Untitled Quiz

Electr

• onic Business SystemsElectronic business systems use the internet, data management, e-business systems, and security.

Chapter 3: The Internet and the World Wide Web

• Domain ames are used to make internet addresses easier to understand.
• Domain names consist of segments separated by periods.
• For instance, in "www.microsoft.com", "www" is the specific computer, "com" is the top-level domain, and "Microsoft" is the subdomain.
• Top-level domains (TLDs) are the most general identifiers in a domain name.
• Examples of original general TLDs include .com (commercial), .edu (educational), .gov (government), .mil (military), .net (general use), .org (nonprofit).
• New general TLDs (2000) include .aero (air-transport industry), .biz (businesses), .coop (cooperatives), .info (general use), .museum (museums), .name (individual people), .pro (professionals).
• Country TLDs include .au (Australia), .ca (Canada), .de (Germany), .fi (Finland), .fr (France), .jp (Japan), .se (Sweden), .uk (United Kingdom).
• Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) controls the domain name system.
• Network Solutions, Inc. (NSI) issues and administers domain names.

Web Page Delivery

• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) delivers web pages over the internet.
• HTTP uses a client-server model.
• A user's web browser requests a web page from a remote server.
• The server sends an HTTP response back to the browser.
• A uniform resource locator (URL) combines the protocol name and domain name.

SMTP, POP, MIME, and IMAP

• E-mail requires a common formatting to be readable across different companies.
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) formats and administers mail.
• Post Office Protocol (POP) allows email programs to request mail from a main email server.
• Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) allows attachment of binary files to email.
• Interactive Mail Access Protocol (IMAP) has similar functions to POP but with added features.

Internet Client/Server Applications

• Applications like email, file transfer, chat, and use-net newsgroups utilize various protocols.
• Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP), Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3), and Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) are used for email.
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP) facilitates the uploading and downloading of files.
• Internet Relay Chat Protocol (IRC) allows real-time communication.
• Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) facilitates asynchronous discussions in newsgroups.
• Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) powers the World Wide Web.

Intranets and Extranets

• Intranets are internal networks that do not extend outside the organization.

• Intranets are used to distribute corporate information.

• An intranet employs web browsers and internet protocols (e.g., TCP/IP, FTP, Telnet, HTML, HTTP).

• Intranets often include firewalls.

• Extranets extend intranets to include outside entities like partners and suppliers

• Extranets can be public networks, secured private networks, or virtual private networks (VPNs).

• A public network is freely accessible to anyone.

• A private network is a connection between entities, like two companies.

• VPN (virtual private network) creates a secure network connection over the internet.

Internet Programming

• Server-side programs operate on the server to process requests and return output.
• Client-side programs run on user's computers to provide an immediate response.
• Common Gateway Interface (CGI) scripts are used to manage requests and responses.

Program

• Programs involve steps to achieve a goal or solve a problem.
• Programs can be algorithmic (well defined steps) or use heuristics (human judgment, experience).

Computer Programming

• Markup languages use tags to format and display content (e.g., HTML).
• Procedural languages use sequential commands with decision points.
• Object-oriented languages use objects that incorporate data and procedures.

Markup Languages and the Web

• Web pages utilize markup languages, notably HTML.
• Web pages use tags to define layout and formatting characteristics.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

• HTML is the standard language for creating web pages.
• HTML defines the structure of a web page using a series of elements and tags.
• HTML elements instruct browsers on the display of page contents.

Example HTML Structure (Ex1)

• <DOCTYPE html>: Declares the document type as HTML.
• <html>: Root element of the HTML page.
• <head>: Contains meta-information about the page (e.g., title).
• <title>: Specifies the title that appears in the browser tab.
• <body>: Contains visible page content.
• <h1>, <h2>, <h3>: Defines headings of different sizes.
• <p>: Defines paragraph text.