IV Cannulation Basics
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Questions and Answers

Which wound care solution is specifically recommended for wounds infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

  • Hydrogen peroxide
  • Acetic acid solution (correct)
  • Ringer's lactate solution
  • Normal saline

Ringer's lactate solution is primarily used for routine wound care.

False (B)

What is the main purpose of using silver-based solutions or dressings in wound care?

To prevent infection, especially in chronic or infected wounds.

Hypertonic saline is used to draw out excess fluid and reduce ______ in chronic wounds.

<p>edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following wound care solutions with their primary uses:

<p>Normal saline = Routine wound cleaning Hydrogen peroxide = Cleaning wounds and removing debris Ringer's lactate solution = Hydration and electrolyte balance for severe wounds Acetic acid solution = Treating wounds infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Silver-based solutions = Preventing infection in chronic wounds Honey = Promoting healing in chronic wounds Hypertonic saline = Reducing edema and aiding wound debridement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical use for medical-grade honey in wound care?

<p>Removing dead tissue from wounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrogen peroxide is generally considered the best choice for routine wound cleaning.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is diluted acetic acid solution used instead of a full-strength solution for wound care?

<p>To prevent irritation and damage to surrounding healthy tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of monitoring after a transfusion?

<p>To detect early reactions like fever or anaphylaxis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Proper documentation of a transfusion includes recording the patient's reactions.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of IV fluid is commonly used to prime the IV line?

<p>0.9% saline</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of flushing the IV line with saline?

<p>To ensure patency of the catheter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The IV catheter size depends on the patient's condition and the __________.

<p>fluid rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sterile dressing requires the use of non-sterile gloves to prevent infection.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the IV equipment with its purpose:

<p>IV Fluid Bag = Provides fluids or electrolytes IV Set = Administers fluids to the patient Gloves = Maintain aseptic technique IV Pole = Holds the IV bag at an appropriate height</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with used equipment after a procedure?

<p>Dispose of it safely and document the procedure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following steps is essential before starting the IV fluid administration?

<p>Prepare the equipment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ solution is used to cleanse the wound and reduce bacterial load.

<p>antiseptic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using a drip rate controller is optional when administering IV fluids.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of using sterile bandages?

<p>To enhance healing by applying pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be verified before establishing IV access?

<p>Doctor's order for IV fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the equipment with its purpose in wound dressing:

<p>Sterile gloves = Protects the wound and clinician from infection Antiseptic solution = Cleanses the wound to reduce bacterial load Scissors = Cuts tape and dressings to size Sterile bandage/tape = Secures the dressing in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

Advancing the catheter is crucial only if the initial placement was incorrect.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What size of gauze pads is commonly used for wound dressing?

<p>2x2 or 4x4</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using a blood transfusion set during a blood transfusion?

<p>For safe administration of blood products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Normal saline is used to prime the IV line and flush the blood product.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to verify patient identity and blood type before a transfusion?

<p>To prevent transfusion errors and ensure compatibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The essential blood components provided by blood products include packed RBCs, ________, or plasma.

<p>platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be used to monitor a patient's reaction during a blood transfusion?

<p>Both A and C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the equipment used in a blood transfusion with its purpose

<p>IV Set with Filter = To prevent blood clots in the IV line Gloves = To maintain hygiene Vital Sign Monitoring Equipment = To monitor patient's reaction Blood Transfusion Record = To track the blood product and procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Establishing IV access is unnecessary if an existing IV is in place.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Starting the transfusion _______ helps detect any adverse reactions early.

<p>slowly</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a tourniquet during IV cannulation?

<p>To engage veins and make them more visible (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

IV catheters come in different gauges, and larger gauges are typically used for trauma patients.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be cleaned before inserting an IV catheter?

<p>The insertion site</p> Signup and view all the answers

A _____ is used to check catheter patency and maintain the catheter lumen.

<p>saline flush</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the equipment needed for IV cannulation with their purposes:

<p>Antiseptic Swabs = Disinfects the insertion site Gauze = Used to clean the skin or absorb blood IV Line/IV Set = Administers fluids and medications Dressing = Secures the IV catheter in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gauge IV catheter is typically the smallest?

<p>24G (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is not necessary to explain the procedure to the patient before cannulation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is checked for confirmation of catheter placement?

<p>Blood return or flashback of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of cleaning a wound with antiseptic solution?

<p>To prevent infection and prepare the tissue for healing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Normal saline (0.9% Sodium Chloride) is ideal for treating infected wounds.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done after securing the dressing on a wound?

<p>Dispose of used materials and document the treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chlorhexidine is primarily used for cleaning ______ wounds.

<p>contaminated</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the antiseptic solution with its primary use:

<p>Normal Saline = Irrigation and cleaning of clean wounds Chlorhexidine = Cleaning contaminated wounds Povidone-Iodine = Cleaning dirty or infected wounds Hydrogen Peroxide = Cleaning superficial wounds sparingly</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of securing a dressing?

<p>To prevent movement and reduce exposure to contaminants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydrogen peroxide can be used liberally on all types of wounds.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using antiseptic solutions when treating wounds?

<p>To reduce bacterial growth and lower the risk of infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

IV Catheter

A tube inserted into a vein for medication or fluids.

Tourniquet

Elastic band used to engorge veins for easier access.

Antiseptic Swabs

Swabs used to disinfect the skin before insertion.

Gauze

Pads for cleaning skin or absorbing blood post-insertion.

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Saline Flush

Saline solution used to check and maintain catheter patency.

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IV Line/IV Set

Primary line used to administer fluids/medications through IV.

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Dressing

Material used to secure the IV catheter in place.

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Procedure Steps

Sequence of actions for safe IV cannulation.

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Blood Product

Packed RBCs, platelets, or plasma used for transfusions.

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IV Set with Filter

A 20-22G IV set with a filter to prevent clots.

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Normal Saline

0.9% saline used to prime IV lines and flush blood.

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Blood Transfusion Set

Tubing with a filter designed for safe blood administration.

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Vital Sign Monitoring Equipment

BP cuff, thermometer, pulse oximeter for monitoring.

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Blood Transfusion Record

Documentation sheet for tracking transfusion details.

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Gloves for Transfusion

Non-sterile gloves used to maintain hygiene.

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Preparation Steps

Steps like verifying identity and priming the line prior to transfusion.

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Ringer's Lactate Solution

A fluid replacement solution for severe wounds, containing electrolytes.

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Use of Ringer's Lactate

Used for hydration and electrolyte balance in severe wounds like burns.

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Acetic Acid Solution

Diluted vinegar solution, effective for cleaning infected wounds from Pseudomonas.

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Purpose of Acetic Acid Solution

Cleans wounds and reduces bacterial growth in chronic infections.

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Silver-Based Solutions

Antimicrobial solutions/dressings for preventing infections in chronic wounds.

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Honey (Medical-Grade)

Natural antimicrobial solution promoting healing in chronic wounds.

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Hypertonic Saline

Stronger saline solution for chronic wounds with excessive edema.

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Use of Hypertonic Saline

Used in wound debridement and for non-healing wounds or abscesses.

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Monitor for reactions

Monitoring helps detect adverse reactions like fever or anaphylaxis early.

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Post-transfusion care

Proper documentation ensures the transfusion's success and records the patient's reactions.

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IV Fluid Bag

Contains fluids like 0.9% saline or D5W to provide hydration or electrolytes.

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IV Set

Standard tubing with a drip chamber to administer fluids from the IV bag.

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Priming the IV line

Filling the IV line with saline to prevent air bubbles before infusion.

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Flow Rate Control

A device to regulate the rate of fluid infusion accurately during IV therapy.

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Prepare the equipment

Ensure all items are ready to reduce errors or delays during IV administration.

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Assess the wound

Observing for infection or complications to guide treatment.

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Clean the wound

Using antiseptic solution to prevent infection and prepare tissue for healing.

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Apply sterile dressing

Protects the wound and creates an optimal healing environment.

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Secure the dressing

Keeps the dressing in place, reducing movement and exposure to contaminants.

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Dispose of used materials

Ensures safety and prevents infection by properly discarding waste.

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Chlorhexidine

Broad-spectrum antiseptic used for cleaning contaminated wounds.

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Povidone-Iodine

Antiseptic for cleaning dirty or infected wounds, used in dilute concentrations.

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Securing the catheter

Preventing dislodgement by properly securing the catheter after advancing it.

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Flushing the IV line

Using saline to ensure catheter patency and remove any air from the line.

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Equipment disposal

Safely disposing of used equipment to prevent contamination and document procedures.

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Clean/sterile gloves

Gloves used to protect wounds and clinicians from infections during procedures.

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Sterile dressing

Materials like gauze used to protect and absorb fluids from a wound.

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Antiseptic solution

Substances like saline or iodine used to cleanse the wound, lowering bacteria.

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Sterile bandage/tape

Used to secure the dressing without harming the skin.

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Wound dressing procedure

A series of steps to safely change and secure a wound dressing.

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Study Notes

IV Cannulation

  • Equipment Needed:

    • IV Catheter (various gauges/sizes/colors)
    • Tourniquet (elastic, adjustable)
    • Alcohol swabs/Chlorhexidine wipes (antiseptic)
    • Gauze pads (2x2 or 4x4)
    • Saline solution (10mL or 20mL syringe)
    • IV Line/IV Set (with drip chamber)
    • Transparent dressing/gauze (with tape)
    • Gloves (non-sterile, unless sterile pack opened)

  • Purpose of Equipment:

    • Different IV catheter sizes accommodate varying patient types (e.g., larger for trauma, smaller for children).
    • Tourniquets engorge veins, making them more visible.
    • Antiseptics disinfect the insertion site to prevent infection.
    • Gauze absorbs blood after cannulation.
    • Saline solution flushes the catheter to maintain patency and administer fluids.
    • IV sets provide administration, catheter security, and contamination protection.
    • Dressings protect the insertion site, and gloves maintain aseptic technique.

  • Procedure and Rationale:

    • Step 1: Prepare Equipment: Gather all necessary supplies to reduce delays and errors.
    • Step 2: Explain Procedure: Informing the patient reduces anxiety and promotes understanding.
    • Step 3: Select Suitable Vein: Choose a vein that is straight, accessible, and large enough for the catheter.
    • Step 4: Apply Tourniquet: Engorge veins for easier insertion.
    • Step 5: Clean Insertion Site: Sterilize the insertion area to reduce infection risk.
    • Step 6: Insert IV Catheter: Proper insertion ensures correct placement.
    • Step 7: Check Blood Return: Confirm the catheter is correctly positioned within the vein.
    • Step 8: Advance and Secure Line: Secure the catheter to prevent dislodgement.
    • Step 9: Flush IV Line with Saline: Maintaining catheter patency and removing air.
    • Step 10: Dispose of Used Equipment: Proper disposal prevents contamination and ensures accurate medical records.

Wound Dressing

  • Equipment Needed:

    • Sterile gloves
    • Gauze pads (2x2 or 4x4), non-stick dressings, hydrocolloid dressings
    • Saline, Chlorhexidine, or iodine (antiseptic solutions)
    • Adhesive tape or rolled bandages
    • Medical scissors
    • Gauze (2x2 or 4x4)
    • Cotton balls

  • Purpose of Equipment: Sterile gloves protect from infection. Gauze protects the wound and absorbs fluids. Saline, Chlorhexidine or iodine cleanse wounds. Bandages secure dressings. Scissors cut dressings. Cotton balls clean and dry the wound.

  • Procedure and Rationale:

    • Step 1: Prepare Equipment: Ensure all items are ready for a quick and contamination-free procedure.
    • Step 2: Wash Hands/Put on Gloves: Prevent contamination.
    • Step 3: Remove Old Dressing: Carefully remove to avoid disruption and contamination.
    • Step 4: Assess the Wound: Evaluate the condition including, but not limited to, infection, and any present complications.
    • Step 5: Clean the Wound: Cleanse the wound with antiseptic solution to prevent infection.
    • Step 6: Apply New Dressing or Bandage: Ensure protection.
    • Step 7: Secure the Dressing: Secure dressings to prevent movement or exposure.

IV Fluid Administration

  • Equipment Needed:

    • IV fluid bag (e.g., 0.9% saline, Ringer's Lactate, D5W, as ordered)
    • IV set (with drip chamber and roller clamp)
    • IV catheter (18G, 20G, 22G, depending on patient condition and fluid rate)
    • Normal saline
    • Non-sterile gloves
    • Adjustable IV pole
    • Flow rate control (drip rate controller or infusion pump)

  • Purpose of Equipment:

    • Fluid bags provide fluids or electrolytes. IV sets administer fluids. Catheters provide venous access and fluid administration. Normal saline is a solution. Gloves, holders, and flow rate monitors improve safety and precision.

  • Procedure and Rationale:

    • Step 1: Prepare Equipment: Ensure all items are readily available.
    • Step 2: Verify Doctor's Order: Confirm the correct type and volume of fluid.
    • Step 3: Establish IV Access: Ensure safe administration.
    • Step 4: Prime IV Line: Prevent air embolism.
    • Step 5: Connect Bag to Catheter: Administer fluids safely.
    • Step 6: Regulate Flow Rate: Ensure precise fluid administration.
    • Step 7: Monitor the Patient: Observe for any reactions.
    • Step 8: Document Procedure: Record fluid and reaction data.

Blood Transfusion

  • Equipment Needed:
    • Blood products (e.g., Packed RBCs, platelets, or plasma)
    • IV set (20-22G)
  • Purpose of Equipment:
    • Blood products provide essential components. IV sets administer blood products.
  • Procedure and Rationale:
    • Step 1: Prepare Equipment: Ensure supplies are ready.
    • Step 2: Verify Patient Identity, and Blood Type: Critical to prevent errors.
    • Step 3: Establish IV Access: Ensure a large-bore catheter is present.
    • Step 4: Prime IV Line: This ensures there are no air bubbles.
    • **Step 5: Connect Blood Bag to IV Line:**Administer blood safely.
    • Step 6: Start Transfusion Slowly: A controlled rate minimizes risk.
    • Step 7: Monitor for Reactions: Monitor carefully.
    • Step 8: Post-Transfusion Care: Proper documentation tracks procedures.

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Description

Test your knowledge on IV cannulation equipment and procedures. This quiz covers the essential tools required for successful IV insertion and their purposes. Understand the steps involved in maintaining aseptic technique and ensuring patient safety.

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