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Jaundice: Causes and Mechanisms

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Questions and Answers

What are the usual pigmented areas of the body where jaundice can be observed?

Eyes, nose, and mouth

Skin, hair, and nails

Liver, kidneys, and pancreas

Skin, sclera, under tongue, and palate of mouth (correct)

What is the primary cause of prehepatic jaundice?

Obstruction of the bile ducts

Infection of the liver

Liver dysfunction

Increased breakdown of red blood cells (correct)

What is a possible cause of hemolytic anemia of the newborn?

Incompatibility between the mother's and fetus's Rh type (correct)

Genetic mutation in the fetus

Rh positivity in the fetus

Rh negativity in the mother

What is the term for the destruction of red blood cells?

Hemolysis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three categories of jaundice causes?

Prehepatic, hepatic, and posthepatic (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of excess destruction of red blood cells in hemolytic anemia?

Increased unconjugated bilirubin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of physiologic jaundice in newborns?

Immaturity of the conjugating enzyme glucuronyl transferase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark sign of posthepatic jaundice?

Gray-colored stool (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between pathologic and physiologic prehepatic jaundice?

The presence of erythroblastosis fetalis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of hepatic jaundice?

Disease of the hepatocytes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of UV light therapy in the treatment of jaundice?

To convert unconjugated bilirubin to conjugated (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between prehepatic and posthepatic jaundice?

The type of bilirubin that accumulates in the blood (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important thing to know when diagnosing jaundice?

The underlying mechanism of jaundice (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is characteristic of prehepatic jaundice?

High total serum bilirubin and high indirect bilirubin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of cholecystitis?

Irritation of stones inside the gallbladder or nearby ducts (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin?

Conjugated bilirubin is soluble in water, while unconjugated bilirubin is insoluble (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indicator of posthepatic jaundice?

High total serum bilirubin and high direct bilirubin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of hepatic jaundice?

Normal or high total serum bilirubin and low direct bilirubin (B) Signup and view all the answers