IV Therapy Practice Questions
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following conditions prohibits the selection of a vein for IV insertion?

  • Patient age over 60
  • Recent weight gain
  • Active physical therapy
  • Presence of AV fistulas (correct)

What is the maximum duration for leaving a tourniquet on during IV insertion?

  • 1 minute
  • 3 minutes
  • 5 minutes
  • 2 minutes (correct)

Which of the following symptoms is indicative of cellulitis at the IV insertion site?

  • Pallor and swelling
  • Fever with chills
  • Red, swollen area spreading circularly (correct)
  • Coolness to the touch

Which type of intravenous fluid is used primarily to treat hypovolemia?

<p>0.9% Sodium chloride (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of extension tubing in IV therapy?

<p>To connect the IV catheter to a saline lock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action to take when an adverse reaction occurs during medication administration?

<p>Support the airway and give oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options correctly identifies a treatment for 'Red Man Syndrome'?

<p>Vancomycin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aseptic technique should be performed before IV catheter insertion to minimize infection risk?

<p>Using alcohol swabs on the site (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary clinical problem targeted by hypotonic fluids?

<p>Dehydrated cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are hypotonic fluids contraindicated in cases of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

<p>They can lead to fluid shifting into brain tissue. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fluid is classified as isotonic and commonly used in medical settings?

<p>Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What risk is associated with the rapid infusion of hypotonic fluids?

<p>Cerebral edema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which situation would most likely indicate the use of hypertonic fluids?

<p>Cerebral edema (B), Hyponatremia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to body cells when placed in a hypotonic fluid?

<p>They swell due to fluid influx. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which condition is the use of isotonic fluids considered contraindicated?

<p>Congestive heart failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fluids is considered hypertonic?

<p>D5 0.9% NS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes isotonic solutions in terms of their effect on body cells?

<p>They have no net water movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions typically indicates the use of hypertonic solutions?

<p>Severe hyponatremia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of administering hypotonic intravenous fluids?

<p>To pull water into the cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antidotes is used for opioid overdose?

<p>Naloxone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is contraindicated for the use of hypotonic fluids?

<p>Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What clinical problem can hypotonic solutions effectively target?

<p>Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of hypotonic intravenous fluids on the cells?

<p>They pull water into the cells, causing them to swell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of hypotonic fluids on cells?

<p>Resulting in swelling of cells due to water influx. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a hypertonic fluid?

<p>3% NaCl solution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common side effect is associated with valacyclovir?

<p>Headache and nausea. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does valacyclovir stop viral replication?

<p>By inserting into replicating viral DNA, halting synthesis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which severe neurological effect can occur from using acyclovir and valacyclovir?

<p>Encephalopathy and seizures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial nursing action before administering antiviral medications like acyclovir?

<p>Perform a baseline assessment of current symptoms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can hypotonic fluids ultimately lead to in regards to cell condition?

<p>Cell lysis from excessive water influx. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes hypertonic fluids from isotonic and hypotonic fluids?

<p>Their solute concentration relative to cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serious condition can result from valacyclovir treatment related to blood components?

<p>Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common nursing consideration when infusing multiple IV lines?

<p>Label each line to identify the solution infusing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of antiviral medications used for herpes simplex virus?

<p>To decrease symptoms caused by the virus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common side effect of antiviral medications like acyclovir?

<p>Nausea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What precaution should be emphasized to a client taking medication for herpes simplex virus?

<p>Using condoms during sexual activity at all times (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a serious side effect of antiviral medications?

<p>Nephrotoxicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important nursing consideration when administering antiviral medications?

<p>Monitoring for therapeutic response and side effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario should a vein in an arm be avoided for IV insertion?

<p>In the presence of signs of infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding the family of antiviral medications is accurate?

<p>They inhibit viral DNA replication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a client do if they experience persistent side effects from antiviral medications?

<p>Contact their healthcare provider (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is NOT part of the guanosine analogs used to treat herpesviruses?

<p>Oseltamivir (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized in client education regarding the management of herpes simplex virus symptoms?

<p>Hydration is important during the treatment process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

IV Insertion Site Selection

Avoid veins in arms with certain conditions (dialysis, infection, scarring, previous IV issues) or on the CVA (cerebrovascular accident) paralyzed side.

IV Insertion Technique

Important steps include preparing equipment, strict aseptic technique (alcohol or chlorhexidine), proper tourniquet placement, and potentially massaging the vein or clenching the fist.

Cellulitis

Inflammation of the loose connective tissue around the IV insertion site, often due to poor aseptic technique.

Right Patient-Right Drug-Right Dose

Crucial components of safe medication administration that ensures the correct medication is given to the correct patient in the correct amount.

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IV Push Monitoring

Monitoring patients before, during, and after IV medications for adverse reactions and taking appropriate actions if necessary.

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Isotonic IV Fluids

IV fluids that have the same concentration of solutes as the bodily fluids, so the cells won't shrink or swell.

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Parental Fluid Replacement

Administration of fluids, electrolytes, medications, or nutrients through an IV to correct imbalances or compensate for ongoing problems with fluid and electrolyte balance.

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IV Push Adverse Reactions

Monitoring for adverse reactions (e.g., Blue Man Syndrome from Amiodarone, Red Man Syndrome from Vancomycin) and knowing how to handle these emergencies.

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Hypotonic Fluid

A fluid with a lower solute concentration than cells.

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Hypertonic Fluid

A fluid with a higher solute concentration than cells.

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Valacyclovir MOA

Valacyclovir interferes with viral DNA replication by inserting into viral DNA.

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Valacyclovir Side Effect

Can cause headache, nausea, skin rash, or kidney problems.

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Guanosine Analogs

Antiviral medications that target herpesviruses.

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Herpesvirus Infection Treatment

Certain herpesvirus infections are treated with guanosine analogs.

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Valacyclovir

Oral antiviral used for herpes infections.

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Viral DNA Synthesis

The process by which viruses make copies of their genetic material.

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Severe Valacyclovir side effects

Neurological issues (agitation, tremors), hallucinations, encephalopathy or seizures, and blood clotting disorders.

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Baseline Assessment (Herpes)

Recording current symptoms (lesion location, pain, itching, drainage) before antiviral treatment.

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Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl)

An isotonic solution commonly used intravenously.

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0.45% NS

A hypotonic solution, used more cautiously due to potential cell swelling.

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D5W

A solution with 5% dextrose in water

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Fluid Overload

A potentially dangerous condition where the body retains too much fluid.

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Contraindicated in Increased ICP

Situations where hypotonic fluids should not be given due to risk of brain swelling.

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Clinical Problem Targeted by Isotonic Fluids

Conditions where maintaining the balance of bodily fluids is critical.

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Risk of Fluid Volume Excess

Conditions that increase the risk of fluid overload.

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Uses of Hypotonic IV Fluids

Used to treat dehydrated cells in conditions like DKA/HHNS (diabetic ketoacidosis/hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state), where fluids are drawn out of cells.

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Contraindications for Hypotonic IV Fluids

Not used for patients with increased intracranial pressure (ICP), dehydration, or trauma because they can worsen swelling in the brain or tissues.

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Examples of Hypotonic IV Fluids

Commonly ordered fluids include 0.45% NS (half-normal saline), 0.33% NS, and 0.2% NS.

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Antidotes for Benzodiazepines

Flumazenil is the antidote for benzodiazepines, which are commonly used for anxiety, sedation, and seizures.

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Herpes Medication Effects

Antiviral medications like acyclovir can reduce symptoms of herpes but don't eliminate the virus or prevent it from spreading.

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Preventing Herpes Spread

Individuals with herpes should avoid sexual activity if sores or other signs are present. Latex or polyurethane condoms should always be used during sex, even without visible sores.

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Acyclovir Side Effects

Common side effects of acyclovir include headaches, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting.

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When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider

Contact your healthcare provider if acyclovir side effects persist or if your herpes symptoms don't improve or worsen during treatment.

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Herpes Treatment Monitoring

During treatment with an antiviral like acyclovir, nurses monitor for side effects and evaluate for therapeutic response (absence of lesions and herpes simplex symptoms).

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Baseline Assessment

Before starting antiviral treatment for herpes, nurses record current symptoms like lesion location, pain, itching, and drainage.

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Nursing Considerations (Herpes Treatment)

Nursing care for a client on antiviral medication for herpes includes performing a baseline assessment, monitoring for side effects, and evaluating for therapeutic effects. Client education is crucial.

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Study Notes

IV Insertion Procedure

  • Never choose veins in an arm with a mastectomy, dialysis shunts, AV fistulas, extensive scarring, burns, surgeries, CVA paralysis on the same side, or sites distal to previous punctures.
  • Prepare equipment using strict aseptic technique (alcohol or chlorhexidine).
  • Place a tourniquet 6-8 inches above the intended site.
  • Massage the vein as needed.
  • Use heat as needed.

Extension Tubing

  • Connects to the patient's IV catheter to create a saline lock.
  • A cap is placed on the end of the extension tubing.

Setting Up an IV

  • Apply a tourniquet to the patient's arm (2 minutes maximum).
  • Palpate the vein and practice scrubbing the hub.
  • Use a saline flush to connect the extension tubing.
  • Connect the IV tubing to the extension tubing.
  • Discuss with the patient how the IV will be removed (easy-open knot).

Cellulitis

  • Inflammation of loose connective tissue around the insertion site.
  • Caused by poor aseptic insertion technique..
  • Treated with antibiotics.
  • The red, swollen area spreads from the insertion site to a circular pattern.

Medication Administration Rights

  • Right patient
  • Right drug
  • Right dose
  • Right route
  • Right time
  • Right documentation
  • Right to refuse
  • Right assessment
  • Right education

Monitoring/Nursing Interventions (IV Push)

  • Assess the patient before, during, and after medication administration.
  • Observe for signs of adverse reactions.
  • Know what to do if an adverse reaction occurs, including managing the airway, administering oxygen, and giving an antidote if one is necessary (e.g. Amiodarone for Blue Man Syndrome, Vancomycin for Red Man Syndrome)

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Watkins FINAL EXAM PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on IV therapy with this quiz that covers essential topics including vein selection, tourniquet duration, adverse reactions, and infection control. Perfect for nursing students and healthcare professionals looking to sharpen their skills in intravenous care.

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