IT9 Human-Computer Interaction Lesson 1

Questions and Answers

How do positive emotions affect problem-solving abilities?

They limit creativity and innovation.

They enable more creative thinking and complex problem-solving. (correct)

They distract from the task at hand.

They make problem-solving more challenging.

What is an important factor to consider regarding individual differences in design?

All users should have the same emotional state.

All users possess identical physical capabilities.

Age does not impact design requirements.

Designs must account for long-term and short-term variability in users. (correct)

Which of the following statements is true regarding recognition and recall in interactive systems?

Neither recognition nor recall is important in system design.

Recall is easier than recognition.

Recognition simplifies the command selection process for users. (correct)

Recognition allows users to remember commands without a prompt.

What effect do negative emotions have on thinking and problem-solving?

They cause individuals to focus narrowly on specific solutions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a cognitive strategy mentioned to reduce user strain during design?

Designing for error prevention and easy recovery. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary priority in designing computer systems according to Human-Computer Interaction principles?

Understanding user capabilities and limitations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disciplines is NOT mentioned as being involved in Human-Computer Interaction?

Environmental Science Signup and view all the answers

In the context of HCI, what is defined as a direct interaction?

A dialog with feedback during a task Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT one of the five major senses involved in input-output channels during human interaction?

Sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the three major concerns of Human-Computer Interaction?

Computers Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes usability in the context of HCI?

The system must support the user's task effectively. Signup and view all the answers

What role does feedback play during direct interaction in HCI?

It sustains a dialog throughout the performance of the task. Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario represents indirect interaction in human-computer interaction?

Using sensors to control the environment automatically Signup and view all the answers

Which sensory system primarily provides information through visual feedback?

Visual system Signup and view all the answers

What type of memory acts as a 'scratch-pad' for temporary recall of information?

Short-term memory Signup and view all the answers

Which display setting is preferred for more accurate performance according to experimental evidence?

Dark characters on a light screen Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to minimize cognitive load when designing an interface?

Present information clearly Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component that provides vital information about hot or cold sensations?

Tactile system Signup and view all the answers

How can interfaces favor recognition over recall?

By using familiar visual cues and clear labels Signup and view all the answers

What type of feedback does touch provide when interacting with a computer?

Tactile sensations of movement and buttons Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of providing immediate feedback in an interface?

It aids memory and navigation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to HCI

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) focuses on designing systems that assist users effectively.
Understanding user capabilities and limitations is essential for system design.

Definition of HCI

HCI involves the design, implementation, and evaluation of interactive systems related to user tasks.
Users can be individuals, groups, or sequences within an organization.
Computers encompass various technologies, including desktop computers, large systems, and embedded systems.
Interaction is any communication between a user and a computer, categorized into direct and indirect forms.

Key Disciplines in HCI

HCI is multi-disciplinary, incorporating insights from:
- Psychology
- Sociology
- Computer Science and Engineering
- Business
- Graphic Design
- Technical Writing

Usability in HCI

Core issues include the users, computers, and tasks at hand.
Usability is defined by how well a system supports user tasks and does not force unacceptable work modes.

Input-Output Channels

Interaction with computers relies on input from the user and output from the system.
Information is exchanged through senses: sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell.

Senses and Interaction

Vision is the primary source of information, with negative contrast displays preferred for accuracy.
Hearing provides environmental information through sound vibrations.
Touch offers warnings (e.g., heat) and feedback during computer interactions.

Movement and Interaction

Motor control impacts how users interact with computer systems, involving various processing stages to execute actions.

Human Memory Models

Memory functions as an information-processing system with three types:
- Sensory memory for short-term stimuli.
- Short-term memory for temporary information recall.
- Long-term memory as the main resource for storing information.

Memory Design Considerations

Minimize cognitive load by simplifying interfaces and ensuring clear information presentation.
Support memory retention with consistent design elements and reinforcement of key information.
Favor recognition through familiar visual cues, offering immediate feedback and navigation history.
Design should prioritize error prevention and easy recovery to lessen cognitive strain.

Emotional Impact on Performance

Positive emotions enhance creativity and problem-solving skills, while negative emotions narrow focus and hinder performance.
User frustration can complicate simple problem-solving tasks.

Acknowledging Individual Differences

Users are heterogeneous in their abilities, experiences, and emotional responses.
Long-term differences include physical and intellectual capabilities, while short-term fluctuations may arise from factors like stress or fatigue.
Awareness of these differences enhances design effectiveness.

Psychology's Role in HCI Design

Understanding human information processing is key in developing effective interactive systems.
Recognition is more user-friendly than recall, facilitating command selection from menus rather than requiring direct input.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamentals of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) as introduced in the IT9 course. It emphasizes the importance of understanding user needs and limitations in the design of computer systems. Dive into the principles that guide the design, implementation, and evaluation of interactive systems.