IT2105: Introduction to Operating Systems
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary roles of an operating system?

  • To increase the hardware costs for users
  • To control external networks and internet traffic
  • To provide physical security for computer servers
  • To facilitate communication between hardware and software (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT an objective of an operating system?

  • To increase the number of installed applications (correct)
  • To allow efficient utilization of computer resources
  • To make a computer convenient to use
  • To support the structure of hardware and services

    • What does the Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) define?

  • The collection of machine language instructions a computer can execute (correct)
  • The graphical interface design of the operating system
  • The layout of the computer's physical components
  • The communication protocols used between applications

    • How does the operating system respond to error conditions?

    <p>By clearing error conditions with minimal impact on applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Application Binary Interface (ABI)?

    <p>To define system call interfaces and available hardware resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component allows a program to utilize operating system services?

    <p>Application Programming Interface (API)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the responsibilities of an operating system in terms of performance monitoring?

    <p>To collect usage statistics for performance improvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kernel within an operating system?

    <p>To manage the system's hardware resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What problem is associated with scheduling in serial processing?

    <p>Users are unable to maximize their allocated time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the allocation of compute capacity depend on when multiple users request service simultaneously?

    <p>The number of users actively requesting service.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which time-sharing operating system was developed by the Project MAC group at MIT?

    <p>Compatible Time-sharing System (CTSS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main theoretical advances in operating system development?

    <p>Processes, memory management, and security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant issue caused by the set-up time in serial processing?

    <p>Error recovery requires restarting the entire setup sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the execution of a job in serial processing, which factor does not impact processing time?

    <p>User's experience with the software.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major drawback is associated with using a hardcopy sign-up sheet for scheduling?

    <p>It can lead to scheduling conflicts among users.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically excluded from the effective compute capacity allocated to users?

    <p>Operating system overhead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the I/O manager in the Windows Executive?

    <p>To provide a framework for accessing I/O devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Cache manager in the Windows OS?

    <p>To improve performance of file-based I/O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the Windows OS is responsible for creating and managing Windows Executive objects?

    <p>Object manager</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Plug-and-play manager do in the Windows OS?

    <p>Determines and loads necessary drivers for devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Windows OS handle multiple jobs when several are ready to run?

    <p>Through quantum computation for short bursts of execution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Power manager in the Windows OS?

    <p>To coordinate power consumption among devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Windows Executive encompass?

    <p>Core OS modules and services for specific functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of the Windows OS does the Windowing and graphing system specifically implement?

    <p>The graphical user interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the security reference monitor?

    <p>To enforce access validation and audit-generation rules for protected objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component manages the system registry and user settings on the Windows OS?

    <p>Configuration manager</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Advanced Local Procedure Call (ALPC) facility serve?

    <p>It facilitates communication between local processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) do?

    <p>It provides a standardized interface to hardware components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following manages the execution control and scheduling of threads?

    <p>Windows Kernel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of processes do user-mode services relate to?

    <p>Service processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main responsibility of the virtual memory manager?

    <p>To manage virtual addresses and paging files.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is responsible for shutting down idle devices to reduce power consumption?

    <p>Windows Kernel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of the modular design in a modern UNIX system?

    <p>It provides core functions and services to multiple OS processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a loadable module in the context of Linux operating systems?

    <p>An object file that can be dynamically linked to the kernel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is NOT part of System V Release 4 (SVR4)?

    <p>Integrated web server functionality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does dynamic linking work in Linux loadable modules?

    <p>Modules can be linked even while the kernel is active.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mode does a loadable module execute in while serving a process?

    <p>Kernel mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a vital characteristic of Linux loadable modules?

    <p>They can be unloaded from memory at any time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the clean implementation of the kernel in SVR4 provide?

    <p>Enhanced stability and performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose do loadable modules serve in Linux?

    <p>To implement functions like device drivers and file systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of Operating Systems

    • An operating system (OS) controls hardware resources and manages secondary memory and I/O devices.
    • The OS consists of software and files essential for booting and program execution which includes the kernel, administration tools, and system libraries.

    Key Functions of Operating Systems

    • Error detection mechanisms in the OS identify device failures and software errors, initiating responses to minimize impacts on applications.
    • Performance monitoring entails collecting usage statistics, such as response time, to enhance system performance.
    • The Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) outlines machine language instructions that a computer can execute, facilitating direct interaction with hardware.

    Important Standards in Operating Systems

    • Application Binary Interface (ABI) defines portability standards for binaries across programs, including system call interfaces to the OS and hardware resources.
    • Application Program Interface (API) provides a means for programs to interact with OS hardware resources and services via high-level language calls.

    Time-sharing Systems

    • In a time-sharing system, multiple users share access to resources, allowing for the interleaved execution of user programs in short bursts.
    • Compatible Time-sharing System (CTSS): One of the first time-sharing OS developed at MIT to allow simultaneous access for users.

    Challenges in Serial Processing

    • Scheduling issues arose due to fixed time allocations resulting in wasted processing time.
    • Set-up time is inefficient when multiple sequenced processes must be set before running a job; errors require starting over.

    Kernel Components in Microsoft Windows OS

    • Windows Executive: Core OS services with an API for user-mode software, focusing on I/O management, caching, and object management.
    • Windows Kernel: Controls processor execution, manages scheduling, process switching, exception handling, and synchronization.
    • Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL): Ancillary layer managing hardware variances, presenting a uniform interface to the OS.

    User-mode Processes

    • Special System Processes: Includes components like the session manager and authentication subsystems providing essential services.
    • Service Processes: Operate in the background, providing user-mode services and functionality for system-level services.

    UNIX and Linux Operating Systems

    • Modern UNIX systems feature modular designs, offering core OS functions needed by various processes.
    • System V Release 4 (SVR4): An AT&T and Sun Microsystems collaboration, it introduced real-time processing, improved scheduling, and a dynamic kernel.
    • Linux Loadable Modules: Independent blocks of code that can be loaded or unloaded at runtime, enabling dynamic linking and execution in kernel mode.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental objectives and functions of operating systems, emphasizing error detection and response mechanisms. Students will learn how OS detects device failures and software errors, while also understanding the strategies for minimizing impact on applications.

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