Java Functions Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a recursive function in Java?

  • It requires an object of the class to be called. (correct)
  • It can be used to solve problems by breaking them down into smaller, similar subproblems.
  • The function calls itself within its own definition.
  • It typically has a base case to stop the recursion.

    • What is the primary purpose of a 'void' function in Java?

  • To perform actions without returning any value. (correct)
  • To accept and process parameters.
  • To calculate and return a specific value.
  • To define static methods that can be called without creating an object.

    • What is the difference between a 'Parameterized Function' and a 'Non-Parameterized Function' in Java?

  • Parameterized functions require an object of the class to be called, while non-parameterized functions do not.
  • Parameterized functions accept input values as parameters, while non-parameterized functions do not. (correct)
  • Parameterized functions are defined with the 'static' keyword, while non-parameterized functions are not.
  • Parameterized functions return a value, while non-parameterized functions do not.

    • In the provided factorial example, what is the purpose of the 'base condition' if (n == 0) { return 1; }?

    <p>To prevent infinite recursion by providing an exit condition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following code snippets demonstrates a 'Static Function' in Java?

    <p>public static void show() { System.out.println(&quot;Static Method&quot;); } (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between 'Predefined Functions' and 'User-defined Functions' in Java?

    <p>Predefined functions are available in the Java library, while user-defined functions must be written by the programmer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following Java statements correctly calls the 'add' function, assuming it is defined as: public int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }?

    <p>int result = add(5, 3); (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the provided Fibonacci sequence example, what is the purpose of the recursive call return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);?

    <p>To calculate the Fibonacci number for the next two values in the sequence. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following data structures is typically used to implement a stack?

    <p>Linked List (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios best describes the concept of a stack data structure?

    <p>A pile of dishes being washed one at a time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time complexity of pushing an element onto a stack implemented using a linked list?

    <p>O(1) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following operations is NOT typically associated with a stack data structure?

    <p>enqueue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A stack is often used to implement which of the following algorithms?

    <p>Depth-First Search (DFS) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Function (Method) in Java

    A block of code that performs a specific task and can be reused.

    Predefined Functions

    Functions provided by Java libraries, e.g., Math.pow().

    User-defined Functions

    Functions created by the user for specific tasks.

    Parameterized Functions

    Functions that accept inputs (parameters) and return a result.

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    Non-Parameterized Functions

    Functions that do not take any parameters or inputs.

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    Void Functions

    Functions that do not return any value.

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    Returning Functions

    Functions that return a value to the caller.

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    Recursive Function

    A function that calls itself to solve problems.

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    Stack

    A data structure that follows Last In First Out (LIFO) principle.

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    Push operation

    Adds an element to the top of the stack.

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    Pop operation

    Removes the top element from the stack.

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    Peek operation

    Retrieves the top element without removing it from the stack.

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    Underflow in Stack

    Occurs when trying to pop from an empty stack.

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    Study Notes

    Java Functions

    • Java functions (also methods) are blocks of code performing specific tasks. They can be reused multiple times.

    Types of Java Functions

    • Predefined (Built-in) Functions: Functions from Java libraries (e.g., Math.pow(), System.out.println()).

    • User-defined Functions: Functions created by the user.

    • Parameterized Functions: Functions accepting parameters and returning a result.

      • Example: public int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }

    • Non-Parameterized Functions: Functions that don't take parameters.

      • Example: public void greet() { System.out.println("Hello, World!"); }

    • Void Functions: Functions that do not return a value.

      • Example: public void displayMessage() { System.out.println("This is a void function."); }

    • Returning Functions: Functions returning a value.

      • Example: public int square(int num) { return num * num; }

    Static Functions

    • Functions declared with the static keyword, callable without creating a class instance.
    • Example: public static void show() { System.out.println("Static Method"); }

    Instance Functions

    • Functions needing a class object to be called.
    • Example: public void instanceMethod() { System.out.println("Instance Method"); }

    Recursive Functions

    • Functions calling themselves to solve a problem.

      • Factorial: A crucial example calculation, calculating the product of all positive integers up to a given number.

      • Base Condition: A necessary step to prevent infinite recursion (e.g., if(n==0){ return 1; }) stopping the recursive calls

      • Recursive Call: The step where the function calls itself with modified input (e.g., n-1).

      • Fibonacci Series (recursion): Shows a mathematical sequence where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones.

      • Key Points:

    • Requires a base condition to stop infinite recursion.
    • Every recursive call adds onto the call stack, so too many calls could cause a StackOverflowError.
    • Recursive solutions can sometimes be less efficient computationally than iterative solutions.
    • Example 1 (Factorial): The code calculates the factorial using recursion.
      • public static int factorial(int n)
      • if (n == 0) { return 1; } else { return n * factorial(n - 1); }
    • Example 2 (Fibonacci): Calculates the Fibonacci sequence recursively.
      • public static int fibonacci(int n)
      • if (n <= 1) { return n; } else { return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2); }

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    Description

    This quiz covers the different types of functions in Java, including predefined, user-defined, parameterized, and non-parameterized functions. Learn about the characteristics of static, void, and returning functions to enhance your understanding of Java programming.

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