Jal Hi Amrit Initiative Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the Ecomark labeling system introduced in 2024?

  • Increasing exports of chemical products
  • Encouraging the use of highly hazardous pesticides
  • Promoting traditional manufacturing methods
  • Promoting eco-friendly products and sustainability (correct)

Which body is responsible for the oversight and implementation of the Ecomark Rules?

  • Bureau of Indian Standards
  • Steering Committee headed by the Environment Secretary (correct)
  • Ministry of Agriculture
  • Central Pollution Control Board

For how long is the Ecomark license valid once granted?

  • Five years
  • Three years (correct)
  • One year
  • Two years

What does the Bonn Declaration primarily aim to address?

<p>Illegal trade and hazardous waste management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following products may be eligible for Ecomark certification?

<p>Electronics and cosmetics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Indian Forest & Wood Certification Scheme promote?

<p>Sustainable forest management and agroforestry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant outcome of the Ecomark labeling system for consumers?

<p>Informed purchase decisions on environmental products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle does the Ecomark align with to promote sustainability?

<p>Lifestyle for Environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the proposed European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR)?

<p>To ensure that certain goods do not contribute to deforestation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which agricultural commodity has been identified as responsible for 57% of global deforestation over the past two decades?

<p>Soy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is biodiversity credit primarily used for?

<p>To finance activities like forest conservation or restoration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has contributed to the loss of approximately 15.9 million hectares of primary forests from 2015 to 2023?

<p>Shifting agriculture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the Bonn Challenge's 2020 target of restoring 150 million hectares was achieved from 2000 to 2019?

<p>18% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of fires on the area loss in forested Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) from 2001 to 2023?

<p>One third of area loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been the trend in mining activities in tropical moist forest ecosystems from 2000 to 2019?

<p>Mining volumes doubled (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What recent phenomenon has been observed in the Antarctic Peninsula due to climate change?

<p>Increase in plant cover (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as greenwashing according to the recent guidelines?

<p>A practice involving exaggerating or making vague environmental claims. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who do the guidelines on greenwashing apply to?

<p>Any entity making environmental claims. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the substantiation of environmental claims?

<p>Presence of third-party certification and accessible evidence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be specified in environmental claims made in advertisements?

<p>Whether the claim pertains to the entire product or a specific part. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the guidelines against greenwashing?

<p>Selective data presentation is permissible for promotional purposes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the EnviStats India 2024 publication?

<p>Comprehensive data on energy, ocean, soil, and biodiversity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What framework does EnviStats adhere to for compiling data?

<p>System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition must aspirational environmental claims meet according to the guidelines?

<p>Clear and actionable plans must be in place for achieving objectives. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Greenwashing Definition

Deceptive or misleading environmental claims, including concealing, omitting, or exaggerating information.

Greenwashing Applicability

All environmental claims made by manufacturers, advertisers, service providers, and endorsers are subject to these guidelines.

Substantiation of Environmental Claims

Environmental claims must be backed by verifiable evidence from independent studies or third-party certifications.

Adequate Disclosures

All environmental claims in ads must be fully disclosed directly or through easily accessible methods (e.g., QR codes).

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Aspirational Claims

Future environmental claims are permitted only if there are clear, actionable plans for reaching the stated goals.

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EnviStats India

Environment Statistics publication providing information about the environment, its changes, and influencing factors compiled using SEEA framework.

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SEEE Framework

System of Environmental-Economic Accounting framework.

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Environmental Claim

Any statement about the environmental aspects of a service or product, e.g., sustainability, eco-friendliness, and resource efficiency.

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GFC (Bonn Declaration)

A multi-sectoral agreement with 28 targets to manage chemicals and waste, including stopping illegal trade and eliminating hazardous pesticides by 2035.

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Ecomark Rules, 2024

Rules for an eco-friendly labeling system for products like food, cosmetics, and electronics, promoting sustainability and resource efficiency.

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Ecomark Grant Criteria

Products must have a valid licence/certificate from BIS and satisfy environmental criteria regarding resource use and impact.

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Ecomark Application Process

Manufacturers apply for the Ecomark through the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).

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Ecomark Validity

The Ecomark is valid for 3 years.

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Ecomark Oversight

The Ecomark is overseen by a Steering Committee headed by the Environment Secretary.

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Indian Forest & Wood Certification Scheme

A voluntary third-party certification scheme to promote sustainable forest management and agroforestry.

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Sustainable Forest Management

Forest management that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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EUDR

A regulation by the European Union aimed at preventing deforestation and forest degradation by ensuring that certain goods imported into the EU are produced sustainably.

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Biodiversity Credits

An economic tool that allows companies to fund conservation and restoration projects by buying credits representing positive impact on nature.

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What is the purpose of Biodiversity Credits?

Biodiversity credits aim to create a net-positive impact on nature and biodiversity by incentivizing conservation and restoration efforts.

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How do Biodiversity Credits work?

Organizations working on conservation generate credits (like certificates) that companies can purchase to fulfill their biodiversity commitments.

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Greening of Antarctica

The increase in plant cover, particularly moss, on the Antarctic Peninsula due to rising temperatures and increased heatwaves.

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Commodity Production - Deforestation

The production of agricultural commodities like soy, palm oil, and beef is a major driver of deforestation, responsible for 57% of global deforestation in the past two decades.

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Shifting Agriculture - Deforestation

Expanding agriculture into primary forests, especially for crops like palm oil and soy, is responsible for significant primary forest loss.

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Mining - Deforestation

Mining activities, particularly in tropical moist forest ecosystems, have doubled in volume from 2000 to 2019, contributing to deforestation.

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Study Notes

Jal Hi Amrit (JHA) Initiative

  • Launched under AMRUT 2.0, a program for urban rejuvenation
  • Aims to create "Water-Secure Cities"
  • Builds on the success of AMRUT 1.0
  • Focuses on efficient sewage treatment, water treatment plants, and water recycling
  • Incentivizes states/UTs for improved STP/UWTP management
  • Promotes circular water economy for reuse in construction, industry, and irrigation
  • Implements a star rating system to evaluate and reward excellent UWTPs
  • Recycling and reusing treated water is prioritized for sustainable water management

AMRUT 1.0

  • Mission period from 2015 to 2020
  • Covered 500 cities and towns
  • Focused on water supply, sewerage, septage management, storm water, green spaces, and urban transport

AMRUT 2.0

  • Mission period from 2021 to 2026
  • Aims to cover all statutory towns in the country
  • Universal water supply coverage to all households in all statutory towns
  • Plans for comprehensive management of sewage and septage in 500 cities

Water Recycling and Reuse

  • Definition: Reclaiming and treating water from various sources for beneficial purposes (municipal wastewater, industrial/cooling water, stormwater, agricultural runoff, return flows)
  • Key benefits:
    • Preserves freshwater resources by reducing the diversion of freshwater from sensitive ecosystems
    • Saves energy for extraction/transport of freshwater
    • Reduces greenhouse gas emissions through efficient irrigation

Water Reuse Technology

  • Membrane Bioreactor (MBR): Combines biological treatment with membrane separation.
  • Ultrafiltration (UF): Purifies water by separating particulate matter from soluble compounds using an ultrafine membrane.
  • Reverse Osmosis (RO): Uses a semi-permeable membrane to remove most dissolved salts, organics, bacteria, and pyrogens.
  • Disinfection technologies (UV/Ozone/Advanced Oxidation): Final treatment stage using UV radiation, ozone, or advanced oxidation processes to destroy organic compounds.
  • Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR): Electrically-driven ion separation utilizing voltage-activated membranes.
  • Evaporation/Crystallization: Concentrates wastewater for further treatment.

Socio-economic Benefits of Water Recycling

  • Increases water availability in water-stressed/arid areas
  • Provides a reliable water source to industries and agriculture
  • Improves agricultural yield with beneficial nutrients extracted from wastewater

Challenges of Water Recycling

  • Precise treatment required for industrial wastewater
  • High initial investment costs for recycling systems
  • Membrane fouling and maintenance issues
  • Energy intensive, especially for low-quality water processing
  • Lack of standards and guidelines for specific sectors' reuse requirements
  • Potential social/cultural resistance hindering reuse adoption

Hyperlocal Weather Forecasting (CoS-it-FloWS)

  • Community-sourced system for flood forecasting in Kerala
  • Collects hyperlocal data (rainfall, river, tidal, groundwater levels) primarily from students, women, and youth
  • Uses 100 rain gauges
  • Provides real-time insights for flood preparedness and proactive decision-making

Significance of Hyperlocal Weather Forecasts

  • Enhanced disaster preparedness and risk mitigation, especially for extreme weather events
  • Supports agricultural practices and livelihoods by providing precise weather information for optimal resource utilization
  • Supports better urban traffic management strategies and route planning

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Jal Hi Amrit Initiative - 2024 Current Affairs

Description

Explore the Jal Hi Amrit Initiative launched under AMRUT 2.0, aimed at creating water-secure cities through efficient water and sewage management. Understand the goals, strategies, and legacy of AMRUT 1.0 and 2.0, including the importance of recycling and circular water economy. Delve into the initiatives promoting sustainable urban development and water management practices.

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