Java Classes and Objects

What is the primary purpose of declaring an instance variable as private?

Which of the following best describes the concept of encapsulation in object-oriented programming?

In the context of object-oriented programming, what does an 'instance variable' represent?

Which of the following is a benefit of using instance variables?

What does the term 'refactoring' refer to in software development?

What is the main goal of applying the DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself) principle in programming?

Which of the following programming concepts allows a subclass to inherit attributes and behaviors from a superclass?

What is the purpose of an access modifier in object-oriented programming?

Suppose you want to create a class Dog that inherits from a class Animal. Which attribute should be defined in the Animal class rather than the Dog class?

When should you consider refactoring your code?

What is the main purpose of declaring instance variables?

When should you use a public access modifier for an instance variable?

What is the relationship between a class and an object?

What is a potential drawback of not adhering to the DRY principle?

Which of the following scenarios could benefit most from refactoring?

In the context of inheritance, what is a 'superclass'?

Consider a class Car with a fuelLevel attribute that should only be modified by the methods within the Car class. Which access modifier should you use for fuelLevel?

You notice that you have several methods across different classes performing similar calculations. Which principle would suggest creating a common utility function to avoid repetition?

Why is encapsulation considered a key aspect of object-oriented programming?

Which action is an example of 'refactoring' code?

What does it mean if a variable has public access?

What is the main benefit of using inheritance in object-oriented programming?

Which of the following data types can be assigned to an instance of the int value width?

Regarding the DRY principle, what would be the BEST approach if the same algorithm needs to be applied in three different classes?

Which choice BEST demonstrates the use of encapsulation?

When considering object-oriented programming principles, which is the benefit of a class inheriting attributes from a superclass?

Regarding instance variables and attributes, how are attributes of an object represented in a class?

Which of the following best demonstrates the DRY principle?

What does the term 'access modifier' refer to in object-oriented programming?

Which of the access modifiers provides the LEAST restrictive access?

Which of the following is NOT an example of code refactoring?

What is the benefit of using encapsulation within accessor and mutator (getter and setter) methods?

The following code has redundency. Which of the principles can be applied to improve the code?

`class Cake{ public String cake_type; public String cake_flavor;

public Cake(String type,String flavor){
    this.cake_type = type;
    this.cake_flavor = flavor;
}

};

class Pastry{ public String pastry_type; public String pastry_flavor;

public Pastry(String type,String flavor){
    this.pastry_type = type;
    this.pastry_flavor = flavor;
}

}`

How does inheritance facilitate code reuse?

If a class named Vehicle has a private attribute to store the vehicle identification number (VIN), how can other classes get the VIN?

Which of the following is a valid reason to refactor code, even if it's functioning correctly?

Which of the following demonstrates the declaration of a string instance variable?

A developer needs to modify a class originally written by someone else. To ensure the changes do not affect other parts of the system, what should the developer focus on when refactoring?

Consider two classes: Bird and Penguin. Bird has a method fly(). Penguin is a subclass of Bird, but penguins cannot fly. What does this scenario illustrate?

In a class diagram, what does an arrow pointing from class A to class B typically represent?