IT2314 Cloud Computing Technologies
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Questions and Answers

What is a common use case for block storage in cloud services?

  • File sharing among multiple servers
  • Cold data backup
  • Massive data storage
  • High performance and low latency requirements (correct)

    • Which cloud service is explicitly designed to provide connectivity and isolation?

  • Compute services
  • Virtualization services
  • Network services (correct)
  • Storage services

    • What does virtualization technology primarily allow for in terms of physical server resources?

  • Share hardware resources among multiple VMs (correct)
  • Capture resources for individual use only
  • Increase the number of physical servers required
  • Eliminate the need for a physical server

    • What is a characteristic of object storage in cloud computing?

    <p>Features a flat, easy scale-out architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about VMs is true?

    <p>VMs are isolated from each other even when sharing hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of compute services in cloud computing?

    <p>To run services such as websites and software applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are multiple VMs stored in the context of virtualization?

    <p>Encapsulated in multiple folders, isolated from each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does virtualization break down to improve resource usage?

    <p>Physical structure limitations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage do containers have over virtual machines (VMs)?

    <p>Containers provide better performance than VMs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is associated with rkt for service discovery?

    <p>etcd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Hyper-V containers launched by Microsoft?

    <p>They offer both security of VMs and lightweight nature of containers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the main function of containerization?

    <p>Virtualizing OSs instead of hardware.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature enhances consistent development and deployment in containers?

    <p>Customization of container images.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of using containers for application management?

    <p>Improved abstractions from OS virtualization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way are containers described as 'lightweight virtualization'?

    <p>They eliminate the virtualization layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operating systems can containers run on?

    <p>Multiple OSs including Linux, RHEL, and CoreOS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a public NAT gateway?

    <p>It allows cloud servers in a VPC to share EIPs for internet access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which storage type is characterized by local physical disks connected to a server?

    <p>Traditional block storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does decoupled compute and storage offer?

    <p>It improves the reliability, capacity, and bandwidth of the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario are private NAT gateways primarily used?

    <p>To provide network address translation for internal VPC servers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Elastic IPs (EIPs) allow cloud servers to do?

    <p>Access the internet using independent public IP addresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do traditional disk arrays enhance reliability?

    <p>By using multiple controllers to manage disk operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of shared file storage?

    <p>It supports concurrent access among multiple hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue does traditional block storage face due to its architecture?

    <p>It is unable to handle high data growth efficiently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which storage type offers the lowest latency and is ideal for mission-critical applications?

    <p>Block Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of object storage over file storage?

    <p>Large-scale data management capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is primarily used for file sharing between UNIX operating systems?

    <p>NFS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does object storage manage its data structure compared to file storage?

    <p>Using a flat structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which storage type requires formatting and creating a file system before use?

    <p>Block Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the latency level of file storage, such as NFS and CIFS?

    <p>Millisecond-level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of storage is most suitable when data needs to be shared among multiple compute nodes?

    <p>File Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of APIs does object storage use for data access?

    <p>Application-level APIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of virtualization in cloud computing?

    <p>To transform physical hardware into virtual resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of virtualization allows multiple VMs to operate on a single server?

    <p>Partitioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hypervisor in the context of virtualization?

    <p>Software that creates and runs VMs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about guest OS and host OS is true?

    <p>The host OS runs on a physical machine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virtualization component allows for the migration of VMs between physical servers?

    <p>Encapsulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of isolation in virtualization?

    <p>It ensures that issues in one VM do not affect others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between cloud computing and virtualization?

    <p>Cloud computing requires virtualization to deliver resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the CPU play in a computer system?

    <p>It processes calculations and executes instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cloud Computing Technologies

    • Compute services offer the necessary computing power for websites, office applications, and data analysis through VMs (Virtual Machines) and containers.
    • Network services ensure resource connectivity and isolation, utilizing virtual networks like VPC (Virtual Private Cloud), mirroring traditional network topologies.
    • Storage services are categorized into:
      • Block Storage: High performance, low latency, suitable for high I/O needs.
      • File Storage: Enables file sharing among multiple servers or departments.
      • Object Storage: Features a flat architecture ideal for large data storage and backups, primarily for cold data.

    Virtualization

    • Virtualization technology creates multiple VMs sharing the hardware resources of a physical server, enhancing resource management.
    • VMs consist of encapsulated disk and description files, allowing them to be stored and run from a shared medium.
    • It abstracts physical resources (CPU, memory, disk space) into logical resources for better allocation.

    Virtualization vs. Cloud Computing

    • Virtualization underpins cloud computing by converting physical hardware into virtual resources.
    • Cloud computing leverages these virtualized resources, allowing on-demand access via the Internet.
    • Primary features of virtualization include:
      • Partitioning: Host multiple VMs on a single physical server.
      • Isolation: Faults in one VM do not affect others.
      • Encapsulation: Migration of VMs via file operations.
      • Independence: VMs operate independently of the physical server post-migration.

    Important Virtualization Concepts

    • Hypervisor: Software layer that creates and manages VMs.
    • Guest OS: Operating system running on a VM.
    • Host OS: Operating system on the physical machine.
    • Guest Machine: The virtual machine instance.
    • Host Machine: The physical server.

    Computing Resources

    • Computing involves data processing and requires essential resources like CPU, memory, disks, and networks.
    • In 2016, Microsoft introduced Hyper-V containers, providing isolation akin to VMs but with container-level efficiency.

    Containers vs. VMs

    • Containers virtualize operating systems instead of hardware, making them more lightweight and efficient.
    • Benefits of containers include:
      • Easier and faster application building and deployment.
      • Consistent development and deployment across environments.
      • Portability across different operating systems and cloud platforms.
      • Application-centered management that improves isolation.

    Network Services in Cloud Computing

    • VPC allows users to configure IP address ranges, manage subnets, and set up security groups.
    • Public NAT gateways (SNAT/DNAT) enable cloud server access to the Internet, while private NAT gateways offer internal server communication.
    • EIP service provides public IP addresses and bandwidth, with various billing modes for flexibility.

    Cloud Storage

    • Cloud storage products offer high efficiency and lower costs, making them essential for data management.
    • Traditional block storage limits capacity and performance by coupling computing with physical disks.
    • Shared file storage allows data to be accessed concurrently by multiple hosts.
    • Object storage, supporting HTTP/HTTPS, is scalable and offers high reliability with API access.

    Types of Storage

    • Block Storage: Operates at the disk level, has the lowest latency, ideal for databases and mission-critical applications.
    • File Storage:
      • NFS: File-sharing protocol for UNIX systems.
      • CIFS: Remote file access protocol primarily for Windows clients.
    • Object Storage: Manages vast quantities of data with a flat structure, maintaining search performance regardless of object volume. Uses application-level APIs instead of system-level ones.

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    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz covers various aspects of cloud computing technologies, including compute services, network services, and their typical implementations such as virtual machines and containers. It aims to test your understanding of how these services function within a cloud environment and their connectivity. Prepare to explore the fundamentals of cloud infrastructure!

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