IV Therapy and Allergic Reactions

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Questions and Answers

Which adverse effect is specifically associated with Ethambutol?

Dizziness (correct)

Drowsiness

Hemorrhage

Nausea

What is a critical consideration when administering digoxin to infants and children?

Baseline vital signs must be collected before administration. (correct)

Digoxin has a wide margin of safety in pediatric patients.

Medication can be given without monitoring for toxicity.

The dosage can be increased without concern.

Which of the following statements about Heparin is incorrect?

It activates thrombin.

It prevents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

It can be given orally. (correct)

It is used for short-term therapy.

Which of the following is a known adverse reaction of cromolyn used in asthma treatment?

Irritation Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical nursing consideration for patients receiving Phenytoin?

Sweat and urine should be monitored for red-brown discoloration. Signup and view all the answers

Acyclovir is primarily used to treat which condition?

Recurrent genital herpes Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant effect of antianxiety agents on the central nervous system?

Depress subcortical levels Signup and view all the answers

Patients taking Histamine 2 Receptor antagonists for peptic ulcer disease should be monitored for which adverse effect?

Confusion Signup and view all the answers

What factor is NOT considered when initiating an IV therapy?

Personal history of allergies Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of Atovaquone?

Skin rash Signup and view all the answers

What recommendation is crucial for patients starting antihypertensive medication?

Rise slowly to prevent dizziness. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of medications for epilepsy?

To prevent both motor and non-motor seizures Signup and view all the answers

When should antacids be avoided in relation to Histamine 2 Receptor antagonists?

Within 1 hour of administration. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration for keeping the needle in place after an IV injection?

10 seconds Signup and view all the answers

Why should a client on Ethambutol have regular visual exams?

Due to the risk of blurred vision and color perception changes Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for tracking the efficacy and safety of administered digoxin?

Routine blood level checks. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the use of antihypertensives?

They control chronically elevated blood pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Which instruction is critical for a nurse when administering eye drops?

Approach the eye from the side and do not touch the cornea. Signup and view all the answers

What should nurses monitor for in patients receiving corticosteroid therapy?

Daily weights Signup and view all the answers

Which is a common side effect of chemotherapy that requires monitoring by nurses?

Bone marrow suppression Signup and view all the answers

Patients on glucocorticoids should be informed to avoid which of the following to prevent adverse interactions?

Grapefruit juice Signup and view all the answers

During chemotherapy, what symptoms should clients be educated to recognize?

Signs and symptoms of infection Signup and view all the answers

Which method of breathing is specifically characterized by the use of the diaphragm?

Diaphragmatic breathing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following classifications of cytotoxic agents targets specific phases of the cell cycle?

Antimetabolite agents Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse advise a client to avoid when initiating an IV infusion?

Raising their arm over their head Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of bupropion that nurses should monitor in patients?

Dry mouth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications can be dangerous in terms of GI bleeding for patients taking NSAIDs?

Antacids Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical consideration for patients using Dornase Alfa in their treatment for cystic fibrosis?

It must be taken with meals and snacks Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of cyclooxygenase inhibitors?

Inhibit cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following side effects would require immediate attention for a patient on bupropion?

Motor seizures Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to monitor the effects of NSAIDs in patients?

They can cause gastrointestinal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of Dornase Alfa that patients should be educated about?

Skin rashes Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Schedule V drugs compared to Schedule I drugs?

Schedule V drugs are associated with minimal potential for abuse. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about antihistamines is true?

Nurses should be cautious administering antihistamines to geriatric clients. Signup and view all the answers

What monitoring is essential after administering the first dose of an ACE inhibitor?

Blood pressure and pulse must be monitored for several hours. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of ACE inhibitors?

Orthostatic hypotension. Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration when administering metered-dose inhalers (MDIs)?

MDIs can be used as rescue inhalers for immediate relief. Signup and view all the answers

How does carbonyl iron differ from other oral iron supplements?

Carbonyl iron requires very high doses to result in toxicity. Signup and view all the answers

Why must ACE inhibitors be held if systolic blood pressure is below 90 mmHg?

They risk exacerbating orthostatic hypotension. Signup and view all the answers

What potential effect should be monitored when first administering an ACE inhibitor to a patient taking diuretics?

Increased risk of dehydration. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Allergic Reactions and IV Initiation

Allergic reactions can occur from medications or substances in IV fluids.
Proper IV initiation involves selecting the right insertion site based on vein condition, type of fluid, medication, and therapy duration.
Micro and macro drip sets can be used for IV infusions.

Medications: Epilepsy

Antiepileptic drugs help prevent both motor and non-motor seizures.
Older medications include carbamazepine and phenytoin; phenytoin must not be mixed with IV medications or dextrose.
Patients may notice red-brown or pink coloration in sweat and urine.

Medications: Antivirals

Acyclovir is administered orally, IV, or topically for recurrent genital herpes, slowing symptom progression.
Atovaquone treats and prevents pneumonia; common side effects include fever, rash, and headache.

Medications: Tuberculosis

Ethambutol is used cautiously in patients with kidney or liver impairment, potentially causing blurred vision, altered color perception, and dizziness.
Regular visual exams and liver function tests are essential for patients.

Medications: Anticoagulants

Heparin is for short-term therapy, given IV or subcutaneously; it prevents fibrin formation by activating thrombin.
Adverse effects can include hemorrhage and thrombocytopenia.

Medications: Cardiac Glycosides

Digoxin requires baseline vital signs monitoring and awareness of toxicity symptoms such as vomiting and confusion.
The safety margin for digoxin blood levels is narrow in infants and children.

Medications: Asthma

Cromolyn stabilizes mast cells to suppress allergic responses in asthma management.
Adverse effects include irritation, and patients should wear contacts during treatment and adhere to daily dosage for prevention.

Medications: Anti-Anxiety

Antianxiety medications are utilized for anxiety, convulsive disorders, and preoperative sedation through CNS depression.

Medications: Peptic Ulcer Disease

Histamine 2 Receptor antagonists inhibit gastric acid secretion, with adverse effects like confusion and dizziness.
Nurses should monitor for confusion and advise patients to avoid antacids within an hour of administration.

Medications: Antihypertensives

Antihypertensive medications manage high blood pressure; patients should rise slowly to prevent dizziness.
Consistent medication adherence is crucial, even if patients feel better.

Medications: Schedule Drugs

Schedule V drugs have minimal abuse potential, while Schedule I drugs are highly regulated due to high abuse potential.

Medications: Antihistamines

Antihistamines block H1 receptors to counteract histamine effects, with first-generation causing significant drowsiness.
Caution is advised when administering to geriatric patients or those with glaucoma.

Inhalers: MDI and DPI

Metered Dose Inhalers (MDI) deliver bronchodilators directly to the lungs, often used for rescue in respiratory distress situations.

Medications: ACE Inhibitors

ACE inhibitors can cause orthostatic hypotension; patients should be monitored for pulse and blood pressure post-initiation.
Dosage should be withheld if systolic BP drops below 90 mmHg.

Medications: Mineral Deficiencies

Carbonyl iron for iron deficiency is absorbed slowly and requires monitoring for toxicity at high doses.

Medication Administration: Eye

Administer eye medications using sterile technique; avoid touching the cornea and instruct the client to close their eye after application.

Medications: Glucocorticoids

Corticosteroids suppress inflammation and immune response but may lead to hyperglycemia and osteoporosis.
Monitoring includes blood pressure, daily weights, and fluid balance; grapefruit juice should be avoided.

Chemotherapy

Adverse effects from chemotherapy include bone marrow suppression and fatigue; monitoring for bleeding, nutrition, and infection prevention is critical.

Respiratory: Diaphragmatic Breathing

Diaphragmatic breathing focuses on using the diaphragm while resting chest muscles, beneficial in conditions like fractured ribs.

Medications: Anticancer Agents

Cytotoxic agents are classified based on cell-cycle specificity, impacting different phases of cell replication.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the fundamentals of IV therapy, including proper initiation techniques and factors influencing site selection. It also covers the potential for allergic reactions to medications and IV fluids. Understanding fluid and electrolyte management is essential for effective patient care.