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Questions and Answers
What action did King James take when he assumed control of the Virginia colony?
What action did King James take when he assumed control of the Virginia colony?
What was the primary reason for the relocation of the capital from Jamestown to Williamsburg?
What was the primary reason for the relocation of the capital from Jamestown to Williamsburg?
How did the English approach to governance in Jamestown differ from that of Spain and France?
How did the English approach to governance in Jamestown differ from that of Spain and France?
What was one of the goals of both Spain and France in their colonization efforts?
What was one of the goals of both Spain and France in their colonization efforts?
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What system did Spain establish to promote colonization in New Spain?
What system did Spain establish to promote colonization in New Spain?
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What characterized the early relationship between the English settlers and the Powhatan tribe?
What characterized the early relationship between the English settlers and the Powhatan tribe?
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What motivated Spanish rulers to offer large land grants in New Spain?
What motivated Spanish rulers to offer large land grants in New Spain?
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What was a major consequence of King James' takeover of the Virginia colony?
What was a major consequence of King James' takeover of the Virginia colony?
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What year did the Virginia Company establish the colony of Jamestown?
What year did the Virginia Company establish the colony of Jamestown?
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Which of the following was a significant reason for the initial failure of Jamestown?
Which of the following was a significant reason for the initial failure of Jamestown?
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What was Captain John Smith's famous directive to the colonists?
What was Captain John Smith's famous directive to the colonists?
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How did the Virginia Company's supplies impact Jamestown's survival?
How did the Virginia Company's supplies impact Jamestown's survival?
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Which group primarily populated Jamestown in its early years?
Which group primarily populated Jamestown in its early years?
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What was one of the first significant changes that occurred in Jamestown with the arrival of the 'Second Supply'?
What was one of the first significant changes that occurred in Jamestown with the arrival of the 'Second Supply'?
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What characterized the gender ratio in Jamestown throughout most of the seventeenth century?
What characterized the gender ratio in Jamestown throughout most of the seventeenth century?
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Which major challenge did Jamestown face shortly after its establishment?
Which major challenge did Jamestown face shortly after its establishment?
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What event caused the majority of the Jamestown colonists to die of starvation and disease?
What event caused the majority of the Jamestown colonists to die of starvation and disease?
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Who was the chief of the Powhatan Confederacy when the colonists arrived?
Who was the chief of the Powhatan Confederacy when the colonists arrived?
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What was Captain John Smith's strategy for dealing with the Powhatan Indians?
What was Captain John Smith's strategy for dealing with the Powhatan Indians?
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What was the economic impact of John Rolfe's introduction of tobacco to the Jamestown colony?
What was the economic impact of John Rolfe's introduction of tobacco to the Jamestown colony?
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What consequence followed the death of Chief Powhatan in 1618?
What consequence followed the death of Chief Powhatan in 1618?
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What was the main reason the initial settlers considered abandoning Jamestown?
What was the main reason the initial settlers considered abandoning Jamestown?
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What primary crop led to the expansion of land and conflicts with the Powhatan tribe?
What primary crop led to the expansion of land and conflicts with the Powhatan tribe?
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How did the location of Jamestown affect its interactions with the Powhatan Confederacy?
How did the location of Jamestown affect its interactions with the Powhatan Confederacy?
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What major challenge did the Jamestown colony face during the 'Starving Time'?
What major challenge did the Jamestown colony face during the 'Starving Time'?
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What was the term for the laborers brought from England to work in America under a contract?
What was the term for the laborers brought from England to work in America under a contract?
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What significant event occurred in 1619 in relation to slavery in the Virginia colony?
What significant event occurred in 1619 in relation to slavery in the Virginia colony?
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How were the first African individuals brought to Jamestown initially treated?
How were the first African individuals brought to Jamestown initially treated?
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Why did planters begin to rely on African slaves instead of American Indians?
Why did planters begin to rely on African slaves instead of American Indians?
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What was the name of the first representative government in the Virginia colony?
What was the name of the first representative government in the Virginia colony?
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What was one of the early laws passed by the House of Burgesses?
What was one of the early laws passed by the House of Burgesses?
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How many settlements were represented in the House of Burgesses by 1619?
How many settlements were represented in the House of Burgesses by 1619?
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What was one of the primary reasons Spanish settlers built ranches and sugar cane plantations?
What was one of the primary reasons Spanish settlers built ranches and sugar cane plantations?
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How did the Spanish colonization impact the population of American Indians?
How did the Spanish colonization impact the population of American Indians?
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Who was Bartolome de Las Casas and what did he advocate for?
Who was Bartolome de Las Casas and what did he advocate for?
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What was a significant consequence of the Spanish missionaries' activities?
What was a significant consequence of the Spanish missionaries' activities?
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What motivated French settlers to explore Canada initially?
What motivated French settlers to explore Canada initially?
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What was Samuel de Champlain's strategy in dealing with American Indian groups?
What was Samuel de Champlain's strategy in dealing with American Indian groups?
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What role did beaver pelts play in French colonization efforts?
What role did beaver pelts play in French colonization efforts?
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Why did Spanish missions become strategically important as Spain expanded into California?
Why did Spanish missions become strategically important as Spain expanded into California?
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What significant achievement is associated with Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet during their expedition in 1673?
What significant achievement is associated with Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet during their expedition in 1673?
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What region did Rene-Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle name after the French king, Louis XIV?
What region did Rene-Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle name after the French king, Louis XIV?
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What was a primary reason for establishing forts in the Louisiana Territory?
What was a primary reason for establishing forts in the Louisiana Territory?
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How did the agriculture in Louisiana compare to the rest of New France?
How did the agriculture in Louisiana compare to the rest of New France?
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What happened to La Salle's expedition in 1687?
What happened to La Salle's expedition in 1687?
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Who became governor of Louisiana at the age of 21?
Who became governor of Louisiana at the age of 21?
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Which crop was NOT mentioned as one grown on Louisiana plantations?
Which crop was NOT mentioned as one grown on Louisiana plantations?
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What effect did successful plantations have on trade with American Indians?
What effect did successful plantations have on trade with American Indians?
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Study Notes
England's First Permanent Colony
- Jamestown, Virginia, established in 1607, was England's first permanent colony in North America.
- The Virginia Company, a group of merchants, received a charter from King James I to establish the colony.
- Initial location choice was poor, site was swampy, and the water from the James River was salty.
- Settlers lacked experience in outdoor work, focused on treasure instead of hard labour.
Jamestown's Challenges
- Poor planning and preparation led to hardship.
- Starvation and disease were prevalent, with two-thirds of the colonists dying.
- Captain John Smith took over as leader, introduced a 'work or starve' policy that helped save the colony.
- Continuing support from the Virginia Company provided supplies but also had delays.
- Settlers arrived at the colony with little practical knowledge for the tasks involved in its establishment.
Jamestown Leadership
- First seven men on the colony's council lacked cooperation and trust in one another.
- Captain John Smith's firm leadership and focus on necessary work was key to the colony's survival.
- The Virginia Company continued support despite early struggles, sending ships with supplies.
Arrival of Women
- The "First Supply" in January 1608 brought 100 new settlers.
- The "Second Supply," arrived in October 1608, included 70 new settlers and the first two women, Martha Forest and Anne Burras.
- Gender imbalance negatively impacted the community, and the ratio remained skewed throughout the 17th century.
Relations with Powhatan
- Jamestown was located within Powhatan territory, a union of about 30 tribes, led by Chief Powhatan.
- Captain John Smith prioritized avoiding conflict with the Powhatan to secure resources and food.
- Trade and mutual respect were initially maintained, but the increasing size of Jamestown and its increasing needs eventually caused conflict.
Tobacco and the Economy
- Tobacco was introduced to the colony by John Rolfe (c1612) and became a crucial cash crop, driving population growth and wealth.
- Tobacco's popularity led to a demand for more land, resulting in conflicts with the Powhatan.
- Indentured servitude and later, the transatlantic slave trade, provided labour to cultivate the ever-growing tobacco demand.
Early Government and the House of Burgesses
- The House of Burgesses, a representative body for settling disputes, was established in 1619, marking the first representative government in North America.
- The House of Burgesses remained a key part of Virginia Colony governance despite the Virginia Company eventually losing its control.
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Description
Explore the establishment of Jamestown, Virginia, as England's first permanent colony in North America. This quiz covers the challenges faced by the settlers, including starvation and disease, as well as the leadership of Captain John Smith. Test your knowledge on the early days of this significant historical event.