Factors affecting lung ventilation and compliance
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following describes the interaction between the lung and chest wall during expiration?

  • The lung and chest wall both recoil outward
  • The lung recoils inward while the chest wall recoils outward (correct)
  • The lung and chest wall both recoil inward
  • The lung and chest wall do not interact during expiration

    • What is the intrapleural pressure in the pleural cavity under normal conditions?

  • 0cmH2O
  • +5cmH2O
  • -5cmH2O (correct)
  • -10cmH2O

    • What happens to the lung during pneumothorax?

  • The lung remains unaffected
  • The lung becomes more elastic
  • The lung collapses (correct)
  • The lung expands

    • What is the purpose of lung expansion in creating a pressure gradient for air flow?

    <p>To promote gas exchange in the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pneumothorax is characterized by the accumulation of air in the pleural cavity without any external injury or trauma?

    <p>Spontaneous pneumothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a general sign or symptom of pneumothorax?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical result is dependent on the degree of collapse on the affected side in pneumothorax?

    <p>Tracheal deviation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can be a potential cause of pneumothorax?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common sign of haemothorax?

    <p>Tracheal deviation to affected side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if haemothorax is left untreated?

    <p>Blood accumulation puts pressure on the mediastinum and trachea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of a person's blood volume can the thorax hold?

    <p>30-40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of haemothorax?

    <p>Trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with haemothorax?

    <p>Dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical finding indicates tracheal deviation in a patient with haemothorax?

    <p>Unequal chest rise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does haemothorax limit the heart's ability to fill with blood?

    <p>By putting pressure on the mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following contributes to the elastic recoil of the lung along with the elastin and collagen fibers found in the alveolar wall?

    <p>Surface tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Laplace's law, which of the following has a high collapsing pressure?

    <p>An alveolus with small radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the collapsing pressure and the surface tension according to Laplace's law?

    <p>Directly proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does surface tension have on the alveoli?

    <p>It reduces alveolar compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does an alveolus with a high collapsing pressure require more force to keep it open for gas exchange?

    <p>It increases surface tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of pulmonary surfactant?

    <p>Collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of pulmonary surfactant?

    <p>To prevent alveolar collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of alveolar interdependence in stabilizing the alveoli?

    <p>To prevent alveolar collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a newborn lacks pulmonary surfactant?

    <p>Respiratory distress syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor responsible for the pressure difference between smaller and larger alveoli according to Laplace's law?

    <p>Surface tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of interdependence in preventing alveolar collapse?

    <p>Interdependence stabilizes the alveoli, balancing the recoil force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of alveolar collapse in isolated alveoli?

    <p>A relative lack of pulmonary surfactant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to alveoli with a relative lack of pulmonary surfactant?

    <p>They collapse spontaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells produce pulmonary surfactant?

    <p>Type II alveolar epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is responsible for preventing alveolar collapse in the presence of varying alveolar sizes?

    <p>Interdependence of alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes the most to the work of breathing during inspiration?

    <p>Elastic recoil of lungs and thorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the conventional measure of the ability of distension of the lungs?

    <p>Compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by increased lung compliance and flabby lungs?

    <p>Emphysema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor decreases lung compliance?

    <p>Surface tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by decreased lung compliance and rigid lungs?

    <p>Pulmonary fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between lung compliance and elasticity?

    <p>Lung compliance and elasticity are inversely proportional.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to decreased lung compliance?

    <p>Increased elasticity of the lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does surface tension have on lung compliance?

    <p>Surface tension decreases lung compliance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor directly affects lung compliance by altering intrapleural pressure?

    <p>Gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to increased lung compliance in the lower section of the lungs?

    <p>Effect of gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does pulmonary congestion or pulmonary edema have on lung compliance?

    <p>Decreased compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Severe kyphoscoliosis can lead to significant rib distortion and respiratory dysfunction. What happens to respiratory impairment with age?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gender is more affected by restrictive lung disease in terms of both prevalence and severity?

    <p>Females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by the accumulation of air in the pleural cavity without any external injury or trauma?

    <p>Pneumothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical examination feature is important in identifying hemothorax?

    <p>Dull resonance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is compliance defined?

    <p>Change in volume produced by a change in pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

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