Jal Hi Amrit Initiative Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the Ecomark labeling system introduced in 2024?

Increasing exports of chemical products

Encouraging the use of highly hazardous pesticides

Promoting traditional manufacturing methods

Promoting eco-friendly products and sustainability (correct)

Which body is responsible for the oversight and implementation of the Ecomark Rules?

Bureau of Indian Standards

Steering Committee headed by the Environment Secretary (correct)

Ministry of Agriculture

Central Pollution Control Board

For how long is the Ecomark license valid once granted?

Five years

Three years (correct)

One year

Two years

What does the Bonn Declaration primarily aim to address?

Illegal trade and hazardous waste management Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following products may be eligible for Ecomark certification?

Electronics and cosmetics Signup and view all the answers

What does the Indian Forest & Wood Certification Scheme promote?

Sustainable forest management and agroforestry Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant outcome of the Ecomark labeling system for consumers?

Informed purchase decisions on environmental products Signup and view all the answers

Which principle does the Ecomark align with to promote sustainability?

Lifestyle for Environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the proposed European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR)?

To ensure that certain goods do not contribute to deforestation Signup and view all the answers

Which agricultural commodity has been identified as responsible for 57% of global deforestation over the past two decades?

Soy Signup and view all the answers

What is biodiversity credit primarily used for?

To finance activities like forest conservation or restoration Signup and view all the answers

What has contributed to the loss of approximately 15.9 million hectares of primary forests from 2015 to 2023?

Shifting agriculture Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the Bonn Challenge's 2020 target of restoring 150 million hectares was achieved from 2000 to 2019?

18% Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of fires on the area loss in forested Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) from 2001 to 2023?

One third of area loss Signup and view all the answers

What has been the trend in mining activities in tropical moist forest ecosystems from 2000 to 2019?

Mining volumes doubled Signup and view all the answers

What recent phenomenon has been observed in the Antarctic Peninsula due to climate change?

Increase in plant cover Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as greenwashing according to the recent guidelines?

A practice involving exaggerating or making vague environmental claims. Signup and view all the answers

Who do the guidelines on greenwashing apply to?

Any entity making environmental claims. Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the substantiation of environmental claims?

Presence of third-party certification and accessible evidence. Signup and view all the answers

What must be specified in environmental claims made in advertisements?

Whether the claim pertains to the entire product or a specific part. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the guidelines against greenwashing?

Selective data presentation is permissible for promotional purposes. Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the EnviStats India 2024 publication?

Comprehensive data on energy, ocean, soil, and biodiversity. Signup and view all the answers

What framework does EnviStats adhere to for compiling data?

System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA). Signup and view all the answers

What condition must aspirational environmental claims meet according to the guidelines?

Clear and actionable plans must be in place for achieving objectives. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Jal Hi Amrit (JHA) Initiative

Launched under AMRUT 2.0, a program for urban rejuvenation
Aims to create "Water-Secure Cities"
Builds on the success of AMRUT 1.0
Focuses on efficient sewage treatment, water treatment plants, and water recycling
Incentivizes states/UTs for improved STP/UWTP management
Promotes circular water economy for reuse in construction, industry, and irrigation
Implements a star rating system to evaluate and reward excellent UWTPs
Recycling and reusing treated water is prioritized for sustainable water management

AMRUT 1.0

Mission period from 2015 to 2020
Covered 500 cities and towns
Focused on water supply, sewerage, septage management, storm water, green spaces, and urban transport

AMRUT 2.0

Mission period from 2021 to 2026
Aims to cover all statutory towns in the country
Universal water supply coverage to all households in all statutory towns
Plans for comprehensive management of sewage and septage in 500 cities

Water Recycling and Reuse

Definition: Reclaiming and treating water from various sources for beneficial purposes (municipal wastewater, industrial/cooling water, stormwater, agricultural runoff, return flows)
Key benefits:
- Preserves freshwater resources by reducing the diversion of freshwater from sensitive ecosystems
- Saves energy for extraction/transport of freshwater
- Reduces greenhouse gas emissions through efficient irrigation

Water Reuse Technology

Membrane Bioreactor (MBR): Combines biological treatment with membrane separation.
Ultrafiltration (UF): Purifies water by separating particulate matter from soluble compounds using an ultrafine membrane.
Reverse Osmosis (RO): Uses a semi-permeable membrane to remove most dissolved salts, organics, bacteria, and pyrogens.
Disinfection technologies (UV/Ozone/Advanced Oxidation): Final treatment stage using UV radiation, ozone, or advanced oxidation processes to destroy organic compounds.
Electrodialysis Reversal (EDR): Electrically-driven ion separation utilizing voltage-activated membranes.
Evaporation/Crystallization: Concentrates wastewater for further treatment.

Socio-economic Benefits of Water Recycling

Increases water availability in water-stressed/arid areas
Provides a reliable water source to industries and agriculture
Improves agricultural yield with beneficial nutrients extracted from wastewater

Challenges of Water Recycling

Precise treatment required for industrial wastewater
High initial investment costs for recycling systems
Membrane fouling and maintenance issues
Energy intensive, especially for low-quality water processing
Lack of standards and guidelines for specific sectors' reuse requirements
Potential social/cultural resistance hindering reuse adoption

Hyperlocal Weather Forecasting (CoS-it-FloWS)

Community-sourced system for flood forecasting in Kerala
Collects hyperlocal data (rainfall, river, tidal, groundwater levels) primarily from students, women, and youth
Uses 100 rain gauges
Provides real-time insights for flood preparedness and proactive decision-making

Significance of Hyperlocal Weather Forecasts

Enhanced disaster preparedness and risk mitigation, especially for extreme weather events
Supports agricultural practices and livelihoods by providing precise weather information for optimal resource utilization
Supports better urban traffic management strategies and route planning

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Description

Explore the Jal Hi Amrit Initiative launched under AMRUT 2.0, aimed at creating water-secure cities through efficient water and sewage management. Understand the goals, strategies, and legacy of AMRUT 1.0 and 2.0, including the importance of recycling and circular water economy. Delve into the initiatives promoting sustainable urban development and water management practices.