Questions and Answers
What was the main reason for boyars refusing to swear loyalty to Dmitry in 1553?
They were against Anastasia Zakharina ruling alongside Dmitry.
Why did Ivan accuse some of his advisors, including Prince Andrey Kurbsky, of treason?
For criticizing Ivan's authoritarianism in written letters.
What led to the launch of the Oprichnina by Ivan the Terrible?
A major defeat during the Livonian War.
What characterized the Oprichnina in Russia?
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What were the actions of the Oprichniki during Ivan's rule?
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Which term best describes Vladimir Staritsky's preference for feudal fragmentation?
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Кто лично проводил опричнину?
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Какой субъект был объявлен виновным в терроре 1570 года?
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Кто выступил против опричнины, но был избит и посажен на кандалы?
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Кем был организовано Опричное Братство?
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Какие земли входили в зону опричнины?
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Что стало последствием отмены опричнины?
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Какой князь считался символом оппозиции к царю Ивану Грозному?
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Какую причину поддерживал Владимир Старицкий в противостоянии с царем Иваном Грозным?
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Куда уехал князь Андрей Курбский, пытаясь избежать преследования со стороны Ивана Грозного?
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Что было первым серьёзным поражением России во время Ливонской войны?
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Что было целью опричнины, начатой Иваном Грозным?
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Что было характеристикой политического мнения князя Владимира Старицкого?
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Study Notes
- Ivan the Terrible, Russian czar, is seriously ill and wants his son Dmitry to be co-ruler with his wife Anastasia Zakharina.
- Some boyars, including Vladimir Staritsky, the last Udalny prince of Russia, are against Anastasia and prefer Vladimir to rule instead.
- Vladimir Staritsky is a fan of feudal fragmentation and wants to give each boyarin his own land.
- Ivan Grozny is determined to have absolute power and will not share either the throne or the land.
- In 1553, boyars refuse to swear loyalty to Dmitry, leading Ivan to suspect a conspiracy.
- Ivan accuses several of his advisors, including Prince Andrey Kurbsky, of treason and has them exiled or imprisoned.
- Kurbsky goes into exile and writes letters criticizing Ivan's authoritarianism, leading to a heated correspondence between the two.
- In 1564, during the Livonian War, Russia suffers a major defeat, and Ivan responds by intensifying his oppression.
- Ivan disappears from Moscow for a month, leaving the boyars and the metropolitan in charge.
- The people rally around Ivan, and he returns, launching the Oprichnina, a period of harsh rule and terror.
- Oprichnina is a division of Russia, ruled by Ivan personally, with the rest governed by the Boyar Duma.
- The secret police, the Oprichniki, burn, torture, and kill anyone suspected of disloyalty, including members of the nobility.
- The Metropolitan Filip II of Moscow is accused of plotting against Ivan and is imprisoned and possibly killed by Malyuta Skuratov, the head of the Oprichniki.
- Ivan accuses the people of treason and abdicates, but the people refuse to let him go and he resumes his rule.
- Ivan's terror continues until his death in 1584.
- The Oprichnina results in widespread devastation and economic collapse.
- In 1571, the Crimean Khanate led by Devlet I Giray invades Russia, burning Moscow to the ground.
- Ivan is forced to abandon the Oprichnina and rebuild the centralized state.
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