22 cfr 120 Definition
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What is the definition of a defense article according to the text?

  • Any item or technical data recorded or stored in any physical form (correct)
  • Forgings and castings that are identifiable by function as defense articles
  • Finished products that reveal technical data indirectly relating to items designated in § 121.1
  • Basic marketing information on function or purpose

    • What type of information is explicitly excluded from the definition of a defense article?

  • Technical data stored in physical forms
  • System descriptions
  • Marketing information on function (correct)
  • Finished products that reveal technical data directly

    • Which of the following is considered a defense article as per the text?

  • Forgings that are not identifiable by mechanical properties
  • Finished products with basic marketing information
  • Unfinished products clearly identifiable by mechanical properties (correct)
  • Models revealing general system descriptions

    • What stage must an unfinished product reach to be considered a defense article?

    <p>When it is clearly identifiable by mechanical properties, material composition, geometry, or function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls?

    <p>Designating defense articles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not included in the definition of a defense article?

    <p>General system descriptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered technical data according to the text?

    <p>Blueprints and drawings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not included in the definition of public domain as per the text?

    <p>Classified defense information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is excluded from the definition of technical data according to the text?

    <p>Information related to general scientific principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information is considered public domain based on the text?

    <p>Patents available at patent offices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is specifically mentioned as not constituting fundamental research?

    <p>Research funded by the U.S. government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does defense service include according to the text?

    <p>Military training of foreign units and forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the form of a commodity refer to?

    <p>Its configuration, material, and material properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is fit defined for a commodity?

    <p>Its ability to interface or connect with another commodity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does performance capability measure in a commodity?

    <p>Effectiveness to perform a designated function in a given environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In software, what does the term 'function' refer to?

    <p>Actions the software performs directly related to a defense article</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of 'equivalent' concerning a commodity?

    <p>Form modified for fit purposes only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to § 120.43, what is included in the term 'production'?

    <p>Product engineering, testing, and quality assurance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Catch-all control' refers to what aspect in the context provided?

    <p>'Unspecified parts, components, accessories, or attachments'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Enumerated' items in the context refer to what specifically?

    <p>'Items designated on the U.S. Munitions List or Commerce Control List'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Development' stages include which of the following activities?

    <p>'Design research and design concepts'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Engineering analysis' as mentioned refers to what specifically?

    <p>'Methods used to evaluate performance against operational requirements'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of document is issued by the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Defense Trade Controls to permit specific activities under this subchapter?

    <p>Other approval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of agreement involves granting a foreign person authorization to manufacture defense articles abroad with the use of technical data previously exported by a U.S. person?

    <p>Manufacturing license agreement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an 'exemption' refer to within the context of this subchapter?

    <p>A provision authorizing defense-related activities without written authorization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which document is not considered a 'license' under this subchapter but still approves regulated activities?

    <p>Other approval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a 'Technical Assistance Agreement' involve according to the text?

    <p>Export of defense articles or performance of a defense service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of document specifically authorizes the export, reexport, retransfer, temporary import, or brokering of a defense article without the need for a written authorization?

    <p>Exemption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered equipment according to the text?

    <p>A combination of parts, components, accessories, attachments, firmware, or software that operate together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates equipment from components or software?

    <p>Equipment operates together to perform a function, while components and software may not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is a commodity or software considered 'specially designed'?

    <p>When it has unique properties responsible for exceeding controlled performance levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a condition for an item to be considered not 'specially designed'?

    <p>Being developed with knowledge for use in defense articles but not other commodities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of awareness is inferred for an item to be considered 'specially designed'?

    <p>Awareness of a high probability of its existence or future occurrence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must contemporaneous documents establish for a defense article not to be 'specially designed'?

    <p>'Specially designed' items must have clear exclusions documented during development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Catch-all control' in the context of commodities or software refers to:

    <p>'Specially designed' items that do not fall into other defined controls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates equipment meeting the definition of an end-item from other equipment?

    <p>'End-item equipment' satisfies the criteria in paragraph (b) of the section.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Form, fit, function, performance capability, equivalent, enumerated, and catch-all control' primarily relates to:

    <p>'Specially designed' item classification criteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of basic research?

    <p>To understand fundamental aspects without specific applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between build-to-print and build/design-to-specification approaches?

    <p>The release of detailed design methodology information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In organizational-level maintenance, what types of tasks can be performed without specialized training?

    <p>Calibrating and servicing equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of applied research?

    <p>Directs efforts towards developing useful devices and systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which maintenance level involves performing tasks off-equipment at designated maintenance shops?

    <p>Intermediate-level maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key feature of manufacturing know-how?

    <p>Provides detailed manufacturing processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes basic-level maintenance from intermediate-level maintenance?

    <p>The location where maintenance tasks are performed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does build-to-print not include in its data package?

    <p>Detailed process information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transactions are based on a hands-off approach in terms of technical assistance?

    <p>Both build-to-print and build/design-to-specification transactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of research focuses on specific applications towards processes or products?

    <p>Applied research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activity is considered neither exports, reexports, retransfers, nor temporary imports?

    <p>Shipping defense articles within the United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered release of technical data according to the regulations?

    <p>Visual inspection of defense articles by foreign persons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which encryption standard is mentioned as providing security strength comparable to AES-128?

    <p>FIPS 140-2 compliant cryptographic modules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes access information according to the regulations?

    <p>Decryption keys for encrypted technical data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which situation would not result in exporting technical data?

    <p>Transmitting encrypted technical data to a U.S. person in the same foreign country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way can technical data be considered released according to the regulations?

    <p>Oral exchanges with U.S. persons of technical data abroad</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is end-to-end encryption defined as according to the regulations?

    <p>&quot;The provision of cryptographic protection of data between two end points&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity does not constitute releasing technical data under the regulations?

    <p>&quot;Transmitting technical data within the same foreign country between U.S. persons&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of technical data access requires authorization under the regulations?

    <p>&quot;Releasing decryption keys for encrypted technical data to a foreign person&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Unclassified, end-to-end encrypted, and not sent to proscribed countries" are conditions for what type of data?

    <p>&quot;Exported technical data&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of depot-level maintenance?

    <p>Repairing beyond the unit or organization capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'export' mean?

    <p>Sending or taking defense articles out of the United States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action is considered a 'reexport'?

    <p>Shipping defense articles between two foreign countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes a 'retransfer'?

    <p>Transfer of technical data within the same foreign country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in 'temporary import' as described in the text?

    <p>Returning defense articles to a foreign country from which they were shipped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action does NOT fall under the definition of 'export' as per the text?

    <p>Transferring ownership of a satellite between U.S. persons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario represents a 'deemed reexport'?

    <p>Releasing technical data to a foreign person outside the U.S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered Major Defense Equipment according to the Arms Export Control Act?

    <p>Any item on the U.S. Munitions List with a nonrecurring research and development cost exceeding $50,000,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of 'defense article' based on the Arms Export Control Act and the subchapter text provided?

    <p>Items described on the U.S. Munitions List of non-U.S. origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of military equipment, what does 'Commodity' refer to?

    <p>Any article, material, or supply excluding technology/technical data or software</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is classified as a 'Component' in the context of military equipment?

    <p>Any assembled element that forms a portion of an end-item without which the end-item is inoperable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'System' refer to in the context of military equipment?

    <p>A combination of parts, components, accessories, attachments, firmware, software, equipment, or end-items that operate together to perform a function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Arms Export Control Act, what is the minimum total production cost for an item to be classified as Major Defense Equipment?

    <p>$200,000,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of asterisks (*) in § 121.1 of the subchapter regarding Significant Military Equipment?

    <ul> <li>They identify items included in Major Defense Equipment</li> <li>They represent items with substantial military utility or capability</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Part' refer to in the context of military equipment classification?

    <ul> <li>Any single unassembled element of a major or a minor component</li> <li>An item that is useful only when used in conjunction with an end-item</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    'Foreign defense article or defense service' refers to items:

    <ul> <li>Of non-U.S. origin</li> <li>Described on the U.S. Munitions List</li> <li>Exclusively U.S. origin items</li> <li>Classified under Executive Order 13526</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    'Accessories and attachments' are associated articles that:

    <ul> <li>Are not necessary for operation but enhance usefulness or effectiveness</li> <li>Are assembled elements forming a portion of an end-item</li> <li>Are disassembled without impairing designed use</li> <li>Are related unique support tools directly linked to equipment or systems</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What is excluded from the definition of 'Commodity'?

    <p>Technology/technical data</p> Signup and view all the answers

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