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Questions and Answers
What was a major influence on Bob Dylan's protest song 'Blowin' in the Wind'?
What was a major influence on Bob Dylan's protest song 'Blowin' in the Wind'?
Which artist is known for the Southern Soul sound and the song 'Respect'?
Which artist is known for the Southern Soul sound and the song 'Respect'?
What characterized the 1970s singer-songwriters' approach to music compared to earlier folk traditions?
What characterized the 1970s singer-songwriters' approach to music compared to earlier folk traditions?
What was notable about the music played at the Stonewall Inn in the context of the LGBTQ+ movement?
What was notable about the music played at the Stonewall Inn in the context of the LGBTQ+ movement?
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What did 'Disco Demolition Night' symbolize for many music fans in 1979?
What did 'Disco Demolition Night' symbolize for many music fans in 1979?
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What did James Brown contribute to the evolution of music in the 1960s?
What did James Brown contribute to the evolution of music in the 1960s?
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Which genre emerged from the combination of hard rock and more complex musical structures in the 1970s?
Which genre emerged from the combination of hard rock and more complex musical structures in the 1970s?
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What were the primary characteristics of hip hop music originating in the 1970s?
What were the primary characteristics of hip hop music originating in the 1970s?
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In what way did the music of NWA represent a shift in hip hop during its emergence?
In what way did the music of NWA represent a shift in hip hop during its emergence?
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What was a significant characteristic of the grunge movement in the 1990s?
What was a significant characteristic of the grunge movement in the 1990s?
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What aspect of Tina Turner's music was considered unique within the soft rock genre?
What aspect of Tina Turner's music was considered unique within the soft rock genre?
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What groundbreaking change did Alanis Morissette bring to the mainstream in the mid-1990s?
What groundbreaking change did Alanis Morissette bring to the mainstream in the mid-1990s?
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What characterized the 'New Country' movement in the 1990s?
What characterized the 'New Country' movement in the 1990s?
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What was a notable feature of Alternative Hip Hop in the 1990s?
What was a notable feature of Alternative Hip Hop in the 1990s?
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What does the term 'Dirty South' in hip hop refer to?
What does the term 'Dirty South' in hip hop refer to?
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What impact did Lil Nas X's 'Old Town Road' have on the music industry?
What impact did Lil Nas X's 'Old Town Road' have on the music industry?
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What distinguishes Lauryn Hill's music from mainstream gangsta rap?
What distinguishes Lauryn Hill's music from mainstream gangsta rap?
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What does the Dembow beat signify in Reggaeton music?
What does the Dembow beat signify in Reggaeton music?
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What is a significant change in music production brought about by Digital Audio Workstations (DAWs)?
What is a significant change in music production brought about by Digital Audio Workstations (DAWs)?
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What was the primary goal of gangsta rap, as indicated in the content?
What was the primary goal of gangsta rap, as indicated in the content?
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What significant event marked the beginning of the feud between Tupac and Biggie?
What significant event marked the beginning of the feud between Tupac and Biggie?
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How did MTV influence the music scene upon its launch?
How did MTV influence the music scene upon its launch?
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What characterized the 'hair metal' genre popularized by bands like Van Halen?
What characterized the 'hair metal' genre popularized by bands like Van Halen?
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What aspect of punk music was emphasized by bands like The Ramones?
What aspect of punk music was emphasized by bands like The Ramones?
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In what way did new wave music evolve from punk?
In what way did new wave music evolve from punk?
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What was a notable influence on the development of the Athens sound in music?
What was a notable influence on the development of the Athens sound in music?
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Which statement best describes the DIY aesthetic in punk music?
Which statement best describes the DIY aesthetic in punk music?
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Which song exemplifies the punk ethos of the 1970s, particularly from The Ramones?
Which song exemplifies the punk ethos of the 1970s, particularly from The Ramones?
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What was a common characteristic of punk music's sound?
What was a common characteristic of punk music's sound?
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Study Notes
Early Civil Rights Movement
- 1954: Brown vs. Board of Education overturned "separate but equal" segregation.
- 1955: Rosa Parks, MLK.
- 1960: Greensboro Sit-in.
1960s Folk Revival
- Appealed to college students, marking the start of a counterculture.
- Included folk songs and original compositions.
- Bob Dylan rose as a folk singer, writing songs for civil rights and drawing on spiritual influences for his protest songs.
Southern Soul
- Stax Records was a contemporary of Motown.
- Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton were white men involved in this genre in Memphis.
- The music featured mixed race labels, and white people worked in the office.
- The sound was influenced by gospel music with heavy bass, robust brass, and organ.
- It was less polished compared to Northern Soul/Motown, targeting a black audience.
From Funk to Disco
- R&B in the 1960s evolved into Soul, with Motown (northern soul) having a smooth, thick texture and Stax (southern soul) emphasizing a female diva-style, less polished sound.
- R&B in the late 1960s-1970s saw a return to dance music, particularly Funk.
- The Groove focused on active bass and heavy drums, creating melodic riffs for clubs.
- James Brown is seen as the true creator of funk, demanding control of his sound, with thin textures, gospel-inspired voice and almost speaking.
- "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag" is a known Funk track.
Stonewall Riot
- Before Stonewall, police raids on gay bars were common, with no dancing allowed.
- The 1969 Stonewall Inn riot in New York City marked the start of the modern LGBT movement, showing community desire for self-determination.
Singer-Songwriters in the 1970s
- The "Me" Generation saw social pressure on activists, leading to focus on more personal concerns.
- Professional songwriters, such as Willie Nelson, worked independently.
- Carol King transitioned from writing to being an artist.
Soft Rock
- More pop, less blues, often using synthesizers.
- Appealed to a wider adult audience.
- Increased emphasis on albums, with longer songs.
The 1980s and Reagan's America
- "Morning in America" was a slogan.
- Music reflected a desire for national revitalization, emphasized manufacturing, and a return to traditional values.
Countrypolitan
- Country artists incorporated dance music.
- Dolly Parton transformed her image to become more glamorous.
- Country music became more mainstream in the 1980s.
Rock(s)
- The 1970s saw the rise of major labels, impacting the production and release of rock music.
- More genres emerged, leading to proliferation.
Heavy Metal
- Developed as an outgrowth of British hard rock, characterized by distortion.
- The genre explored darker themes, and virtuosity.
- Black Sabbath, an important band.
Hip Hop Origins
- Hip-hop emerged in the 1970s in poorer neighborhoods, with DJs and MCs.
- Underground dance parties were common.
- Contextualized as a combination of hip-hop and DJ music in early hip hop.
Gangsta Rap
- Sampling of funk led to a subgenre featuring melodic parts and violence.
- Often glamorized violence and misogyny.
- Emergence of the "gangsta rap" image, with lyrics reflecting both realities and stereotypes.
I Want My MTV
- MTV launched in 1981.
- It showcased music videos, leading to the dominance of music videos in popular culture.
- This significantly promoted musical acts.
Outsider Rebellions in Rock
- Punk featured a working-class frustration, 1950s aesthetics, and a DIY aesthetic.
- The Ramones, for instance, projected a working-class and DIY image.
New Wave
- Developed from punk, emphasizing accessible music and performance art.
- Bands like The B52s are examples.
- Synthesizers became more affordable.
Grunge
- Emerged as a reaction in contrast to the prior mainstream metal.
- Sound was characterized by intentionally scruffy visuals (ripped jeans, leather, and flannels) and the use of DIY aesthetic.
- The Seattle-based band Nirvana stands out as a key example.
Women Respond
- Tina Turner and other women established themselves as key figures in R&B.
- Their music and presence challenged perceived stereotypes.
- Hard-edged, rock-style qualities developed in some parts of the R&B and Soul genre.
Alternative Hip Hop
- 1990s saw Hip Hop sounds and production overtake rock.
- Women MCs were common parts of main stream and alternative music.
- Artists like Lauryn Hill challenged and redefined Hip Hop.
Recent Controversies
- Digital Audio Workstations (DAWS) played a substantial role in the changing process of music production.
- Artists like Lil Nas X made their music more accessible to wider audiences.
Current Trends
- Artists from several genres are crossing over in popularity and/or impact.
- New songwriters and singers are drawing inspiration from other genres.
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