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Questions and Answers
Which relationship is represented by a class using another object, but without any ownership?
Which relationship is represented by a class using another object, but without any ownership?
What kind of relationship is depicted in the example: A "Car" class has a "Engine" class, but the "Engine" can exist independently of the "Car"?
What kind of relationship is depicted in the example: A "Car" class has a "Engine" class, but the "Engine" can exist independently of the "Car"?
Which relationship suggests an "owns-a" connection between classes?
Which relationship suggests an "owns-a" connection between classes?
Which relationship type is indicated when one class simply utilizes methods from another class without maintaining ownership?
Which relationship type is indicated when one class simply utilizes methods from another class without maintaining ownership?
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Which of these relationships describes a "has-a" connection between classes, allowing the parts to exist independently?
Which of these relationships describes a "has-a" connection between classes, allowing the parts to exist independently?
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What is the purpose of the 'abs(x)' method in Java?
What is the purpose of the 'abs(x)' method in Java?
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What is the primary function of Access Modifiers in Java?
What is the primary function of Access Modifiers in Java?
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the purpose of 'Composition' in Java?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the purpose of 'Composition' in Java?
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What is the difference between a 'class' and a 'method' in Java?
What is the difference between a 'class' and a 'method' in Java?
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What is the primary purpose of Java Modifiers?
What is the primary purpose of Java Modifiers?
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What is the base case of the recursion method described in the algorithm?
What is the base case of the recursion method described in the algorithm?
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Which equation represents the recursive step of the algorithm?
Which equation represents the recursive step of the algorithm?
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What would be the result of the method if n is negative?
What would be the result of the method if n is negative?
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Why is this recursion method potentially less efficient than an iterative approach?
Why is this recursion method potentially less efficient than an iterative approach?
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What will the output of the recursion method be if x = 2 and n = 3?
What will the output of the recursion method be if x = 2 and n = 3?
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What does the problem space refer to in an Object Oriented Approach?
What does the problem space refer to in an Object Oriented Approach?
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How does Object Oriented Programming (OOP) help in understanding problems?
How does Object Oriented Programming (OOP) help in understanding problems?
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What is the relationship between the problem space and the solution space in an Object Oriented Approach?
What is the relationship between the problem space and the solution space in an Object Oriented Approach?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the problem and solution spaces?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the problem and solution spaces?
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What is the purpose of the Java String pool?
What is the purpose of the Java String pool?
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Where are the strings in the Java String pool stored?
Where are the strings in the Java String pool stored?
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Which of the following best characterizes the perspective of OOP towards problems?
Which of the following best characterizes the perspective of OOP towards problems?
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What happens when a new string is declared in Java?
What happens when a new string is declared in Java?
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How does the JVM handle duplicate strings in the String pool?
How does the JVM handle duplicate strings in the String pool?
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What is one advantage of using the String pool in Java?
What is one advantage of using the String pool in Java?
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What is a defining characteristic of a static variable in Java?
What is a defining characteristic of a static variable in Java?
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Which of the following is a common use for static variables?
Which of the following is a common use for static variables?
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In which scenario would a static variable NOT be appropriate?
In which scenario would a static variable NOT be appropriate?
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How can a static variable in Java be accessed?
How can a static variable in Java be accessed?
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What is the primary benefit of using static variables in a class?
What is the primary benefit of using static variables in a class?
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Study Notes
Object Oriented Programming (OOP) Course Notes
- The course is titled "Object Oriented Programming" (OOP)
- The course is taught at the Arab International University (AIU)
- Recommended textbook: Java How to Program by Deitel & Deitel, 9th edition (6th+ editions also acceptable)
Lecture 1 Outline
- History of OOP
- Concept of Object Oriented Programming
- Object Oriented Approach
- Object & Classes
- Some of OOP Languages
- Java Language
History of OOP
- Alan Kay is considered one of the fathers of OOP
- The concept draws inspiration from biological cells
Concept of Object Oriented Programming
- OOP is a programming paradigm that uses objects and their interactions to design applications
- It's an approach to program organization and development
Object Oriented Approach
- It involves establishing an association between problem space and solution space
- Problem space: the area where the problem exists (e.g., a business)
- Solution space: the area of implementation (e.g., a computer)
Object & Classes
- OOP allows decomposition, creating objects and building attributes (data/variables) and methods (functions) around them
- A class is a template from which many objects can be created
- An object is an instance of a class
- OOP programs create many different objects from templates known as Classes
- Classes are types of objects
Some of OOP Languages
- C++
- Microsoft's Visual Basic
- Java
- C# (derived from C++ and Java, designed for integrating the internet and web into computer applications)
Java Language
- Java is a popular object-oriented programming language
- It's used for mobile apps (especially Android), desktop applications, web applications, and games, database connections, and much more
- Java is platform-independent ("write once, run anywhere")
- This is achieved by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) translating source code to bytecodes to run on diverse computer systems and devices
- Java programs use two compilation processes
- Source code is translated into bytecodes
- During execution, bytecodes are translated into machine language for the computing device
Lecture 2 Outline
- Basic Structure of Java programs
- Java Classes/Objects
- Java Class Attributes
- Java constructor
- Java Packages
- Java Data Types
- Java Operators
- Java I/O
Basic Structure of Java Programs
- Every Java program consists of at least one class
- Every line of code that runs in Java must be inside a class
- The keyword
classintroduces a class declaration followed by the class name - The naming convention for Java files must match the class name followed by
.java
Java Classes/Objects
- To create a class in Java, use the keyword
class - To create an object of a class, use the keyword
new
Java Class Attributes (Variables)
- Class attributes are variables within a class
- Attributes can be accessed using objects and the dot syntax (.)
- Attributes can be assigned/modified, and their values can be printed
Java Constructor
- A constructor in Java is a special method used to initialize objects
- The constructor name matches the class name
- It does not have a return type
- Constructors are called when an object is created
Java Packages
- Packages group related classes
- The Java API (Application Programming Interface) is a library of pre-written classes divided into packages and classes
- Java uses the
importkeyword to access classes/packages from the library - Single classes or entire packages can be imported
Java Data Types
- Primitive datatypes:
byte,short,int,long,float,double,boolean,char - Non-primitive datatypes:
String, arrays, classes
Java Operators
- Arithmetic operators (
+,-,*,/,%,++,--) perform mathematical operations. - Assignment operators (
=,+=,-=,*=,/=,%=) assign/modify values. - Comparison operators (
==,!=,>,<,>=,<=) compare values. - Logical operators (
&&,||,!) perform logical operations.
Java I/O (Input/Output)
- Java I/O is used for processing input and producing output
- Java uses the concept of streams (sequences of data) to perform I/O operations
Lecture 3 Outline
- Java Methods
- Java Recursion
- Java Strings
- Java Math
Java Methods
- A method is a block of code that runs when called
- Methods can take parameters (data)
- They can also perform actions and are sometimes called functions.
- Methods are declared within a class
- To reuse code define it once, and then reuse it multiple times
- Java has some pre-defined methods (e.g.,
println)
Java Recursion
- Recursion is a method calling itself
- Used to break complex problems into smaller simpler ones
- The method should have a stopping condition (to avoid infinite recursion); in the example given, it is where the parameter k becomes 0
Java Strings
- Strings are used to store text
- Strings are objects of type String
- Strings can be created using literals or the 'new' keyword
- String objects are immutable (cannot be changed) after creation
Java Math
- The
Mathclass provides methods for mathematical tasks on numbers (e.g.,max,min,sqrt,abs)
Subsequent Lectures (4-6)
- Topics discussed include Java Modifiers, Composition, Java Strings, details on the
Stringclass and its methods (concat,equals,length,charAt, etc.) , memory allocation ofString, and Java Math functions.
Lecture 7-9
-
Focuses on Inheritance, Polymorphism, Conclusion, and Review
-
Also covers Java Files: creating, reading, writing, and deleting files, showing the use of
File,PrintWriter,FileReader, andScanner. -
This lecture covers Java Exceptions (
try...catch) mechanisms to deal with errors during program execution. -
Additional data on the use of
super,toString, andequalsin Java programming are also given. -
Notes on multiple inheritance also cover topics that include usage of
super, in relation to methods from the parent class's (grandparent-class)
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Description
Test your knowledge of object-oriented programming concepts in Java, focusing on class relationships such as composition and associations, as well as Java methods and modifiers. The quiz covers fundamental principles and specific Java functions to enhance your understanding of programming structures.
