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Questions and Answers
Why are upper extremities typically preferred for IV placement?
Why are upper extremities typically preferred for IV placement?
What are the most common pre-hospital locations for IV access?
What are the most common pre-hospital locations for IV access?
What type of fluids are typically delivered through IV in the prehospital setting?
What type of fluids are typically delivered through IV in the prehospital setting?
When can lower extremities be used for IV access?
When can lower extremities be used for IV access?
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What is typically used as a route of choice in the prehospital setting?
What is typically used as a route of choice in the prehospital setting?
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What is a common method to make a vein more visible for IV access?
What is a common method to make a vein more visible for IV access?
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Which vein is considered as a last resort for IV access due to difficulty in locating it?
Which vein is considered as a last resort for IV access due to difficulty in locating it?
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What is a contraindication to IV access?
What is a contraindication to IV access?
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Which needle color corresponds to a flow rate of 105 ml/min for intravenous therapy?
Which needle color corresponds to a flow rate of 105 ml/min for intravenous therapy?
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What are common complications of IV access?
What are common complications of IV access?
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In which large bone can intraosseous (IO) access occur?
In which large bone can intraosseous (IO) access occur?
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When is IO access typically used?
When is IO access typically used?
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In which patients are all humeral IOs used?
In which patients are all humeral IOs used?
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Which bone site is commonly used for IO access in pediatrics?
Which bone site is commonly used for IO access in pediatrics?
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What is the most commonly used site for IO access in adults?
What is the most commonly used site for IO access in adults?
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What is the primary consideration for using IO access?
What is the primary consideration for using IO access?
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In which patients are distal femur sites commonly used for IO access?
In which patients are distal femur sites commonly used for IO access?
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For which type of patient are all humeral IOs used?
For which type of patient are all humeral IOs used?
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Study Notes
- The "AC" is an anatomical landmark, not a vein, used as a reference point for IV access in the arm, which can be the radial vein, ulnar vein, or brachial vein.
- Several methods to "raise" or make a vein more visible: using a tourniquet or blood pressure cuff above the site, lowering the extremity, lightly patting or slapping the vein, rubbing the vein while cleaning the site, making a fist.
- The external jugular (EJ) vein is another site for IV access, but as a last resort due to difficulty in locating it and the absence of a tourniquet. The EJ runs over the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and the IV should be inserted caudally.
- Contraindications to IV access: crushed, burned, infected, or fractured extremity; history of mastectomy; fistula; fresh tattoo; CVA with hemiparalysis; or IV drug abuse.
- Intravenous therapy gauge, color code, length, and flow rate: orange 1.75” needle, 330 ml/min; grey 1.16” needle, 220 ml/min; green 1.16” needle, 105 ml/min; pink 1” needle, 60 ml/min; blue 1” needle, 35 ml/min; yellow 0.75” needle, 20 ml/min.
- Macro drips and micro drips: macro drips are the most commonly used for fluid therapy and medication administration, while micro drips are infrequently used for select medication infusions.
- Intravenous therapy equipment: medication ports, luer lock twist connection, and needleless y injection sites.
- IV placement confirmation: checking for proper fluid flow, observing a "flash" when entering the IV, and checking for retrograde flow by briefly dropping the IV bag below the level of the IV.
- IV complications: common complications include hematoma, thrombosis, cellulitis, and phlebitis; as well as systemic complications such as sepsis, pulmonary embolism, catheter fragment embolism, air embolism, and arterial stick.
- Intramuscular and subcutaneous injections: IM injections are made into the muscle, with a maximum of 5mL allowed in large muscles, common sites are the deltoid, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, and ventrogluteal.
- Subcutaneous injections are placed into the subcutaneous layer of the skin, typically given with a small volume of fluid (0.5 mL), and common site is the forearm.
- IM injections: occur at a 90-degree angle and use a 19 or 21 gauge 1.5” needle, while SQ injections are administered at a 45-degree angle and use a 23/25 gauge ½ or 5/8” needle.
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Description
Test your knowledge on IV therapy and medication administration with this exclusive study guide. Learn about IV start kits and intravenous therapy. Copyright 2021 - Pass with PASS, LLC.
