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Questions and Answers
Which of the following identifiers is a constant according to Java naming conventions?
Which of the following identifiers is a constant according to Java naming conventions?
- maxValue
- Test
- ReadInt
- COUNT (correct)
What will be the result of adding an int, a byte, a long, and a double?
What will be the result of adding an int, a byte, a long, and a double?
- long
- int
- byte
- double (correct)
What is the outcome of the expression (double)5/2?
What is the outcome of the expression (double)5/2?
- 3.0
- 2.0
- 2.5 (correct)
- 2
What is the reason for the compile error in the provided switch statement?
What is the reason for the compile error in the provided switch statement?
What will be printed when the following code runs? int x = 0; if (x < 4) { x = x + 1; } System.out.println("x is " + x);
What will be printed when the following code runs? int x = 0; if (x < 4) { x = x + 1; } System.out.println("x is " + x);
What is a valid output from the statement System.out.println((int)(Math.random() * 4))?
What is a valid output from the statement System.out.println((int)(Math.random() * 4))?
In the code 'int x; double d = 1.5; switch (d)', what type is the variable used for the switch?
In the code 'int x; double d = 1.5; switch (d)', what type is the variable used for the switch?
What result do you expect if you combine the statements 'int x = 0;' and 'if (x < 4) { x = x + 2; }'?
What result do you expect if you combine the statements 'int x = 0;' and 'if (x < 4) { x = x + 2; }'?
What will be the final value of the variable 'balance' after the provided code executes?
What will be the final value of the variable 'balance' after the provided code executes?
What will the program output when executing the method xmethod with an integer parameter?
What will the program output when executing the method xmethod with an integer parameter?
Which expression correctly generates a random integer value of 0 or 1?
Which expression correctly generates a random integer value of 0 or 1?
What is the term for a variable defined within a method in Java?
What is the term for a variable defined within a method in Java?
In method definitions, where do arguments always appear?
In method definitions, where do arguments always appear?
What will the output of System.out.println(java.util.Arrays.toString(scores)) be given the array int[] scores = {1, 20, 30, 40, 50}?
What will the output of System.out.println(java.util.Arrays.toString(scores)) be given the array int[] scores = {1, 20, 30, 40, 50}?
Which statement accurately describes a compiler error when trying to invoke the xmethod?
Which statement accurately describes a compiler error when trying to invoke the xmethod?
Which of the following options correctly describes the function of a break statement within a loop?
Which of the following options correctly describes the function of a break statement within a loop?
What modifier allows class members to be inaccessible to other classes in different packages but accessible to any subclasses?
What modifier allows class members to be inaccessible to other classes in different packages but accessible to any subclasses?
Which statement about constructors is incorrect?
Which statement about constructors is incorrect?
What will be the output of the following code? java.util.ArrayList list = new java.util.ArrayList(); list.add("New York"); java.util.ArrayList list1 = (java.util.ArrayList)(list.clone()); list.add("Atlanta"); list1.add("Dallas"); System.out.println(list1);
What will be the output of the following code? java.util.ArrayList list = new java.util.ArrayList(); list.add("New York"); java.util.ArrayList list1 = (java.util.ArrayList)(list.clone()); list.add("Atlanta"); list1.add("Dallas"); System.out.println(list1);
If A is an interface and B is a concrete class implementing A, which of the following is a valid way to instantiate A?
If A is an interface and B is a concrete class implementing A, which of the following is a valid way to instantiate A?
In Java, what does a constructor do?
In Java, what does a constructor do?
Which option correctly describes a valid constructor capability?
Which option correctly describes a valid constructor capability?
What happens if a constructor does not invoke an overloaded or superclass constructor?
What happens if a constructor does not invoke an overloaded or superclass constructor?
Which of the following statements about class members is true?
Which of the following statements about class members is true?
Which statement about abstract classes is true?
Which statement about abstract classes is true?
What is true about the dimensions of the array defined as double[][] x = new double[4][5];?
What is true about the dimensions of the array defined as double[][] x = new double[4][5];?
What will happen when the following code is executed? public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { int[][] values = {{3, 4, 5, 1}, {33, 6, 1, 2}}; for (int row = 0; row < values.length; row++) { java.util.Arrays.sort(values[row]); for (int column = 0; column < values[row].length; column++) System.out.print(values[row][column] + " "); System.out.println(); } }}
What will happen when the following code is executed? public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { int[][] values = {{3, 4, 5, 1}, {33, 6, 1, 2}}; for (int row = 0; row < values.length; row++) { java.util.Arrays.sort(values[row]); for (int column = 0; column < values[row].length; column++) System.out.print(values[row][column] + " "); System.out.println(); } }}
Given the array declaration int[][] a = new int[3][2];, what is the index of the first element?
Given the array declaration int[][] a = new int[3][2];, what is the index of the first element?
Which of the following statements regarding abstract methods is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding abstract methods is correct?
What is the potential output of the program if the following statement is modified? System.out.println(values[row][column] + " ");
What is the potential output of the program if the following statement is modified? System.out.println(values[row][column] + " ");
If the array double[][] b = new double[5][4];, what are the lengths of b and b[0]?
If the array double[][] b = new double[5][4];, what are the lengths of b and b[0]?
Which statement is false about abstract classes?
Which statement is false about abstract classes?
Which syntax correctly creates an array of five empty Strings?
Which syntax correctly creates an array of five empty Strings?
Do Program I and Program II produce the same output?
Do Program I and Program II produce the same output?
Which of the following statements about array initialization is true?
Which of the following statements about array initialization is true?
What is the output of the following code snippet? 'System.out.println("n is " + n);'
What is the output of the following code snippet? 'System.out.println("n is " + n);'
Identify the correct way to create an array of integers with the values 3, 4, 3, and 2.
Identify the correct way to create an array of integers with the values 3, 4, 3, and 2.
What will happen if 'char[] c = new char;' is executed?
What will happen if 'char[] c = new char;' is executed?
How many elements are in the array initialized as 'int[] list = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};'?
How many elements are in the array initialized as 'int[] list = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};'?
What is the primary difference between Program I and Program II regarding their array handling?
What is the primary difference between Program I and Program II regarding their array handling?
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Study Notes
Abstract Methods
- A class that contains abstract methods must be abstract
- An abstract class can have no abstract methods
- An abstract method cannot be contained in a non-abstract class
- Abstract classes can have constructors
- Data fields cannot be declared abstract, only methods and classes can be declared abstract
Array Declarations
double[][] x = new double[4][5]
uses two dimensions,x.length
returns 4 andx[0].length
returns 5
Array Sorting
java.util.Arrays.sort(values[row])
sorts the elements of each row in the arrayvalues
Array Indexing
- The index variable for the element at the first row and first column in array
a
isa[0][0]
Doubles
(double)5/2
will result in a value of2.5
, the cast occurs before the division
Constants
- Constants should be named following the Java naming convention using uppercase letters, separated by underscores
COUNT
andMAX_VALUE
are valid constant names based on the convention
Random Number Generation
Math.random()
generates a random double between 0 and 1 (exclusive 1)- The code below will produce a random int between 0 and 3 (inclusive):
(int)(Math.random() * 4)
Variables
- Local variables are defined within a method
- Arguments to methods are always defined within parentheses
Arrays with Arrays.toString
System.out.println(java.util.Arrays.toString(scores))
prints the contents of an array of the form:[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Array Creation
- Arrays can be created using the curly brace notation: example:
String[] a = {"", "", "", "", ""};
Method Overloading and Compile Errors
- If multiple methods in a class share the same name but have different parameters (number or data types), the methods are overloaded
- During compilation, Java can determine which method to call based on the arguments provided
- If a method call does not match any overloaded method, there will be a compile-time error
Modifiers Access Levels
protected
modifier for members of a class is accessible to subclasses in any package, but not to other classes in a different package
Constructors
- Constructors cannot be defined as static
- Constructors can be private, which means the class itself can create its own instances, but other classes cannot
- Constructors can invoke static methods
ArrayList & Cloning
- The
clone()
method creates a shallow copy of an ArrayList, meaning changes made to the original ArrayList will NOT be reflected in the copy
Inheriting from Interfaces
- An interface is a blueprint that defines methods without implementations
- A class that implements an interface must provide implementations of the interface methods
- When creating instances of concrete classes that implement interfaces:
A a = new B()
, whereA
is the interface andB
is the concrete class. This is valid because an instance of the concrete class is also an instance of the interface.
Example - Method Overloading and Compile Errors
- If there are two overloaded
xMethod
implementations:public static int xMethod(n, t)
public static long xMethod(n)
- The code below would not compile because the compiler cannot determine which
xMethod
to call:System.out.println(xmethod(5));
since5
could be a long or an int.
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