Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does IT infrastructure primarily consist of?
What does IT infrastructure primarily consist of?
- Only software components for design purposes
- Customer relationship management tools
- Business analytics programs
- A combination of physical devices and services (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a component of IT infrastructure?
Which of the following is NOT a component of IT infrastructure?
- Data services
- Telecommunications services
- Human resource management (correct)
- Application software services
What is meant by a 'service platform' perspective in IT infrastructure?
What is meant by a 'service platform' perspective in IT infrastructure?
- Focus on reducing physical assets within the firm
- Emphasizing the importance of physical facilities only
- Viewing investments purely based on equipment costs
- Gaining a better understanding of the value of IT investments (correct)
How does IT infrastructure relate to a firm's capabilities?
How does IT infrastructure relate to a firm's capabilities?
Identifying and describing stages of IT infrastructure evolution is part of which learning objective?
Identifying and describing stages of IT infrastructure evolution is part of which learning objective?
What is the primary advantage of using a Database Management System (DBMS)?
What is the primary advantage of using a Database Management System (DBMS)?
How does the database approach address data inconsistency?
How does the database approach address data inconsistency?
What potential issue arises from using subsets of a master file for different applications?
What potential issue arises from using subsets of a master file for different applications?
What role does a DBMS play in relation to application programs?
What role does a DBMS play in relation to application programs?
What benefit does a centralized database provide for an organization?
What benefit does a centralized database provide for an organization?
What is a database primarily composed of?
What is a database primarily composed of?
What hierarchy does data follow in a computer system, starting from the smallest unit?
What hierarchy does data follow in a computer system, starting from the smallest unit?
Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with the traditional file environment?
Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with the traditional file environment?
What does data inconsistency refer to in a traditional file environment?
What does data inconsistency refer to in a traditional file environment?
Which of the following best describes an attribute in the context of a record?
Which of the following best describes an attribute in the context of a record?
In a traditional file processing system, which issue arises from program-data dependence?
In a traditional file processing system, which issue arises from program-data dependence?
What type of data organization problem is characterized by duplicate data across multiple files?
What type of data organization problem is characterized by duplicate data across multiple files?
In the hierarchy of data, what comes directly after a byte?
In the hierarchy of data, what comes directly after a byte?
What is a key feature of global network access in cloud computing?
What is a key feature of global network access in cloud computing?
Which of the following is an aspect of measured service in cloud computing?
Which of the following is an aspect of measured service in cloud computing?
What distinguishes Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) in cloud computing?
What distinguishes Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) in cloud computing?
Which type of cloud is typically used for sensitive financial and personal data?
Which type of cloud is typically used for sensitive financial and personal data?
What is a key characteristic of a hybrid cloud?
What is a key characteristic of a hybrid cloud?
What is the primary purpose of Platform as a Service (PaaS)?
What is the primary purpose of Platform as a Service (PaaS)?
Which of the following is a characteristic of public clouds?
Which of the following is a characteristic of public clouds?
What does rapid elasticity in cloud computing refer to?
What does rapid elasticity in cloud computing refer to?
What is a primary key in a relational database?
What is a primary key in a relational database?
Which operation is used to combine relational tables in a relational DBMS?
Which operation is used to combine relational tables in a relational DBMS?
What does the SELECT operation do in a relational database?
What does the SELECT operation do in a relational database?
In a relational database, what is a foreign key?
In a relational database, what is a foreign key?
What is a field in the context of relational databases?
What is a field in the context of relational databases?
Which of the following statements about relational database tables is true?
Which of the following statements about relational database tables is true?
What does the PROJECT operation accomplish in a relational DBMS?
What does the PROJECT operation accomplish in a relational DBMS?
Which attribute is a key field used to uniquely identify records in a database?
Which attribute is a key field used to uniquely identify records in a database?
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Study Notes
IT Infrastructure
- IT infrastructure is the set of physical devices and software required for a business to operate.
- IT infrastructure includes both physical and digital components, like computing platforms, telecommunications services, data services, application software services, physical facilities services, and more.
IT Infrastructure Evolution
- IT infrastructure has evolved through several stages driven by technology advancements.
Contemporary Hardware Platform Trends
- Cloud Computing is becoming the dominant hardware platform.
- Cloud Computing allows access to computing resources through the internet, rather than having them physically present on a local device.
- Cloud Computing offers three main services:
- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Provides computing resources like servers and storage.
- Platform as a Service (PaaS): Provides development tools and runtime environments for software.
- Software as a Service (SaaS): Provides software applications over the internet.
Cloud Computing Types
- Public Cloud: Owned and operated by external service providers, accessible to anyone, commonly used for non-sensitive data.
- Private Cloud: Owned and operated by a specific company, accessible only to internal users, typically used for sensitive data.
- Hybrid Cloud: Combines both public and private cloud elements, offering flexibility and security.
Data Organization in a Traditional File Environment
- A database is a collection of related files.
- A file contains records of the same type.
- A record represents an entity (person, place, thing) and contains related fields.
- Each field represents an attribute or quality of the entity.
Problems with Traditional File Environment
- Data Redundancy: Duplicate data present in multiple files.
- Data Inconsistency: Discrepancies in the values of the same attribute across different files.
- Program-Data Dependence: Changes in software require changes to the data it accesses.
- Lack of Flexibility: Difficulty adapting to changing data needs.
- Poor Security: Vulnerability to unauthorized access and modification.
- Lack of Data Sharing and Availability: Difficult to share data across departments.
The Database Approach
- A database system provides a centralized approach to data management, reducing redundancy and inconsistency.
- Database Management System (DBMS) acts as an interface between applications and physical data files.
Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)
- RDBMS organizes data in two-dimensional tables.
- Each table represents an entity and its attributes.
- Rows in a table represent individual records.
- Columns represent attributes of the entity.
- Key Field is used to uniquely identify each record, primary key is the key field used for referencing records from other tables.
RDBMS Operations
- SELECT: Extracts a subset of records based on specified criteria.
- JOIN: Combines data from multiple tables to provide comprehensive information.
- PROJECT: Creates a subset of columns from a table, providing a focused view of the data.
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