46 Questions
Which of the following describes the interaction between the lung and chest wall during expiration?
The lung recoils inward while the chest wall recoils outward
What is the intrapleural pressure in the pleural cavity under normal conditions?
-5cmH2O
What happens to the lung during pneumothorax?
The lung collapses
What is the purpose of lung expansion in creating a pressure gradient for air flow?
To promote gas exchange in the alveoli
Which type of pneumothorax is characterized by the accumulation of air in the pleural cavity without any external injury or trauma?
Spontaneous pneumothorax
Which of the following is NOT a general sign or symptom of pneumothorax?
Headache
What clinical result is dependent on the degree of collapse on the affected side in pneumothorax?
Tracheal deviation
Which condition can be a potential cause of pneumothorax?
All of the above
Which of the following is a common sign of haemothorax?
Tracheal deviation to affected side
What happens if haemothorax is left untreated?
Blood accumulation puts pressure on the mediastinum and trachea
What percentage of a person's blood volume can the thorax hold?
30-40%
What is the most common cause of haemothorax?
Trauma
Which symptom is commonly associated with haemothorax?
Dyspnea
What clinical finding indicates tracheal deviation in a patient with haemothorax?
Unequal chest rise
How does haemothorax limit the heart's ability to fill with blood?
By putting pressure on the mediastinum
Which of the following contributes to the elastic recoil of the lung along with the elastin and collagen fibers found in the alveolar wall?
Surface tension
According to Laplace's law, which of the following has a high collapsing pressure?
An alveolus with small radius
What is the relationship between the collapsing pressure and the surface tension according to Laplace's law?
Directly proportional
What effect does surface tension have on the alveoli?
It reduces alveolar compliance
Why does an alveolus with a high collapsing pressure require more force to keep it open for gas exchange?
It increases surface tension
Which of the following is NOT a component of pulmonary surfactant?
Collagen fibers
What is the main function of pulmonary surfactant?
To prevent alveolar collapse
What is the role of alveolar interdependence in stabilizing the alveoli?
To prevent alveolar collapse
What happens if a newborn lacks pulmonary surfactant?
Respiratory distress syndrome
What is the main factor responsible for the pressure difference between smaller and larger alveoli according to Laplace's law?
Surface tension
Which of the following best describes the role of interdependence in preventing alveolar collapse?
Interdependence stabilizes the alveoli, balancing the recoil force.
What is the main cause of alveolar collapse in isolated alveoli?
A relative lack of pulmonary surfactant.
What happens to alveoli with a relative lack of pulmonary surfactant?
They collapse spontaneously.
Which type of cells produce pulmonary surfactant?
Type II alveolar epithelial cells
Which factor is responsible for preventing alveolar collapse in the presence of varying alveolar sizes?
Interdependence of alveoli
Which factor contributes the most to the work of breathing during inspiration?
Elastic recoil of lungs and thorax
What is the conventional measure of the ability of distension of the lungs?
Compliance
Which condition is characterized by increased lung compliance and flabby lungs?
Emphysema
What factor decreases lung compliance?
Surface tension
Which condition is characterized by decreased lung compliance and rigid lungs?
Pulmonary fibrosis
What is the relationship between lung compliance and elasticity?
Lung compliance and elasticity are inversely proportional.
Which factor contributes to decreased lung compliance?
Increased elasticity of the lung
What effect does surface tension have on lung compliance?
Surface tension decreases lung compliance.
Which factor directly affects lung compliance by altering intrapleural pressure?
Gravity
Which factor contributes to increased lung compliance in the lower section of the lungs?
Effect of gravity
What effect does pulmonary congestion or pulmonary edema have on lung compliance?
Decreased compliance
Severe kyphoscoliosis can lead to significant rib distortion and respiratory dysfunction. What happens to respiratory impairment with age?
It increases
Which gender is more affected by restrictive lung disease in terms of both prevalence and severity?
Females
Which of the following conditions is characterized by the accumulation of air in the pleural cavity without any external injury or trauma?
Pneumothorax
What physical examination feature is important in identifying hemothorax?
Dull resonance
How is compliance defined?
Change in volume produced by a change in pressure
Test your knowledge on factors affecting lung ventilation and compliance, specifically focusing on pneumothorax and haemothorax. Learn about the interaction between the lung and chest wall, and how changes in recoil forces can impact intrapleural pressure.
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