22 cfr 120 Definition

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What is the definition of a defense article according to the text?

Any item or technical data recorded or stored in any physical form (correct)

Forgings and castings that are identifiable by function as defense articles

Finished products that reveal technical data indirectly relating to items designated in § 121.1

Basic marketing information on function or purpose

What type of information is explicitly excluded from the definition of a defense article?

Technical data stored in physical forms

System descriptions

Marketing information on function (correct)

Finished products that reveal technical data directly

Which of the following is considered a defense article as per the text?

Forgings that are not identifiable by mechanical properties

Finished products with basic marketing information

Unfinished products clearly identifiable by mechanical properties (correct)

Models revealing general system descriptions

What stage must an unfinished product reach to be considered a defense article?

When it is clearly identifiable by mechanical properties, material composition, geometry, or function Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Directorate of Defense Trade Controls?

Designating defense articles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not included in the definition of a defense article?

General system descriptions Signup and view all the answers

What is considered technical data according to the text?

Blueprints and drawings Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not included in the definition of public domain as per the text?

Classified defense information Signup and view all the answers

What is excluded from the definition of technical data according to the text?

Information related to general scientific principles Signup and view all the answers

What type of information is considered public domain based on the text?

Patents available at patent offices Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is specifically mentioned as not constituting fundamental research?

Research funded by the U.S. government Signup and view all the answers

What does defense service include according to the text?

Military training of foreign units and forces Signup and view all the answers

What does the form of a commodity refer to?

Its configuration, material, and material properties Signup and view all the answers

How is fit defined for a commodity?

Its ability to interface or connect with another commodity Signup and view all the answers

What does performance capability measure in a commodity?

Effectiveness to perform a designated function in a given environment Signup and view all the answers

In software, what does the term 'function' refer to?

Actions the software performs directly related to a defense article Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'equivalent' concerning a commodity?

Form modified for fit purposes only Signup and view all the answers

According to § 120.43, what is included in the term 'production'?

Product engineering, testing, and quality assurance Signup and view all the answers

'Catch-all control' refers to what aspect in the context provided?

'Unspecified parts, components, accessories, or attachments' Signup and view all the answers

'Enumerated' items in the context refer to what specifically?

'Items designated on the U.S. Munitions List or Commerce Control List' Signup and view all the answers

'Development' stages include which of the following activities?

'Design research and design concepts' Signup and view all the answers

'Engineering analysis' as mentioned refers to what specifically?

'Methods used to evaluate performance against operational requirements' Signup and view all the answers

What type of document is issued by the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Defense Trade Controls to permit specific activities under this subchapter?

Other approval Signup and view all the answers

Which type of agreement involves granting a foreign person authorization to manufacture defense articles abroad with the use of technical data previously exported by a U.S. person?

Manufacturing license agreement Signup and view all the answers

What does an 'exemption' refer to within the context of this subchapter?

A provision authorizing defense-related activities without written authorization Signup and view all the answers

Which document is not considered a 'license' under this subchapter but still approves regulated activities?

Other approval Signup and view all the answers

What does a 'Technical Assistance Agreement' involve according to the text?

Export of defense articles or performance of a defense service Signup and view all the answers

Which type of document specifically authorizes the export, reexport, retransfer, temporary import, or brokering of a defense article without the need for a written authorization?

Exemption Signup and view all the answers

What is considered equipment according to the text?

A combination of parts, components, accessories, attachments, firmware, or software that operate together. Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates equipment from components or software?

Equipment operates together to perform a function, while components and software may not. Signup and view all the answers

When is a commodity or software considered 'specially designed'?

When it has unique properties responsible for exceeding controlled performance levels. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a condition for an item to be considered not 'specially designed'?

Being developed with knowledge for use in defense articles but not other commodities. Signup and view all the answers

What type of awareness is inferred for an item to be considered 'specially designed'?

Awareness of a high probability of its existence or future occurrence. Signup and view all the answers

What must contemporaneous documents establish for a defense article not to be 'specially designed'?

'Specially designed' items must have clear exclusions documented during development. Signup and view all the answers

'Catch-all control' in the context of commodities or software refers to:

'Specially designed' items that do not fall into other defined controls. Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates equipment meeting the definition of an end-item from other equipment?

'End-item equipment' satisfies the criteria in paragraph (b) of the section. Signup and view all the answers

'Form, fit, function, performance capability, equivalent, enumerated, and catch-all control' primarily relates to:

'Specially designed' item classification criteria. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of basic research?

To understand fundamental aspects without specific applications Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between build-to-print and build/design-to-specification approaches?

The release of detailed design methodology information Signup and view all the answers

In organizational-level maintenance, what types of tasks can be performed without specialized training?

Calibrating and servicing equipment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of applied research?

Directs efforts towards developing useful devices and systems Signup and view all the answers

Which maintenance level involves performing tasks off-equipment at designated maintenance shops?

Intermediate-level maintenance Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature of manufacturing know-how?

Provides detailed manufacturing processes Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes basic-level maintenance from intermediate-level maintenance?

The location where maintenance tasks are performed Signup and view all the answers

What does build-to-print not include in its data package?

Detailed process information Signup and view all the answers

What type of transactions are based on a hands-off approach in terms of technical assistance?

Both build-to-print and build/design-to-specification transactions. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research focuses on specific applications towards processes or products?

Applied research Signup and view all the answers

What activity is considered neither exports, reexports, retransfers, nor temporary imports?

Shipping defense articles within the United States Signup and view all the answers

What is considered release of technical data according to the regulations?

Visual inspection of defense articles by foreign persons Signup and view all the answers

Which encryption standard is mentioned as providing security strength comparable to AES-128?

FIPS 140-2 compliant cryptographic modules Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes access information according to the regulations?

Decryption keys for encrypted technical data Signup and view all the answers

Which situation would not result in exporting technical data?

Transmitting encrypted technical data to a U.S. person in the same foreign country Signup and view all the answers

In what way can technical data be considered released according to the regulations?

Oral exchanges with U.S. persons of technical data abroad Signup and view all the answers

What is end-to-end encryption defined as according to the regulations?

"The provision of cryptographic protection of data between two end points" Signup and view all the answers

Which activity does not constitute releasing technical data under the regulations?

"Transmitting technical data within the same foreign country between U.S. persons" Signup and view all the answers

What type of technical data access requires authorization under the regulations?

"Releasing decryption keys for encrypted technical data to a foreign person" Signup and view all the answers

"Unclassified, end-to-end encrypted, and not sent to proscribed countries" are conditions for what type of data?

"Exported technical data" Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of depot-level maintenance?

Repairing beyond the unit or organization capability Signup and view all the answers

What does 'export' mean?

Sending or taking defense articles out of the United States Signup and view all the answers

What action is considered a 'reexport'?

Shipping defense articles between two foreign countries Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes a 'retransfer'?

Transfer of technical data within the same foreign country Signup and view all the answers

What is included in 'temporary import' as described in the text?

Returning defense articles to a foreign country from which they were shipped Signup and view all the answers

Which action does NOT fall under the definition of 'export' as per the text?

Transferring ownership of a satellite between U.S. persons Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario represents a 'deemed reexport'?

Releasing technical data to a foreign person outside the U.S. Signup and view all the answers

What is considered Major Defense Equipment according to the Arms Export Control Act?

Any item on the U.S. Munitions List with a nonrecurring research and development cost exceeding $50,000,000 Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'defense article' based on the Arms Export Control Act and the subchapter text provided?

Items described on the U.S. Munitions List of non-U.S. origin Signup and view all the answers

In the context of military equipment, what does 'Commodity' refer to?

Any article, material, or supply excluding technology/technical data or software Signup and view all the answers

What is classified as a 'Component' in the context of military equipment?

Any assembled element that forms a portion of an end-item without which the end-item is inoperable Signup and view all the answers

What does 'System' refer to in the context of military equipment?

A combination of parts, components, accessories, attachments, firmware, software, equipment, or end-items that operate together to perform a function Signup and view all the answers

According to the Arms Export Control Act, what is the minimum total production cost for an item to be classified as Major Defense Equipment?

$200,000,000 Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of asterisks (*) in § 121.1 of the subchapter regarding Significant Military Equipment?

<ul> <li>They identify items included in Major Defense Equipment</li> <li>They represent items with substantial military utility or capability</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Part' refer to in the context of military equipment classification?

<ul> <li>Any single unassembled element of a major or a minor component</li> <li>An item that is useful only when used in conjunction with an end-item</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

'Foreign defense article or defense service' refers to items:

<ul> <li>Of non-U.S. origin</li> <li>Described on the U.S. Munitions List</li> <li>Exclusively U.S. origin items</li> <li>Classified under Executive Order 13526</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

'Accessories and attachments' are associated articles that:

<ul> <li>Are not necessary for operation but enhance usefulness or effectiveness</li> <li>Are assembled elements forming a portion of an end-item</li> <li>Are disassembled without impairing designed use</li> <li>Are related unique support tools directly linked to equipment or systems</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What is excluded from the definition of 'Commodity'?

Technology/technical data Signup and view all the answers