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Questions and Answers
What are the three stages of cellular respiration?
What are the three stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron transport chain
Where does glycolysis occur?
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm
What is the net ATP produced during glycolysis?
What is the net ATP produced during glycolysis?
2 ATP
Glycolysis uses oxygen to proceed.
Glycolysis uses oxygen to proceed.
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Which enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose in glycolysis?
Which enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose in glycolysis?
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What does NAD+ become when it accepts hydrogen ions and electrons?
What does NAD+ become when it accepts hydrogen ions and electrons?
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The enzyme _____ converts glucose-6-phosphate into fructose-6-phosphate.
The enzyme _____ converts glucose-6-phosphate into fructose-6-phosphate.
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What type of inhibition is observed when ATP levels are high in glycolysis?
What type of inhibition is observed when ATP levels are high in glycolysis?
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The first half of glycolysis requires an investment of energy.
The first half of glycolysis requires an investment of energy.
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What are the products of the glycolysis reaction when glucose is broken down?
What are the products of the glycolysis reaction when glucose is broken down?
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Study Notes
Cellular Respiration
- Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose to release energy in the form of ATP.
- There are three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Glycolysis
- Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
- During glycolysis, a six-carbon glucose molecule is broken down into two three-carbon pyruvate molecules.
- This process results in a net production of two ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
- Glycolysis does not require oxygen, so it can occur in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
- The enzyme hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate in the first step of glycolysis.
- When NAD+ accepts hydrogen ions and electrons, it becomes NADH.
- The enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase converts glucose-6-phosphate into fructose-6-phosphate.
- When ATP levels are high, glycolysis is inhibited through feedback inhibition. This is a type of allosteric regulation that prevents the cell from producing excess ATP and conserves resources.
- The first half of glycolysis requires an investment of two ATP molecules to activate the glucose molecule and prepare it for cleavage. This is a key point to remember because it emphasizes that glycolysis itself involves energy investment before energy can be produced.
- The final products of glycolysis are two pyruvate molecules, two ATP molecules, and two NADH molecules.
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