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Questions and Answers

What is considered a terrorist activity under Article 24?

  • Creating art that criticizes governmental policies
  • Sabotage of electric power facilities (correct)
  • Spreading misinformation on social media
  • Leading peaceful protests against the government

    • Which of the following actions would be classified as providing support to a terrorist organization according to Article 26?

  • Training individuals to use weapons (correct)
  • Offering legal advice to a protest group
  • Publishing articles on political theories
  • Donating money to a recognized charity

    • What type of activities does Article 25 specifically criminalize?

  • Organizing a protest rally
  • Deliberately ignoring gun laws
  • Leading a terrorist organization (correct)
  • Campaigning for political office

    • Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a terrorist activity in Article 24?

    <p>Cyber-attacks on government websites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Article 27 categorize as a punishable offense?

    <p>Advocating terrorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following laws are included in the current 14 laws related to Hong Kong?

    <p>Law on the Garrisoning of the HKSAR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tax obligation do Hong Kong residents have in relation to the Central Government?

    <p>They do not pay any taxes to the Central Government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which currency can the HKSAR continue to use and issue?

    <p>Hong Kong Dollar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinctive role does the HKSAR have in relation to customs?

    <p>It is a customs territory separate from other parts of China.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum age requirement for the Chief Executive of the HKSAR?

    <p>40 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which article specifies the qualifications for members of the Executive Council of the HKSAR?

    <p>Article 55</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the features that define a state according to Heywood?

    <p>The state is governed by a singular law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one external relationship that the HKSAR can engage in?

    <p>Enter into economic relations with other countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Article 23 of the Basic Law require the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to enact laws against?

    <p>Treason and theft of state secrets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as an offence under the Hong Kong National Security Law (HKNSL)?

    <p>Sedition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Article 7 of the Hong Kong National Security Law?

    <p>To ensure timely legislation for safeguarding national security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act is specifically mentioned in the HKNSL as a threat to national security?

    <p>Collusion with foreign forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the Hong Kong National Security Law come into effect?

    <p>30 June 2020</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the HKNSL categorize activities that jeopardize national security?

    <p>Foreign influence and terrorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following categories is included in the Basic Law but not in the HKNSL?

    <p>Theft of state secrets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act is included under the offence of treason?

    <p>Use or threat of force to endanger sovereignty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activity does the Basic Law prohibit foreign political organizations from doing in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region?

    <p>Engaging in political activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What offence is associated with acts of insurrection?

    <p>Acts with seditious intention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the offence of unlawful disclosure prohibit?

    <p>Improper acts of disclosure by public officers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT classified under offences in connection with state secrets?

    <p>Publicly manifesting intent to disclose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part addresses external interference endangering national security?

    <p>Part 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect has been improved under the offence of espionage?

    <p>Provisions regarding prohibited places</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the specified disclosure defence?

    <p>To protect public interest disclosures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is improved to cover unlawful drilling involving an external force?

    <p>Unlawful drilling provisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum imprisonment term for a person convicted of interfering with national security in relation to computers or electronic systems?

    <p>14 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a related offense under national security regarding prohibited organizations?

    <p>Assisting individuals in legal activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field is included in the holistic view of national security introduced in 2014?

    <p>Cyber security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the HKNSL come into effect?

    <p>30 June 2020</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept of holistic national security encompasses how many major fields?

    <p>Over ten</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a person to commit an offense of external interference endangering national security?

    <p>Collaborating with an external force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an emerging field in the holistic view of national security?

    <p>Biosecurity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Safeguarding National Security Ordinance relate to?

    <p>National security governance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence for someone who unlawfully provides state secrets to a foreign entity?

    <p>They shall be guilty of an offence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act is specifically mentioned as causing serious disruption to the formulation and implementation of laws or policies?

    <p>Waging a war against the People’s Republic of China.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a listed act punishable under Article 29?

    <p>Organizing an independent election in Hong Kong.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effective date of the Safeguarding National Security Ordinance?

    <p>March 23, 2024.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is mentioned as likely to provoke hatred among Hong Kong residents?

    <p>Using unlawful means to criticize the government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the HKNSL and the Safeguarding National Security Ordinance?

    <p>The Ordinance is a local adaptation of the HKNSL.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Article 29 prohibit in relation to foreign assistance?

    <p>Directly or indirectly receiving funding or support from foreign entities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of activities are considered hostile under Article 29?

    <p>Imposing sanctions or engaging in blockades.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Terrorism

    • Article 24 of the Basic Law defines terrorist activities as acts aiming to seriously harm national security through violence or other dangerous means.
    • Article 26 outlines support for a terrorist organization, including providing financial, material, or other assistance to aid in their activities.
    • Article 25 specifically criminalizes acts of terrorism by targeting individuals, organizations, or public facilities with intent to inflict grave harm.
    • Article 24 does not list military operations as a terrorist activity.
    • Article 27 classifies acts of terrorism and support for terrorist acts as punishable offenses.

    Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR)

    • The HKSAR operates under 14 laws related to Hong Kong.
    • Hong Kong residents have tax obligations to the Central Government.
    • The HKSAR continues to use and issue the Hong Kong Dollar (HKD).
    • The HKSAR holds a distinctive role in customs, managing its own border controls and customs procedures.
    • The minimum age requirement for the Chief Executive of the HKSAR is 40 years old.
    • Article 48 specifies the qualifications for members of the Executive Council of the HKSAR.

    State Definition

    • Heywood's definition of a state does not include the presence of a monopoly on legitimate violence.

    HKSAR External Relations

    • The HKSAR can engage in external relations on matters relating to trade, tourism, and investment.

    Article 23 & National Security Law

    • Article 23 requires the HKSAR to enact laws against acts of treason, secession, sedition, and subversion, as well as other acts that endanger national security.
    • The Hong Kong National Security Law (HKNSL) does not classify defamation as an offense.
    • The main purpose of Article 7 of the HKNSL is to ensure the implementation of the law by establishing and maintaining a national security framework.
    • The HKNSL mentions the "three evils of terrorism, separatism, and subversion" as threats to national security.
    • The HKNSL came into effect on 30 June 2020.
    • The HKNSL categorizes activities that jeopardize national security as
      • Treason
      • Secession
      • Sedition
      • Subversion
      • External Interference Endangering National Security
      • Espionage
      • Incitement
      • Disrupting Transport or Communication
      • Disrupting or Attacking Critical Infrastructure
      • Intimidation
      • Offenses in Connection with State Secrets
      • Terrorist Attacks
      • Acts of Foreign Assistance
      • Prohibited Organizations
    • The Basic Law includes the category of acts of terrorism, which is not included in the HKNSL.
    • Treason includes acts of waging war, rebellion, or inciting others to revolt against the Central Government.
    • Foreign political organizations are prohibited from engaging in political activities within the HKSAR.
    • Acts of insurrection fall under the offence of sedition.
    • Unlawful disclosure prohibits the unauthorized release of information classified as state secrets.
    • Obstructing justice in state secrecy cases is not classified as an offense in connection with state secrets.
    • Part 4 of the HKNSL addresses external interference endangering national security.
    • The offense of espionage has been improved by clarifying its definition and expanding its scope.
    • The specified disclosure defence allows individuals who have unlawfully obtained information to avoid prosecution if they disclose this information to authorities.
    • The offense related to unlawful drilling involving an external force has been improved to cover a wider range of activities.
    • The maximum imprisonment term for a person convicted of interfering with national security in relation to computers or electronic systems is up to 14 years.
    • Organizating other persons to participate in an unlawful assembly is not a related offense under national security regarding prohibited organizations.
    • The holistic view of national security, introduced in 2014, includes cybersecurity.

    Holistic National Security

    • The HKNSL came into effect on 30 June 2020.
    • The concept of holistic national security encompasses 11 major fields.
    • To commit the offense of external interference endangering national security, a person must intentionally engage in acts that aim to endanger national security.
    • Cybersecurity is an emerging field in the holistic view of national security.
    • The Safeguarding National Security Ordinance relates to activities that endanger national security.
    • If someone unlawfully provides state secrets to a foreign entity, they may face a term of imprisonment of up to 14 years.
    • Acts that seriously disrupt the formulation and implementation of laws or policies are specifically mentioned as causing serious disruption.
    • Illegal possession of a firearm is not listed as a punishable act under Article 29.
    • The Safeguarding National Security Ordinance came into effect on 30 June 2020.
    • Acts that promote violence, hatred, or discrimination are mentioned as likely to provoke hatred among Hong Kong residents.
    • The HKNSL and the Safeguarding National Security Ordinance are complementary laws that work together to safeguard national security in Hong Kong.
    • Article 29 prohibits foreign assistance that interferes with the lawful exercise of the HKSAR’s functions.
    • Acts of intimidation, interference, or disruption are considered hostile under Article 29.

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