IT 1060 Deployment and Maintenance

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the Spiral Model?

Cost reduction
Risk management (correct)
Development speed
User satisfaction

Which phase of the Spiral Model involves evaluating alternatives and resolving risks?

Planning
Evaluation
Risk Analysis (correct)
Development & Test

Which of the following is a significant weakness of the Spiral Model?

It produces a working product late in the process.
It does not allow for user feedback.
It is only suitable for small projects.
It can be a costly model to use. (correct)

In which quadrant of the Spiral Model do objectives, alternatives, and constraints get determined?

Quadrant 1: Planning (B) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the Spiral Model excel in that makes it suitable for large and mission-critical projects?

Cumulative cost assessment (A) Signup and view all the answers

What must happen before software can be deployed into the production environment?

It must be error free. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a strength of the Waterfall model?

Each phase has specific deliverables. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions is the Waterfall model most appropriate?

When the product definition is stable. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant weakness of the Waterfall model?

It delays the discovery of errors. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic does NOT favor the use of the Waterfall model?

Highly dynamic and changing requirements. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between the iterative model and the classical Waterfall model?

Iterative model includes feedback paths. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What challenge does the Waterfall model face regarding software requirements?

Changes cannot be accommodated after initial planning. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Waterfall model unsuitable for complex projects?

It has rigid structures that do not adapt. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which life cycle model is most appropriate for projects that involve new technology and significant changes?

Spiral Model (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of project would most benefit from using the Spiral Model?

Projects that are complex with constantly changing requirements (D) Signup and view all the answers

When should a project team consider using the Waterfall Model?

For projects with well-understood requirements (C) Signup and view all the answers

In a scenario where a team has little experience and there is no pressure on time, what is the best approach to project management?

Selecting the Waterfall Model for its straightforward approach (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of projects suitable for the Spiral Model?

They are subject to significant changes and user uncertainty (B) Signup and view all the answers

When is it appropriate to use the Incremental model?

On projects requiring early basic functionality (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary weakness of the Prototyping model?

It can lead to scope creep (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of using a prototype in the Prototyping model?

Helps in understanding current requirements (D) Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would the Prototyping model be most beneficial?

When user expectations need clarification (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason to select the Incremental model?

Experience with existing technology (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does Prototyping increase user satisfaction?

Through early clarification of system expectations (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential problem encountered during the Prototyping model?

Overreliance on user feedback (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which development model performs the best in terms of handling unclear user requirements?

Iterative and Agile (A) Signup and view all the answers

What project characteristics would necessitate the use of an Incremental model?

Long development schedule with evolving requirements (C) Signup and view all the answers

In terms of developing complex systems, which model is rated the highest?

Evolutionary Spiral (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which development approach is rated highest for projects with short time schedules?

Iterative and Agile (A), Incremental (B) Signup and view all the answers

For projects with strict cost limitations, which model is the most suitable?

Iterative and Agile (A), Incremental (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which approach has the best capability for component reusability?

Incremental (D) Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Deployment and Maintenance

Software is deployed once it is free of defects.
Maintenance team resolves issues reported by users in real-time.

Waterfall Model

Strengths:
- Easy management with clear deliverables per phase.
- Establishes stability in requirements.
- Effective for smaller projects with well-defined requirements.
- Facilitates setting schedules and deadlines.
Weaknesses:
- No functional software until project completion.
- High uncertainty and potential delays in identifying errors.
- System changes after the requirements phase are informal and challenging.
- Ineffective for complex projects with changing requirements.

When to Use Waterfall Model

Clearly defined software requirements.
Stable product definition.
Updates to existing software systems.
Familiar development technologies and tools.
Availability of ample resources and expertise.

Iterative Model

Adapts the classical waterfall approach to allow for defect correction during the development phases.
Incorporates feedback loops to enhance software revisions.

Incremental Model

Suitable for projects with long development timelines requiring early basic functionality release.
Most requirements defined upfront but expected to evolve.
Can accommodate new technology demands.

Prototyping Model

Prototypes built to clarify requirements before full development.
Facilitates effective client feedback and adjustments based on the prototype review.
Promotes better understanding of the final product’s features.
Strengths:
- Clarifies user expectations and generates awareness of additional functionalities.
- Enhances user satisfaction through early feedback.
Weaknesses:
- Risks of scope creep where project scope expands unexpectedly.
- Potential neglect of overall maintainability.

Spiral Model

Involves four quadrants: Planning, Risk Analysis, Development & Testing, Evaluation.
Focuses on risk assessment and frequent feedback from users to iterate product development.
Strengths:
- Strong emphasis on risk analysis, suited for large and critical projects.
- Early software development iteration encourages ongoing feedback.
Weaknesses:
- Can be costly and requires high expertise for risk assessment.
- Less effective for smaller projects due to complexity.

When to Use Spiral Model

Ideal for medium to high-risk projects.
Projects involving new technology and complex, evolving requirements.
Useful when extensive changes are anticipated.

Mini-Cases

Case 1: Developing an inventory control system with prior team experience.
Case 2: A library management system requiring integration with multiple libraries, demanding skills but limited time pressure.
Case 3: Banking system project with many user interactions facing few requirement definition risks.

Comparison Summary

Various models assessed based on requirements clarity, technology familiarity, system complexity, reliability, timeline constraints, project management strengths, cost limitations, documentation needs, and component reusability.

Next Lecture Focus

Introduction to Requirements Engineering.

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