JavaScript Basics and Features

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements best describes the use of JavaScript in web development before and after its introduction?

  • Before JavaScript, both client-side and the server-side scripts contributed equally by causing slow response times, while after JavaScript, client-side scripting was eliminated.
  • Before JavaScript, both client-side and server-side scripts allowed for faster and more interactive web experiences, while after JavaScript, only server-side scripts were primarily used.
  • Before JavaScript, web pages primarily relied on server-side scripts, leading to slower response times, while JavaScript enabled faster, more interactive experiences directly in the browser. (correct)
  • Before JavaScript, web pages did not rely on scripting technologies while after JavaScript, web pages relied on server-side scripts.

Consider a scenario where you need to include JavaScript in an HTML document. You aim to ensure that the HTML content loads and renders as quickly as possible. Which placement strategy is generally considered best practice?

  • Inside the `<head>` section of the HTML document.
  • In an external JavaScript file included using the `<link>` tag in the `<head>` section.
  • Inside the `<body>` section of the HTML document to load scripts after content.
  • At the end of the `<body>` section, just before the closing tag. (correct)

Given the following JavaScript code snippet, what will be the output displayed in the console?

let str = "42";
let num = 8;
console.log(str + num);
console.log(parseInt(str) + num);

  • `50` followed by `50`
  • `50` followed by `428`
  • `428` followed by `428`
  • `428` followed by `50` (correct)

In JavaScript, how do let and const differ in declaring variables, and what implications does this have for variable assignment?

<p><code>let</code> allows reassignment of the variable's value, while <code>const</code> declares a constant whose value cannot be changed after initialization. (A)</p>
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What is function hoisting in JavaScript, and how does it affect different types of function declarations?

<p>Function hoisting allows function declarations to be called before they are defined, but not function expressions. (B)</p>
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In JavaScript, var is preferred over let and const for declaring variables due to its more modern features.

<p>False (B)</p>
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A JavaScript function is executed automatically when it is defined.

<p>False (B)</p>
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In JavaScript, String(42) and 42.toString() both convert the number 42 to the string '42'.

<p>True (A)</p>
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In JavaScript, parseInt() can parse strings containing alphabetic characters before the number, but ignores them if they appear after the number.

<p>False (B)</p>
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JavaScript's lexical scoping means that a variable's scope is determined when the function is called, not where it is defined.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Given a JavaScript object myObj, which of the following is the correct way to both access its property propertyName and call its method methodName?

<p><code>myObj.propertyName</code> and <code>myObj.methodName()</code> (A)</p>
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Which of the following is the most accurate description of how JavaScript handles the addition of new properties to an existing object?

<p>JavaScript objects are dynamic, allowing new properties to be added at any time simply by assigning a value to a new property name. (D)</p>
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What is the primary difference between creating a JavaScript String, Number, or Boolean object using the new keyword versus using a literal or direct value?

<p>Using <code>new</code> creates an object wrapper, while literals or direct values create primitive types. (C)</p>
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If today is a JavaScript Date object, which method would you use to extract the month as an index number (0-11)?

<p><code>today.getMonth()</code> (A)</p>
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What happens if you use new Array(10) in JavaScript, and why?

<p>It creates an empty array with a length of 10, but no elements are initialized, as JavaScript interprets the number as the desired length of the array. (A)</p>
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JavaScript objects can only store a single data type, such as numbers or strings, but not both within the same object.

<p>False (B)</p>
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In JavaScript, the delete operator can be used to remove properties from an object, but it will return an error if the property does not exist.

<p>False (B)</p>
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In JavaScript, when using the new Array(n) constructor with a single numeric argument, n represents the value of the first element in the array.

<p>False (B)</p>
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When creating a Date object in JavaScript, it is configured to capture the system's local time without any capacity to ensure accuracy to UTC or GMT.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Object methods are accessed and called by appending parentheses () after the object's property name.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Which of the following scenarios best illustrates how the continue statement alters the flow of a loop in JavaScript?

<p>The <code>continue</code> statement skips the rest of the current iteration and proceeds to the next iteration of the loop. (D)</p>
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Consider a situation where you need to execute a block of code at least once, and then continue executing it as long as a certain condition remains true. Which type of loop structure is most suitable for this purpose in JavaScript?

<p>A <code>do...while</code> loop. (C)</p>
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In the context of JavaScript control structures, what is the primary role of the break keyword within a switch statement?

<p>To terminate the <code>switch</code> statement, preventing further case evaluations. (C)</p>
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Under what condition will the code block inside a standard if statement in JavaScript be executed?

<p>When the specified condition evaluates to <code>true</code>. (B)</p>
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How does a for loop's 'modifier' component primarily contribute to the loop's overall behavior in JavaScript?

<p>It updates a value in the test condition, which ensures that, eventually, the condition will evaluate to false and terminate it. (A)</p>
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In a switch statement, omitting the break statement will prevent the next case from being executed, regardless of whether its evaluation matches the expression.

<p>False (B)</p>
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The primary difference between a while loop and a do...while loop is that the while loop always executes its code block at least once.

<p>False (B)</p>
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A for loop must always include an initializer, a condition, and a modifier to control its execution flow.

<p>True (A)</p>
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The continue statement, when encountered within a loop, terminates the loop entirely and transfers control to the statement immediately following the loop.

<p>False (B)</p>
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In an if...else if...else If statement, multiple else if blocks can be used to test different conditions, allowing for multiple possible execution paths depending on which condition is met.

<p>True (A)</p>
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Flashcards

What is JavaScript?

A programming language embedded in web browsers that enables client-side scripting, enhancing web page responsiveness.

JavaScript Language Basics

Syntax, keywords, operators and built-in objects form the foundation of JavaScript programming.

What is a Variable?

A container used to store and retrieve data. Can be declared automatically or with the 'var', 'let', or 'const' keywords.

JavaScript Function

A block of code designed to perform a specific task, which returns a final result.

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Scope in JavaScript

Determines the accessibility of variables in a script, which can either be local or global.

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Inline JavaScript

To include JavaScript code directly in an HTML document it must be inserted between <script> tags.

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JavaScript Statement

A series of instructions executed in order by the browser's JavaScript engine.

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Keywords in JavaScript

Words with special meaning that perform specific actions in JavaScript.

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JavaScript lexical scope

A function's reach; determines where variables can be used.

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Self-invoking functions

A way to execute code when the script loads.

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What is an Object?

A way to store multiple pieces of related data in a structured format, acting as a container that groups different information together.

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Attributes (Properties)

Describe the characteristics of an object, such as color, brand, and speed for a Car object.

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Behaviors (Methods)

Define actions that an object can perform. For example, a Car object can start, stop, and accelerate.

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Accessing Object Properties

Reference object property values using dot notation or bracket notation.

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Extending Objects

Objects in JavaScript are dynamic, allowing addition, modification, and removal of properties at any time.

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What is an Array?

A built-in JavaScript object that stores multiple values in a single variable, using an array literal for easy creation.

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What is a Loop?

A programming construct that repeats coded instructions many times, useful for efficiently populating arrays, even with large datasets.

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What is the Date Object?

Represents date, time, and timezone information.

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getFullYear()

Provides methods to extract year as four digits (yyyy).

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getHours()

Provides methods to extract the hours from 0-23.

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What are Control Structures?

Control structures determine the execution flow of a program.

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Branch If Statement

The if statement checks a condition; executes code only if true.

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Extending If with Else

Extends the if statement, providing an alternative path if the condition is false.

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Switch Statement

Used to perform different actions based on different conditions

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While Loop Definition

Executes code repeatedly as long as a condition remains true, evaluating before executing.

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Do-While Loop

A loop that executes a block of code once before checking the condition; repeats if true.

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Loop Condition

An expression evaluated before each loop iteration; if true, statements execute.

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Loop Modifier

A statement that updates a value in the test condition of a loop.

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Break Keyword

Keyword to exit a loop when a condition is met.

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Switch statement operation

Expression is evaluated once, values from each case are compared, if a match occurs the case is executed otherwise default.

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Study Notes

Managing Script Flow

  • Control structures determine the execution flow of a program, they also allow conditional execution and looping.
  • Control structures are essential for efficient coding and logic building, as they enable decision-making and repetitive execution.

Branching with 'If' Statements

  • An if statement is used to evaluate a condition and execute a block of code only if that condition is true.
  • Syntax:
if (condition) {
  // Code to execute if the condition is true
}
  • Example:
if (hour < 18) {
  greeting = "Good day";
}
  • The if statement evaluates a condition, if the condition is true the code executes

Alternatives to 'If' Branching

  • The if...else statement extends the if statement, it adds an extra execution path used when the condition is false.
  • Syntax:
if (condition) {
  // Code to execute if the condition is true
} else {
  // Code to execute if the condition is false
}
  • Example:
if (hour < 18) {
  greeting = "Good day";
} else {
  greeting = "Good evening";
}
  • The if...else statement extends the if statement to add an alternative execution path when the condition is false
  • Multiple conditional tests can be performed by using else if to create a chain of conditions.
  • Syntax:
if (condition) {
  // Code to execute if the condition is true
} else if (condition) {
  // Code to execute if the condition is false
}
  • Example:
if (hour < 18) {
 greeting = "Good day";
} else if (hour < 24) {
 greeting = "Good evening";
}
  • Multiple branches can be provided by making subsequent conditional if tests at the start of each else statement block.

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