Item Writing in Test Construction

<p>They reduce the likelihood of random guessing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Test takers can answer correctly by guessing half the time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To cover a broad range of content areas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may still allow for some guessing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They distract from the correct alternative. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreases the corrected score (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative impact on final score (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using a favorite option often reduces guessing accuracy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three or four options (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creating plausible distractors becomes difficult (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To minimize the chance of correct guessing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides five response options with a neutral midpoint. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are reverse scored before being added. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ten or more (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They tend to avoid the extremes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It captures varying degrees of opinion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to biased ratings based on comparisons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Likert's scale measures attitudes while category format measures performance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To establish a benchmark for comparison in rating. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They allow individuals to select descriptors that characterize themselves or others. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In nine piles based on how true they are. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase the difficulty level by requiring recall and organization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short answer item. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They require extensive responses and writing skills. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It should clearly specify the expected answer. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple choice. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selected response format (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It offers two response options. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True/false format (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selected response formats offer a choice of answers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short answer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Likert format (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To gather relevant inquiry sources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selected response and constructed response formats (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The range of content to be covered (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Projective items (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A larger number of items will be required to measure each trait adequately (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It should contain twice the number of final items (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The color of the test paper (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The objectives established for measurement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the test measures a single or multiple traits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assistance from experts in item writing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The range and nature of content covered by test items, determined by the measurement objectives.

Different types of test questions (e.g., multiple choice, projective).

The quantity of items in a test; influenced by the test's purpose (single vs. multiple traits), length of test, and administration method.

A test item that is open-ended and allows for diverse responses, suitable for personality assessment.

Specific goals for measuring a specific subject.

Creating test items for standardized tests. First draft typically has double the items of the final version.

Incorporating expertise during test item creation.

Duration or amount of items in a test; affected by the number of items and type of administration (individual or group).

A test format with two answer choices, one correct and one incorrect. Often used as true/false or yes/no.

Test format where examinees choose an answer from a list of options.

A type of selected-response format that presents a question with several possible answers.

A type of selected-response test format in which items need to be paired with their matches.

A specific type of dichotomous format where choices are either true or false.

A test format that offers more than two answer choices.

Factors, such as the test's goal and the number of people taking it, affect the test design.

Test items offering only two options: true or false. Easy to create and score but prone to guessing.

Similar to True/False, these items present a statement and require a 'yes' or 'no' response. They share similar advantages and disadvantages.

Test items with multiple response options where only one is correct. They include a stem, a correct answer, and incorrect distractors.

The question or statement in a polytomous item that presents the problem or scenario.

Incorrect options in polytomous items that are designed to seem plausible and confuse test takers.

They reduce guessing, are easily scored, and offer more flexibility in testing content compared to True/False and Yes/No items.

They still allow for a certain level of guessing, and may not effectively assess complex understanding or critical thinking skills.

Learning information by repetition without understanding its meaning or context.

A method to adjust test scores by subtracting points for incorrect answers. This discourages random guessing and rewards actual knowledge.

A mathematical formula used to calculate a corrected score by subtracting the number of wrong answers divided by (number of options - 1) from the number of correct answers. This formula helps to adjust for random guessing.

Guessing in a test with a correction for guessing can result in a lower score than if the test taker had left the question blank. This is because each wrong answer penalizes the score.

The more options available for a multiple-choice question, the smaller the chance of guessing correctly. This makes the test more reliable because it reduces the impact of random guesses.

Test developers should distribute all response options (A, B, C, D) in a balanced way. This prevents students from figuring out the pattern and guessing based on it.

Some teachers might unconsciously favor specific answer choices, leading to an uneven distribution of correct answers. This can make the test biased and predictable.

A test format where students match items from two lists, such as terms and definitions, or events and their dates, to test their knowledge of pairings.

A test format with a question and multiple possible answers, only one of which is correct. This allows for testing of knowledge and understanding.

A test format where examinees match items from two columns. It's designed to minimize guessing by providing more options than needed.

A commonly used scale for measuring attitudes and personalities. It offers 5 or 6 response options, ranging from 'strongly disagree' to 'strongly agree'.

The middle option on a Likert scale, allowing test takers to express neither agreement nor disagreement. It can lead to less clear-cut answers.

Similar to the Likert scale, but offers more than 5 response options. A 10-point scale is common, used to rate things like performance.

The challenge of accurately rating something like team performance, as it's influenced by individual perceptions and comparisons.

In Likert scales, some items may be worded negatively. These are scored in reverse, meaning a 'strongly agree' becomes a 'strongly disagree' and vice versa.

In Likert scales, responses are added together to create a total score representing the individual's overall attitude or personality.

Some Likert scale items are phrased negatively to avoid bias. These require reverse scoring to ensure they contribute correctly to the total score.

A method where test-takers sort statements into piles based on how much they agree or disagree with them. It's often used to assess personality or rate others.

A list of adjectives that test-takers check off if they apply to themselves or someone else. Often used for personality assessments.

A test format where the person taking the test needs to create their own answer, not just choose from options.

A test question that requires the test-taker to fill in a missing word or phrase to complete a sentence.

A test question that asks for a brief, direct answer. It's not as detailed as an essay.

A test format asking the test-taker to write a detailed, organized response to a question.

One method is to show raters example videos of performances that deserve a '1' and a '10' so they have a clear understanding of the rating scale.

Both methods involve test-takers making judgments about themselves or others. Checklists use adjectives, while Q-sorts use statements.