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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended frequency of prenatal visits during the weeks of 28 to 35 weeks gestation?

  • Twice weekly
  • Once a month
  • Every 2 weeks (correct)
  • Once a week

Which of the following is NOT a part of the first prenatal visit history assessment?

  • Menstrual history
  • Obstetrical history
  • Physical fitness level (correct)
  • Surgical history

How is the Expected Date of Delivery (EDD) calculated?

  • Substitute the LMP with the date of conception and add 40 weeks
  • Add 3 months to the LMP and add 7 days
  • Count 40 weeks from the last ultrasound date
  • Add 7 days to the LMP and subtract 3 months (correct)

Why is the last menstrual period (LMP) often the most accurate for calculating the expected due date?

<p>It represents a fixed point in time before conception occurs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dietary supplement is recommended at a dosage of 4mg per day during the preconception period?

<p>Folic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stages of a pregnancy should ultrasounds be used to estimate gestational age with varying accuracy?

<p>6-11 weeks, 12-20 weeks, and after 20 weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of prenatal care should be managed before conception?

<p>Chronic diseases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of medication should be considered safe during pregnancy?

<p>Medications without contraindications during pregnancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the first number in the TPAL system represent?

<p>Number of term deliveries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is NOT typically associated with maternal or infant medical history?

<p>Acute appendicitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lab test is primarily used to screen for immunity to rubella during pregnancy?

<p>Rubella titer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a head-to-toe physical examination during the prenatal visit?

<p>Establish baseline physical health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is classified as a Category X medication during pregnancy?

<p>Warfarin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic condition is specifically screened for in Ashkenazi Jewish populations due to its higher prevalence?

<p>Tay-Sachs disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the predicted outcome if a pregnant woman contracts varicella during the first trimester?

<p>Higher likelihood of congenital varicella syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of screening for Group B Streptococcus (GBS) during the third trimester?

<p>To prevent pneumonia and sepsis in newborns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT classified under the TORCH infections?

<p>Syphilis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When evaluating a patient’s obstetric medical record, which factor is considered a risk question?

<p>Age of the mother (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of maternal toxoplasmosis during the first trimester?

<p>Serious complications such as blindness and brain damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding rubella and its effects during pregnancy?

<p>Congenital defects can include cardiac defects and deafness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk associated with maternal parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy?

<p>Fetal hydrops (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which infection is known to have a high risk of perinatal transmission and can lead to HIV in the mother?

<p>Herpes Simplex Virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern related to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders during pregnancy?

<p>Structural brain changes and cognitive deficits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does maternal infection with Cytomegalovirus primarily affect the fetus?

<p>It can result in mental retardation, microcephaly, and blindness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended action if a pregnant woman has lesions from herpes simplex virus at delivery?

<p>Deliver by Cesarean section to prevent perinatal infection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of fetal development is most at risk due to binge drinking during pregnancy?

<p>Cognitive and behavioral deficits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for fetal heart tones during the third trimester?

<p>120-160 beats/min (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with the highest risk of complication for a breech delivery?

<p>Entrapment of the head above the cervix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which weeks should gestational diabetes be routinely screened?

<p>24-28 weeks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for performing Leopold maneuvers after 34 weeks gestation?

<p>To determine fetal presenting part (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended method for fetal movement counting starting at 30 weeks?

<p>Count movements for 2 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom during the third trimester is considered concerning and warrants further assessment?

<p>Sudden gush of fluid from the vagina (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a likely diagnosis of gestational diabetes following a screening test?

<p>Two abnormal glucose values or elevated fasting glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common change in vaginal discharge during pregnancy?

<p>Mild increase is normal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential risk factor for preterm labor?

<p>Hyperreflexia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a vaginal swab for Group B Streptococcus at 36 weeks assess?

<p>Presence of sepsis risk for the infant at delivery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of percentage of women who reported drinking during pregnancy?

<p>20 to 30 percent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk associated with Valproic Acid during pregnancy?

<p>1-2% risk of neural tube defects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT typically associated with pre-existing diabetes during pregnancy?

<p>Hyperemesis gravidarum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily caffeine intake limit during pregnancy?

<p>200 mg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical gestational weight gain expectation for a woman with a BMI of 35?

<p>Approximately 15 lbs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundal height measurement method used to assess during pregnancy?

<p>Distance from the pubic symphysis to the top of the fundus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following electrolytes abnormalities is a concern in hyperemesis gravidarum?

<p>Hyponatremia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal in managing nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP)?

<p>To ensure hydration and tolerate oral fluids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common recommendation for managing varicosities during pregnancy?

<p>Elevate feet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition during pregnancy is characterized by severe nausea and inability to tolerate oral intake?

<p>Hyperemesis gravidarum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of pregnant women typically report experiencing nausea and vomiting during pregnancy?

<p>70-80% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what gestational week is fetal movement first typically noted by the patient during their first pregnancy?

<p>18-22 weeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During prenatal visits, what is typically assessed regarding fetal heart tones?

<p>They should be present after 12 weeks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk associated with maternal seizure medications during pregnancy?

<p>Increased risk of teratogenic effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Prenatal Care Frequency

Prenatal care visits are scheduled at varying intervals throughout pregnancy, based on gestational weeks, beginning with a new extensive visit in the first trimester.

Expected Date of Delivery (EDD)

A calculation determining the estimated date the baby is expected to arrive, usually based on the last menstrual period (LMP).

First Prenatal Visit

The first visit includes a comprehensive history (menstrual, obstetrical, gynecological, medical, social) to gather information and plan for care, as well as physical exams, laboratory data, and psychological/nutritional assessments.

Prenatal Screening

Routine screening for cervical/breast cancer, along with folic acid, calcium, iron, and prenatal vitamins to ensure proper levels.

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Gestational Weeks

Weeks tracking pregnancy, calculated from the earliest estimated due date, commonly derived from the first menstrual period (LMP).

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Assisted Reproduction Impact

If patients conceived using assisted reproduction methods (e.g., IVF), EDD calculations should be derived from the date of ovulation, not LMP.

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Ultrasound's Role in EDD

Ultrasound can be crucial in determining gestational age, particularly in the first trimester, to determine EDD +/- 7 days, 10 days [12-20 weeks], 14-20 days [20+ weeks], with LMP being the baseline method in pregnancy.

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Obstetrical History

Information about past pregnancies providing insights into potential issues or risks in the current pregnancy.

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Gravidity

The total number of pregnancies a woman has experienced, including current one.

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Parity

The number of live births a woman has given birth to.

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TPAL

Term, Preterm, Abortions/Miscarriages, Living Children - used to track pregnancy history.

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Prenatal Visit

A scheduled visit to the doctor for monitoring during pregnancy.

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Maternal History

Detailed medical history of the expectant mother, including prior pregnancies and existing conditions.

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Standard Lab Tests

Essential blood tests (blood type, anemia, syphilis, immunity, renal disease, cervical cancer screening etc) and urine analysis done during pregnancy.

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TORCH Infections

Infections (Toxoplasmosis, Other, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus) that may affect the fetus during pregnancy.

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Teratogens

Substances, exposures, and factors that may cause birth defects.

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Autosomal Recessive Traits

Genetic conditions that manifest when two copies of an altered gene are inherited.

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Obstetric Medical Record

Complete record of a pregnant patient, including detailed information, history, and ongoing conditions throughout the pregnancy.

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TORCH Infections

Infections (Toxoplasmosis, Other, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus) that may harm a fetus during pregnancy.

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Toxoplasmosis

A protozoal infection transmitted to a mother through raw meat or contact with infected cat feces.

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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Conditions caused by a pregnant mother's alcohol consumption, impacting the developing fetal CNS.

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Varicella

A herpesvirus that can cause neonatal complications and maternal pneumonia.

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Rubella complications

1st trimester rubella can cause a substantial risk, up to 50% chance of fetal malformations.

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Syphilis risk

Syphilis during pregnancy can lead to fetal death, PTL, PTD, IUGR, and perinatal transmission.

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Cytomegalovirus risks

Cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy can cause fetal defects, including mental retardation and blindness.

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Maternal HIV risk

Maternal HIV carries perinatal transmission risk to the fetus.

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Third Trimester Appointments

Prenatal visits every 2 weeks to 36 weeks, then weekly until delivery.

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Fundal Height

Measurement of the top of the uterus, important for fetal growth assessment.

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Fetal Heart Tones (FHT)

Monitoring fetal heartbeat; started at 12 weeks and continuing throughout pregnancy.

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Breech Presentation

Fetus positioned bottom-first; a risk factor needing care and possible delivery method changes.

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Gestational Diabetes Screening

Screen for diabetes at 24-28 weeks or earlier if risk factors exist.

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Fetal Movement Counting

Assess fetal movements daily after 30 weeks; should have 10+ movements in 2 hrs.

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Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM)

Premature leakage of amniotic fluid before labor.

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Leopold Maneuvers

Physical exam technique evaluating fetal presentation (position).

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Vaginal Bleeding (spotting)

Bleeding from vagina; worrisome sign requiring evaluation.

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Group B Strep (GBS)

Bacteria normally present in vagina; screened at 36 weeks; treated with antibiotics if present during labor.

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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)

A range of effects on a child's development caused by a mother's alcohol use during pregnancy.

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Binge drinking (pregnancy)

Consuming 4 or more drinks in a single occasion during pregnancy.

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Seizure medications (risks)

Certain seizure medications may pose risks to the developing fetus, e.g., neural tube defects.

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Pre-existing diabetes (risks)

Higher risk of birth defects and fetal complications for women with pre-existing diabetes.

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Normal pregnancy weight gain

25-35 pounds for singleton pregnancy, adjusted by initial BMI.

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Foods to avoid (pregnancy)

Certain foods, like raw meats and unpasteurized dairy, can carry pathogens harmful to the mother and fetus.

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Caffeine restriction

Limit caffeine intake to less than 200 mg per day during pregnancy.

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Prenatal visits (first trimester)

Regular visits every 4 weeks in the first trimester to monitor progress for early detection.

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Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy (NVP)

Common condition during pregnancy, typically starting early on and resolving by the second trimester.

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Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Severe nausea and vomitting, needing medical attention during pregnancy.

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Varicosities (causes)

Dilated veins—often in the legs—due to hormonal relaxation during pregnancy.

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Fundal height measurement

Measurement of uterus size, used to assess fetal growth.

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First Fetal Movement

Week 18-22 in majority of first pregnancies.

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NTD

Neural tube defects, higher risk with some seizure medications.

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