Java Programming Basics Quiz

Chapter 2: Introduction to Java Programming

• Chapter 2 introduces Java programming concepts building on knowledge from Chapter 1
• Different programming languages, basic object-technology concepts, a typical Java program-development environment, and output statements were covered in Chapter 1
• Specific learning objectives for Chapter 2 are listed including input, memory, arithmetic, assignment, increment/decrement operators, primitive datatypes, logical and selection/repetition statements

Chapter 2 Objectives

• Students will learn to use different input statements
• Learn basic memory concepts (variables) and arithmetic operators
• Use compound assignment, increment/decrement operations
• Understand Java's primitive data types
• Employ logical and selection operators (if, if...else, switch)
• Learn repetition statements (for, while, do...while, break, continue)

Chapter 2 Content

• Input statements, memory concepts, arithmetic operators, decision making (equality and relational operators), and control structures are covered
• Under control structure
  • Selection statements
    • If-single selection statement
    • If...else double selection statement
    • Switch multiple selection statement
  • Repetition statements(looping statements)
    • for
    • while
    • do...while
    • break and continue

Chapter 2 Content (Cont.)

• Compound assignment operators, increment and decrement operators, primitive types, and logical operators are covered

Input Statements

• Integers are whole numbers (e.g., -22, 7, 0, 1024)
• Programs use variables to store and access data in computer memory
• Figure 2.7 demonstrates integer variable concepts

Input Statements (cont.)

• import declaration helps the compiler locate a class.
• Classes are organized into packages (parts of the Java Application Programming Interface or Java API)
• Import declarations identify predefined classes used in a Java program
• Variable declaration statements, such as "int number1; //first number to add", indicate variable names and types (e.g., integer).
• A variable is a location in memory to store data. Variables must be declared before use.
• A variable's name is used to access its value. Variable names must be valid identifiers.
• Data types specify the kind of information stored in a variable's location in memory.
• Scanner enables programs to read data from keyboard or files.
• System.in is a standard input object.
• A Scanner object converts bytes into usable data types

Input Statements (Cont.)

• Prompt: an output statement directing a user to a specific action (e.g., asking the user to "Enter first integer:")
• System is a class in the java.lang package; the class does not need an import declaration.
• Scanner.nextInt() method reads an integer from the user input
• The result of a method call is placed into a variable using the assignment operator (=)
• Arithmetic expressions inside statements are evaluated before assignment

Input Statements (Cont.)

• Integer formatted output: uses System.out.printf to display output (e.g., "Sum is %d\n", sum).
• The format specifier %d is for integer values.
• Additional types that can be read use specific next methods (e.g. nextBoolean(), nextByte(), etc)

Memory Concepts

• Variables have a name, type, size (bytes), and value.
• When a new value is assigned to a variable, the previous value is replaced.

Arithmetic Operators

• Arithmetic operators (e.g., +, -, *, /, %) operate on operands.
• Integer division truncates the fractional part.
• The remainder operator (%) returns the remainder

Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators

• Condition: an expression that evaluates to true or false
• if statement: allows conditional actions based on conditions
• Equality Operators: (==, !=) check for equality and inequality
• Relational Operators: (>, <, >=, <=) check for relative order

Selection Statements (if, if…else, switch)

• The if statement executes a block of code if a condition is true, otherwise skips the block.
• if..else executes one block if the condition is true, and a different block if the condition is false.
• switch statement matches a value to cases; each case can have multiple related statements.

Repetition Statements (for, while, do-while)

• Repetition statements (loops) repeat blocks of code until a condition is met
• for: repeats actions a predetermined number of times. The loop has an initialization, condition, and increment operation for the counter variable.
• while: repeats actions as long as a condition is true.
• do…while: repeats actions at least once, and then continues as long as the condition is true.

Compound Assignment Operators

Compound assignment operators (e.g., +=, -=, *=, /=, %=), abbreviate expressions

Increment and Decrement Operators

• Unary increment (++), unary decrement (--).
• Prefix (++) and postfix (++) increment a variable

Primitive Types

• Java requires all variable types
• Instance variables of primitive types (e.g., char, byte, short, int, long, float, double) have default values.
• boolean variables have default value false
• Variables of reference types have default value of null

Test your knowledge of fundamental concepts in Java programming with this quiz. It covers selection statements, arithmetic operators, control structures, and data types. Perfect for beginners and those looking to refresh their understanding of Java.