Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the primary outcome of the secret treaties Japan signed regarding German concessions in China?
What was the primary outcome of the secret treaties Japan signed regarding German concessions in China?
- The concessions were divided between Japan and other European powers.
- Japan gained control over the former German concession in Shandong. (correct)
- The area was returned to Chinese control.
- Germany retained control over Shandong province.
What major event occurred on May 4th which spurred the May Fourth Movement?
What major event occurred on May 4th which spurred the May Fourth Movement?
- A declaration of war against Japan.
- An economic agreement with Western powers.
- A national election.
- A student demonstration in Beijing. (correct)
Which of the following is a significant characteristic of the May Fourth Movement?
Which of the following is a significant characteristic of the May Fourth Movement?
- Isolationism from the outside world.
- A return to traditional Confucian values.
- Transformations in gender roles. (correct)
- The strengthening of China's imperial structure.
What was Classical Chinese, as referenced in the text?
What was Classical Chinese, as referenced in the text?
What distinguishes the 'May Fourth Incident' from the broader 'May Fourth Movement'?
What distinguishes the 'May Fourth Incident' from the broader 'May Fourth Movement'?
What was the general effect of the May Fourth Movement on Chinese intellectuals?
What was the general effect of the May Fourth Movement on Chinese intellectuals?
What was the name given to the cultural shift that began around 1915, and what was it primarily characterized by?
What was the name given to the cultural shift that began around 1915, and what was it primarily characterized by?
Which political parties were significantly influenced by the May Fourth Movement and went on to play a major role in China's history?
Which political parties were significantly influenced by the May Fourth Movement and went on to play a major role in China's history?
What was a core tenet of the New Culture Movement?
What was a core tenet of the New Culture Movement?
What was a key aspect of the New Culture Movement's view on individualism?
What was a key aspect of the New Culture Movement's view on individualism?
Which publication served as a major platform for the New Culture Movement?
Which publication served as a major platform for the New Culture Movement?
Who was a noted figure that called for the overthrow of the traditional Confucian order?
Who was a noted figure that called for the overthrow of the traditional Confucian order?
What societal issue did the New Culture Movement question regarding women?
What societal issue did the New Culture Movement question regarding women?
What traditional expectation was considered devaluing to women?
What traditional expectation was considered devaluing to women?
What phrase epitomized the expected obedience of women in the Qing Dynasty prior to the New Culture Movement?
What phrase epitomized the expected obedience of women in the Qing Dynasty prior to the New Culture Movement?
What was a common belief regarding traditional hierarchical structures that fueled the New Culture Movement?
What was a common belief regarding traditional hierarchical structures that fueled the New Culture Movement?
What was the primary contribution of China to the Allied effort during World War I?
What was the primary contribution of China to the Allied effort during World War I?
What did many Chinese people hope to achieve through China's contribution to the Allied effort in World War I?
What did many Chinese people hope to achieve through China's contribution to the Allied effort in World War I?
What was the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles regarding the Shandong province, despite China's support for the Allies?
What was the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles regarding the Shandong province, despite China's support for the Allies?
Which major event was directly triggered by the betrayal of the Treaty of Versailles regarding the Shandong province?
Which major event was directly triggered by the betrayal of the Treaty of Versailles regarding the Shandong province?
What was one significant impact of the May Fourth Movement on China?
What was one significant impact of the May Fourth Movement on China?
What was the role of Yuan Shikai in the early Republic of China?
What was the role of Yuan Shikai in the early Republic of China?
Why did Yuan Shikai's attempt to become emperor ultimately fail?
Why did Yuan Shikai's attempt to become emperor ultimately fail?
What was a major consequence of Yuan Shikai's dictatorial actions and failed attempt to reinstate a dynasty?
What was a major consequence of Yuan Shikai's dictatorial actions and failed attempt to reinstate a dynasty?
What is meant by the term 'universal male suffrage' as it relates to Japan?
What is meant by the term 'universal male suffrage' as it relates to Japan?
What role did the 'Moga' play in Japanese society?
What role did the 'Moga' play in Japanese society?
How did some Japanese women, constrained from most professions and public life, make their voices heard publicly?
How did some Japanese women, constrained from most professions and public life, make their voices heard publicly?
What was the primary goal of Japan's 'Twenty-One Demands' issued to China?
What was the primary goal of Japan's 'Twenty-One Demands' issued to China?
Which area was NOT a focus of Japan's 'Twenty-One Demands'?
Which area was NOT a focus of Japan's 'Twenty-One Demands'?
Which group spearheaded the protest against the '21 Demands'?
Which group spearheaded the protest against the '21 Demands'?
What were the two primary outcomes following Japan's presentation of the 21 Demands to China?
What were the two primary outcomes following Japan's presentation of the 21 Demands to China?
How did the '21 Demands' impact Chinese North America and the diaspora?
How did the '21 Demands' impact Chinese North America and the diaspora?
What does the text suggest about changes in fashion for Japanese women during the Tokugawa - Meiji - Taisho periods?
What does the text suggest about changes in fashion for Japanese women during the Tokugawa - Meiji - Taisho periods?
What impact did the formation of the communist party have in Japan?
What impact did the formation of the communist party have in Japan?
What symbolized modernity and liberation for women in Japan during this period?
What symbolized modernity and liberation for women in Japan during this period?
What was one of Japan's contributions to the Allies during World War I?
What was one of Japan's contributions to the Allies during World War I?
What action did Japan take when World War I broke out in 1914?
What action did Japan take when World War I broke out in 1914?
How did the status of women in Japan change due to the increased presence of female teachers?
How did the status of women in Japan change due to the increased presence of female teachers?
What was the significance of Japan's diplomatic successes during the Great War?
What was the significance of Japan's diplomatic successes during the Great War?
What was the primary reason behind the practice of foot binding in Qing society?
What was the primary reason behind the practice of foot binding in Qing society?
How did the New Culture Movement challenge the Cult of Widow Chastity?
How did the New Culture Movement challenge the Cult of Widow Chastity?
What was a significant outcome of women's education in urban centers during the New Culture Movement?
What was a significant outcome of women's education in urban centers during the New Culture Movement?
Which group primarily facilitated the foot binding practice on young girls?
Which group primarily facilitated the foot binding practice on young girls?
What challenges did urban women face during the New Culture Movement?
What challenges did urban women face during the New Culture Movement?
What was the societal view on women with bound feet during the Qing dynasty?
What was the societal view on women with bound feet during the Qing dynasty?
What motivations were behind the mothers and aunts binding girls' feet?
What motivations were behind the mothers and aunts binding girls' feet?
What did the New Culture Movement advocate for women's roles in society?
What did the New Culture Movement advocate for women's roles in society?
Flashcards
Preference for female teachers
Preference for female teachers
Increased demand for women educators as more girls attended schools, providing opportunities for educated women.
Symbols of modernity
Symbols of modernity
Unbound feet, short hair, western clothing, and public appearances became icons of women's liberation in Japan.
Japan's WWI contributions
Japan's WWI contributions
Japan used WWI to showcase its diplomatic strengths by seizing German territories in China.
Seizing German concessions
Seizing German concessions
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Japan as Allies member
Japan as Allies member
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May Fourth Movement
May Fourth Movement
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May Fourth Incident
May Fourth Incident
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Social Ferment
Social Ferment
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Gender Roles Transformation
Gender Roles Transformation
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Classical Chinese
Classical Chinese
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Chinese Communist Party
Chinese Communist Party
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New Culture Movement
New Culture Movement
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Political Instability
Political Instability
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Cult of Widow Chastity
Cult of Widow Chastity
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Foot Binding
Foot Binding
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Reasons for Foot Binding
Reasons for Foot Binding
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Impact of Mothers on Foot Binding
Impact of Mothers on Foot Binding
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Urban Women's Education
Urban Women's Education
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Modernity in Education
Modernity in Education
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Affluent Families and Women
Affluent Families and Women
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China's role in WWI
China's role in WWI
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Treaty of Versailles 1919
Treaty of Versailles 1919
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Intellectual reforms
Intellectual reforms
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Yuan Shikai’s ambition
Yuan Shikai’s ambition
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Dictatorship of Yuan Shikai
Dictatorship of Yuan Shikai
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Yuan's declaration as emperor
Yuan's declaration as emperor
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Yuan’s downfall
Yuan’s downfall
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Universal Male Suffrage
Universal Male Suffrage
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Moga
Moga
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Women Writers in Japan
Women Writers in Japan
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21 Demands
21 Demands
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Shandong Province
Shandong Province
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Southern Manchuria
Southern Manchuria
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Hanyeping Complex
Hanyeping Complex
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Anti-Japanese Protests
Anti-Japanese Protests
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Chinese Diaspora Response
Chinese Diaspora Response
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Japanese Buddhist Missionaries
Japanese Buddhist Missionaries
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Individuality vs Group Identity
Individuality vs Group Identity
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New Youth Magazine
New Youth Magazine
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Call to Youth
Call to Youth
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Confucian Patriarchy
Confucian Patriarchy
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Qing Dynasty Women's Obedience
Qing Dynasty Women's Obedience
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Women's Rights Questioning
Women's Rights Questioning
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Study Notes
Japan's Taisho Democracy (1912-1926)
- Era named after Emperor Taisho, succeeding Emperor Meiji.
- Marked by growing consumerism, civil liberties, and general prosperity.
- Significant increase in industrialization and shift from agriculture.
- Oligarchs (genros) who held power in the Meiji period, began to die or age.
- Universal male suffrage (men over 25) was established, a first for East Asia.
Japan's Oligarchs (Genros)
- Powerful group holding significant political, economic, and social influence.
- Implemented many policies during the Meiji period.
- Their influence diminished during the Taisho period as they aged and died.
Universal Male Suffrage in Japan
- Gave all adult men the right to vote, regardless of social class, wealth, or education.
- Japan became the first East Asian country to implement universal male suffrage.
- Women were excluded from voting rights.
- Increased recognition of worker's rights with the formation of the Communist Party.
Moga (Modern Girl)
- Term capturing the image of modern, city-dwelling, independent Japanese women.
- The rise of female writers expressing women's views publicly.
- Reflected growing western influence on Japanese women's fashion and lifestyles.
- Female writers began publishing stories and magazines making women's voices more prominent.
21 Demands (1915)
- Japan issued a list of demands to China.
- Aimed to expand Japan's influence in China (Shandong province, railways, coasts).
- Demanded control of the Hanyeping mining complex and other concessions.
- Demands triggered widespread protests in China, especially amongst university students.
- Resulted in growing discontent and protests within China.
Japan's National Diet
- Japan's national assembly.
- Consisted of two sections: House of Representatives and House of Councillors.
- Power shifts from Oligarchs to an elected National Diet.
Versailles Peace Conference (1919)
- Japan attended as one of the victorious allies.
- First time Japan was included in the treaty conference.
China's May Fourth Movement
- Student protests sparked this movement (May 4, 1919).
- Series of strikes and demonstrations, challenging traditional culture and promoting modernization.
- Occurred from (1915-1921).
- Focused on intellectual and social transformation during the revolutionary era of modern China.
- Important social protest in China.
Women's Rights During the Movement
- Qing Dynasty practices limited women's rights.
- Women were expected to obey their fathers, husbands, or sons.
- The cult of widow chastity: widows expected to not remarry after their husbands' death.
- Foot binding was a common practice limiting women’s physical movement and ability.
- Women's roles and rights were questioned during the May Fourth Movement.
Japan's Contributions to WWI
- Japan used international diplomacy effectively to expand its influence.
- Seized German-held concessions in Shandong province of China.
- The act made Japan a significant participant in the Allies.
China's Contributions to WWI
- China sent thousands of men to work in France.
- Expected better treatment and concessions from the Allies in return for its participation.
- Treaty of Versailles (1919): Shandong province awarded to Japan not China, leading to widespread discontent.
Warlordism in China
- China returned to a republic after the revolution.
- Became unstable with periods of warlordism lasting until the late 1920s.
Puyi, the Last Qing Emperor
- Last emperor of the Qing Dynasty.
- Abdicated in 1912.
Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles
- Nationalism, Democracy, and People's Livelihood.
- Guiding principles for China’s future.
Yuan Shikai
- Became president of China after the revolution, and at the start of the Chinese republic.
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