Java Methods and Parameters

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Questions and Answers

What does the printf method allow you to do?

  • Write formatted strings to the output stream. (correct)
  • Modify the appearance of numeric data only.
  • Store formatted strings in a variable.
  • Format strings into variables.

Which of the following methods returns a formatted string instead of printing it directly?

  • printf
  • System.out.println
  • String.format (correct)
  • DecimalFormat

Which symbol is used to start a format specifier in the printf method?

  • #
  • % (correct)
  • &
  • @

What is the purpose of the DecimalFormat class in Java?

<p>To format numbers based on custom patterns. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you specify the number of decimal places for a floating-point number in the printf method?

<p>Using a precision specifier like <code>%.2f</code>. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method for output formatting in Java?

<p>InputStream (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using String.format, what is the output of the following code: String formatted = String.format("Price: $%.2f", 19.99); System.out.println(formatted);?

<p>Price: $19.99 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Scanner class in Java?

<p>To read user input. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be the output of System.out.printf("Hello %s! You are %d years old.", "Alice", 25);?

<p>Hello Alice! You are 25 years old. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method would you use to read an integer value from the keyboard using Scanner?

<p>nextInt() (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about closing a Scanner object?

<p>It releases the associated input stream. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conversion formula for Celsius to Fahrenheit?

<p>Fahrenheit = (Celsius * 9/5) + 32 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in reading input from the keyboard using Scanner?

<p>Import the Scanner class. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will the method nextDouble() return when called?

<p>A double value. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a program calculating the sum and average of three integers, what should be the last step after calculations?

<p>Print out the sum and the average. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will happen if the Scanner instance is not closed after its use?

<p>It may lead to resource leaks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be the output of the following code if time is set to 22?

if (time < 10) {
    System.out.println("Good morning.");
} else if (time < 18) {
    System.out.println("Good day.");
} else {
    System.out.println("Good evening.");
}

<p>Good evening. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What operator checks if two operands are not equal?

<p>!= (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will the modulus operator (%) return when applied as in 5 % 2?

<p>1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following syntax is correct for a switch statement?

<p>switch(expression) { case x: // code } (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the main purpose of using a switch statement over if-else statements.

<p>It simplifies the management of multiple conditional branches. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In shorthand if-else syntax, what does the following code output?

int time = 20;
String result = (time < 18) ? "Good day." : "Good evening.";
System.out.println(result);

<p>Good evening. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome when using the equal to (==) operator between two operands with different data types?

<p>It may return true, depending on the type conversion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the following if-else structure imply?

if (condition) {
    // block of code if true
} else {
    // block of code if false
}

<p>Only one block of code executes based on the condition's truth value. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a valid method declaration in Java?

<p>public void methodName(){} (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the return type of a method specify?

<p>The type of value the method returns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a method has a return type of void?

<p>It does not return any value. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does System.out.println differ from System.out.print?

<p>It appends a newline character after printing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct way to call a method named 'add' that takes two integer arguments?

<p>add(5, 7) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will the output be when the following code is executed?

System.out.println("Hello" + 5); 

<p>Hello5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using parameters in methods?

<p>To allow methods to operate on different data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the AverageCalculator program, how is the average calculated given two integer values?

<p>average = (firstNumber + secondNumber) / 2.0; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the parameters in the method declaration?

public int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; } 

<p>They specify the data the method will receive. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the output when the user inputs the name 'Alice' and age '25' in the InputExample program?

<p>Hello, Alice! You are 25 years old. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines a unary operator?

<p>An operator that requires only one operand. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arithmetic operation does not use binary operators?

<p>Increment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the increment operator in Java do when placed before a variable (e.g., ++x)?

<p>Increases the variable's value before the expression is evaluated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will happen if the user inputs a non-integer value when prompted for an integer in the AverageCalculator program?

<p>An exception is thrown and the program crashes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the statement 'int age = scanner.nextInt();', what data type is the variable age?

<p>Integer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Methods in Java

  • Parameters allow methods to operate on different data without changing the method's code.
  • The return type specifies the type of value returned by a method; common return types include int, void, etc.
  • Method Definition Example:
    • public int add(int a, int b) defines a method add that returns an integer value.
    • The body of the method is enclosed in {}, executing operations like return a + b;.
  • Method Calling Example:
    • public void demoAdd() showcases calling the add method and printing the result.

Output Formatting in Java

  • System.out.println outputs data to the console and appends a newline character.
  • To avoid a newline, utilize System.out.print.
  • Common use cases for output include debugging, logging, and user interfaces.
  • The method accepts any data type as an expression, providing its string representation.

Formatting Techniques

  • printf Method:
    • Writes formatted strings to the output using format specifiers that begin with %, e.g., System.out.printf("Name: %s, Age: %d\n", "John Doe", 30);.
  • String.format Method:
    • Similar to printf, but returns a formatted string instead of printing it immediately.
    • Example: String formattedString = String.format("Height: %.1f cm", 172.3);.
  • DecimalFormat Class:
    • Offers advanced number formatting capabilities, including custom patterns for decimal places and grouping.
    • Example: DecimalFormat decimalFormat = new DecimalFormat("#,###.00");.

Input Handling in Java

  • The Scanner class from java.util reads user input, available for different data types.
  • Process for reading input includes:
    • Importing the Scanner class.
    • Creating an instance with Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);.
    • Reading inputs using methods like nextInt() or nextLine().
    • Closing the scanner post-usage for resource management.
  • Example code reads user name and age, then prints a greeting.

Operators in Java

  • Unary Operators: Operate on a single operand; for instance, increment (++), decrement (--), and logical NOT (!).
  • Binary Operators: Require two operands for operations such as addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/), modulus (%), and equality checks (==, !=).

Decision Making and Branching

  • If...else Statements: Control flow based on boolean conditions.
    • Standard syntax distinguishes blocks of code executed based on the condition being true or false.
    • Example illustrates basic time-based greeting outputs.
  • Shorthand If...else: The ternary operator provides a compact syntax to assign values based on conditions, e.g., result = (time < 18) ? "Good day." : "Good evening.";.

Switch Statements

  • Used as an alternative to multiple if...else statements for clearer selection of code blocks based on expression value.
  • Syntax includes defining cases and a default action:
    switch(expression) {
        case x:
            // code block
            break;
        default:
            // default code block
    }
    
  • Example illustrates a switch case that determines a day of the week from a numeric value.

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