Questions and Answers
What is data processing?
The manipulation or transformation of raw data to produce output useful to end-users.
Which of the following is NOT part of the data processing cycle?
Which of the following is an operation in the process stage of data processing?
What is the primary purpose of feedback in the data processing cycle?
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What is a computer program?
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A programming language is only a set of instructions without any grammatical rules.
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Match the following elements of programming with their descriptions:
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What does the term 'Algorithm' refer to in programming?
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A ______ is a representation of an algorithm that is close to natural language.
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Which of the following expressions can represent algorithms?
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What is the primary function of the 'READ' operation in pseudocode?
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Study Notes
Data vs Information
- Data refers to raw facts and figures without context. Information is processed data that has meaning and can be utilized by end-users.
Data Processing Cycle
- Involves manipulating raw data to produce useful output.
- Stages include Input, Process, Output, and Storage.
Input Stage
- Recording: Captures or encodes data for processing.
- Verifying: Checks input data for correct format to eliminate errors.
Process Stage
- Calculating: Applies mathematical operations to data.
- Classifying: Groups data based on defined criteria.
- Comparing: Evaluates data against known measures.
- Summarizing: Condenses information into a more digestible format.
Storage
- Storing: Saves data for future use.
- Retrieving: Recovers previously stored data.
- Merging: Combines organized data files to create new datasets.
- Duplicating: Creates copies of data in various formats.
Output Stage
- Communicating: Translates processed data into information for users.
- Feedback: Assesses output against initial goals for accuracy and necessary adjustments.
Computer Program
- A collection of coded instructions that guides a computer to transform data into information.
- Development involves problem analysis and creating computer-based solutions.
Programming and Algorithms
- Programming is the act of writing a program which consists of instructions to achieve desired outcomes.
- An algorithm is a structured list of steps for solving a problem.
Programming Language
- A set of keywords and syntax rules used for instructing a computer.
- Types of programming languages include:
- Machine Language
- Assembly Language
- High-Level Language
- Very High-Level Language (4GL)
Seven Basic Elements of Programming
- Data: Constants and variables.
- Input: Collecting values from devices.
- Output: Writing information to output devices.
- Operations: Comparing, assigning, and combining values.
- Conditions/Selections: Using structures like If-Then-Else and Switches.
- Loops/Iterations: Includes While-Do, Repeat-Until, and For-Do.
- Subroutines/Modules: Includes functions and procedures for code reuse.
Types of Problems in Computing
- Computational Problems: Involve mathematical processing.
- Logical Problems: Result from relational or logical processing.
- Repetitive Problems: Require repetitive processing of instructions.
Algorithm Representation
- Algorithms can be expressed using:
- Pseudocode: A method close to natural language for documentation.
- Flowcharts: A visual representation using symbols to indicate the flow of operations.
Pseudocode Instructions
- OPEN: Grants access to records from a file.
- READ: Copies contents from a record into memory.
Pseudocode Example
- Demonstrates a routine that opens a file, reads addresses until end-of-file, and prints them into a new output file before closing.
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Description
Join Prof. Joyce Lyn Mateo-Ababoag in this ITE4 Programming 1 quiz where you'll explore the fundamentals of data processing. Understand the critical differences between data and information, and learn the data processing cycle, including input, processing, output, and storage. Test your knowledge and sharpen your programming skills!
