Jamestown: England's First Permanent Colony

<p>They initially sent frequent supplies but reduced them later (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They were mostly upper-class individuals with little practical skills (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Second Supply (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It caused frequent conflicts and mistrust (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure their children retained their English identity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Mayflower Compact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He taught them survival skills and farming techniques (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Puritans aimed to create a religious community rather than just seeking refuge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Slaves contributed to shipbuilding and other local industries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absence of Captain John Smith (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opechancanough (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It brought peace between the settlers and the Powhatan. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased need for land and labor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represented the first elected representative government in the Americas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They had knowledge of the land and networks for support. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their status was unclear, but they had some rights. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He avoided conflict and respected Chief Powhatan. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High demand for labor due to tobacco farming (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased attacks by the Powhatan tribe. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provided a forum for discussion and unity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ecomienda system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To convert native peoples to Catholicism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To exploit fur trading opportunities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Build friendly relationships for trade. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>French explorers claiming land along the Mississippi. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He claimed the Mississippi River and named the region Louisiana. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disease and harsh working conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fur trading. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To build a fort and attack the Spanish (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pierre Le Moyne Sieur D’Iberville (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The founding of New Orleans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tobacco (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A smallpox outbreak weakening the Huron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A series of battles involving the Iroquois and the Huron and Algonquin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beaver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mining of silver and gold to create coins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Europe was overpopulated and lacking fur-bearing animals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fashion trends shifted away from beaver hats to silk hats (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In 1606, the Virginia Company established Jamestown, England's first permanent North American colony, near Chesapeake Bay.

Poorly chosen location (swampy land with salty water), lack of preparation (upper-class settlers with little farming or building experience), and distrust among leaders led to problems.

Captain John Smith's leadership, emphasizing hard work, helped save the struggling colony by implementing a 'work-or-starvation' rule.

The Virginia Company provided essential support through supply ships bringing food, tools, and additional settlers, though not consistently.

Jamestown's early settlers were mostly men, with a gender imbalance that persisted, leading to significant social and demographic effects.

Jamestown's location near Chesapeake Bay was chosen for defense and ship access but proved problematic due to the swampy terrain and salty water.

These voyages from the Virginia Company delivered supplies and settlers to Jamestown in 1608, which was crucial to the colony's survival.

Period of severe hardship and starvation in the Jamestown colony in 1609-1610.

Alliance of about thirty tribes led by Chief Powhatan, located in the area of Jamestown.

Intelligent leader of the Powhatan Confederacy, initially a crucial factor in Jamestown survival.

Early Jamestown leader who navigated relations with the Powhatan.

Daughter of Chief Powhatan, whose story became associated with Jamestown relations.

Tobacco's introduction as a major export that drove colonial growth and conflicts.

Individuals who worked under contract to pay for travel to the colonies.

Arrival of African slaves in Jamestown in 1619, marking the beginning of African slavery in North America.

First representative government established in Americas in 1619.

Protestant Christians in 1600s England who wanted to break away from the Church of England and form their own churches.

A group of Separatists who moved to the Netherlands to avoid persecution, but later decided to seek a new home where they could practice their faith freely.

A document signed by the Pilgrims in 1620 that outlined their plan for self-government in the new colony.

A group of Protestants in England who wanted to 'purify' the Church of England by removing rituals and practices they considered Catholic.

The Puritan belief that their community should be a model of righteousness for the world.

King James I took over the Virginia colony from the Virginia Company because of financial troubles and the Powhatan attacks.

After the statehouse burned down, the capital of Virginia was moved from Jamestown to Williamsburg.

Spain aimed to gain wealth and global power through its American colonies, which were intended to benefit the Spanish monarchy.

English colonies established representative government with elected representatives in the House of Burgesses.

The encomienda system forced American Indians to work for Spanish landowners in exchange for basic necessities.

Spain sought to convert native populations to Catholicism, establishing missions throughout their colonies.

France focused on establishing trade relationships with native groups, particularly through the fur trade, rather than conquest and forced labor.

Champlain prioritized building alliances with Native groups, believing it would improve trade and safety for French settlements.

Rene-Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle led an expedition down the Mississippi River, claiming it and its tributaries for France.

The French hoped to find a sea route to Asia, hoping to control and profit from trade.

La Salle aimed to build a fort at the mouth of the Mississippi and attack Spanish settlements. He and his settlers got lost and ended up in Texas instead, with only 36 surviving by 1687.

French colonists established settlements in Louisiana, building forts to protect against Spanish and English threats. Pierre Le Moyne Sieur D’Iberville built forts along the Mississippi River.

Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne Sieur de Bienville, Iberville's brother, became governor of Louisiana and founded New Orleans in 1718.

Louisiana's fertile soil made it ideal for agriculture. Indigo, rice, and tobacco plantations thrived on the land, bringing in wealth.

The growing plantations in Louisiana required more labor. By 1720, slave ships began arriving, and the colony imported thousands of slaves, eventually making up over half the population of New Orleans.

European expansion in North America led to increased contact with native peoples, resulting in varied reactions, from alliances to conflict.

The Huron and Algonquin, enemies of the Iroquois, formed a military alliance with Samuel de Champlain, using French troops to defeat the Iroquois in 1609.

The Iroquois sought revenge after losing to the French and their allies, and a conflict emerged over valuable beaver pelts and trade routes.

Beaver fur, used for making hats and other clothing, was a major source of wealth for the French colony, as Europe's beaver population had declined.

Spain's American colonies in South America and Mexico were crucial to the empire's growth, providing vast amounts of gold and silver used for trade and expansion.