScript expression null || 'Hello' || 0
, what is the resulting value?
Given the JavaScript expression null || 'Hello' || 0
, what is the resulting value?
Assuming you have a variable called age
which holds an integer value, which of the following JavaScript code snippets would you use to set a status
variable to 'Adult' if the age
is 18 or greater, and 'Child' otherwise?
Assuming you have a variable called age
which holds an integer value, which of the following JavaScript code snippets would you use to set a status
variable to 'Adult' if the age
is 18 or greater, and 'Child' otherwise?
What is the primary purpose of the else if
construct in JavaScript?
What is the primary purpose of the else if
construct in JavaScript?
What does short-circuiting refer to in the context of JavaScript logical operators?
What does short-circuiting refer to in the context of JavaScript logical operators?
In the following JavaScript code snippet, what will be the value of result
?
let result = true && 0 && 'hello';
In the following JavaScript code snippet, what will be the value of result
?
let result = true && 0 && 'hello';
What would be the value of x
after this code runs? const x = 10; x = 20;
What would be the value of x
after this code runs? const x = 10; x = 20;
What is the correct syntax to define a constant representing the value of Pi in JavaScript?
What is the correct syntax to define a constant representing the value of Pi in JavaScript?
Which of the following would be considered a good practice for using variables in JavaScript?
Which of the following would be considered a good practice for using variables in JavaScript?
Which data type in JavaScript represents a number with decimal places?
Which data type in JavaScript represents a number with decimal places?
What is the purpose of the NaN
value in JavaScript?
What is the purpose of the NaN
value in JavaScript?
Which of the following correctly represents a string in JavaScript?
Which of the following correctly represents a string in JavaScript?
What is the difference between the null
and undefined
values in JavaScript?
What is the difference between the null
and undefined
values in JavaScript?
What is the purpose of the typeof
operator in JavaScript?
What is the purpose of the typeof
operator in JavaScript?
What is the result of the following JavaScript expression: 'Glow' > 'Glee'
?
What is the result of the following JavaScript expression: 'Glow' > 'Glee'
?
Which of the following expressions demonstrating the use of ++
or --
will return the original value of the variable before the increment or decrement happens?
Which of the following expressions demonstrating the use of ++
or --
will return the original value of the variable before the increment or decrement happens?
In JavaScript, null == undefined
evaluates to true
. What about null === undefined
?
In JavaScript, null == undefined
evaluates to true
. What about null === undefined
?
Flashcards
alert function
alert function
Displays a message in a modal window and waits for the user to press 'OK'.
prompt function
prompt function
Shows a modal window with a message and an input box for user entry, returning the input or null.
confirm function
confirm function
Displays a question in a modal with 'OK' and 'Cancel' options, returning true or false based on user choice.
modal window
modal window
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String conversion
String conversion
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Type conversions
Type conversions
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false to string
false to string
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null to string
null to string
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Numeric Conversion
Numeric Conversion
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Boolean Conversion
Boolean Conversion
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Falsy values
Falsy values
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Remainder Operator (%)
Remainder Operator (%)
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Exponentiation Operator (**)
Exponentiation Operator (**)
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Increment Operator (++)
Increment Operator (++)
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Assignment Operator (=)
Assignment Operator (=)
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if statement
if statement
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else statement
else statement
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Increment/Decrement Precedence
Increment/Decrement Precedence
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else if statement
else if statement
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String Concatenation
String Concatenation
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Ternary Operator
Ternary Operator
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Arithmetic Operators Behavior
Arithmetic Operators Behavior
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Chaining with Ternary
Chaining with Ternary
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Strict Equality (===)
Strict Equality (===)
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Logical OR (||)
Logical OR (||)
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Null and Undefined Comparisons
Null and Undefined Comparisons
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Logical AND (&&)
Logical AND (&&)
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Chaining Ternary Operators
Chaining Ternary Operators
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Logical NOT (!)
Logical NOT (!)
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Best Practices with Curly Braces
Best Practices with Curly Braces
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Truthy Values
Truthy Values
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Short-Circuiting
Short-Circuiting
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Operator Precedence
Operator Precedence
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While Loop
While Loop
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Do...While Loop
Do...While Loop
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For Loop
For Loop
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Variable Scope in for Loop
Variable Scope in for Loop
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Omitting Initialization in for Loop
Omitting Initialization in for Loop
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Omitting Update in for Loop
Omitting Update in for Loop
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Infinite for Loop
Infinite for Loop
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while vs do...while vs for
while vs do...while vs for
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Naming Variables
Naming Variables
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Constants (const)
Constants (const)
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Dynamically Typed
Dynamically Typed
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Infinity
Infinity
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NaN
NaN
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Boolean Type
Boolean Type
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Null Value
Null Value
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Undefined Value
Undefined Value
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Returning from prompt
Returning from prompt
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boolean from confirm
boolean from confirm
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Modify-in-Place
Modify-in-Place
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Prefix Increment
Prefix Increment
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Postfix Increment
Postfix Increment
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Strict Equality
Strict Equality
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Null and Undefined Behavior
Null and Undefined Behavior
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Best Practices for If Statements
Best Practices for If Statements
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Comparisons with Strings
Comparisons with Strings
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Numeric Conversion Rules
Numeric Conversion Rules
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Chaining Assignments
Chaining Assignments
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Logical Operators
Logical Operators
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Study Notes
JavaScript in HTML
- JavaScript code can be embedded within HTML using the
<script>
tag. - Code within
<script>
tags is executed automatically by the browser. - Modern HTML does not require the
type
orlanguage
attributes for the<script>
tag. - External JavaScript files can be linked using the
src
attribute. - This improves page load speed through caching and separates JavaScript logic from HTML.
- A
<script>
tag cannot include both ansrc
attribute and internal code; internal code is ignored ifsrc
is present.
JavaScript Variables
- Variables are named storage locations for data.
- The
let
keyword is used to declare variables. - Assign values using the assignment operator
=
. - Variables can be declared and assigned in a single line, e.g.,
let message = 'Hello'
.
Variable Naming Rules
- Variable names contain letters (a-z, A-Z), numbers (0-9), and the symbols
$
and_
. - Variable names cannot start with a number.
- Examples of valid variable names:
userName
,test123
,$
,_2
. - Examples of invalid variable names:
1a
,my-name
.
Constants
- Use the
const
keyword to declare a constant variable. - Constant values are known before execution.
- Uppercase names are often used for constants.
- Attempting to reassign a constant results in an error.
Variable Naming Best Practices
- Choose human-readable names.
- Avoid abbreviations unless obvious.
- Keep names descriptive and concise.
- Good examples:
userName
,productPrice
. - Bad examples:
a
,val
.
Data Types in JavaScript
- JavaScript values have types like strings, numbers, Booleans, and others.
- JavaScript is dynamically typed; variables can change types.
typeof
operator returns the type of a value as a string.- Number type includes integers and floating-point numbers.
- Special numbers include
Infinity
,-Infinity
, andNaN
(Not a Number).
String Type
- Strings are enclosed in single, double, or backticks.
- Backticks allow embedded expressions using
${...}
.
Boolean Type
- Boolean type has two values:
true
andfalse
. - Often used for comparisons like
4 > 1
, which returnstrue
.
Null and Undefined Values
null
represents "nothing".undefined
means a variable has been declared but not assigned a value.null
is an object, butundefined
is not andnull
==undefined
is true whereasnull === undefined
evaluates to false.
JavaScript Operators
typeof
operator returns the data type of a variable.
Interaction Methods
alert()
displays a message in a modal window.prompt()
displays a modal window with input fields.confirm()
displays a modal window with "OK" and "Cancel" buttons.
Type Conversion
- JavaScript automatically converts data types in many cases.
- Functions such as
String()
,Number()
, orBoolean()
can be used for explicit type conversion.
Math Operators
- JavaScript performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, remainder operation, and exponentiation using standard operators (e.g., +, -, *, /, %, **).
Assignment Operator
- The assignment operator (=) assigns a value to a variable.
Increment and Decrement Operators
- Increment (
++
) and decrement (--
) operators increase or decrease a variable. - Prefix
++x
returns the new value and post fixx++
returns the old value before the increment happens
Comparison Operators
- These operators compare values and return
true
orfalse
. - Common operators include
>
,<
,>=
,<=
,==
,!=
,===
, and!==
.
The if Statement
- Used to execute code conditionally based on a condition.
- Boolean conversion takes place inside
if
statements.
else and else if for condition handling
- Used to handle cases of false conditions.
Conditional (ternary) Operator
- Shorthand for if-else for simple conditions.
Logical Operators
&&
(AND),||
(OR), and!
(NOT) perform logical operations.||
returns the first truthy value.&&
returns the first falsy value.!
negates the boolean value.
Loops
while
loops repeat code while a condition is true.do...while
loops execute code at least once then continue.for
loops are used for a known number of iterations.
Variable Scope
- Variables declared within a loop are not accessible outside the loop.
- Global variables remain accessible after the loop.
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