Isomerism in Organic Chemistry
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Questions and Answers

What is the correct order of priority for functional groups in a molecule?

  • H(1) > C(6) > N(7) > F(9)
  • N(7) > F(9) > C(6) > H(1)
  • F(9) > N(7) > C(6) > H(1) (correct)
  • C(6) > N(7) > F(9) > H(1)

    • What is the term for molecules with two or more chiral carbons that exist as non-mirror images of each other?

  • Mesomers
  • Enantiomers
  • Stereoisomers
  • Diastereomers (correct)

    • What is the characteristic of a good leaving group in a substitution reaction?

  • It forms a stable anion (correct)
  • It is a strong electron donor
  • It is the conjugate acid of a strong base
  • It is a poor nucleophile

    • What is the rate-limiting step of an SN1 substitution reaction?

    <p>Unimolecular rate-limiting step</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must alcohols be activated in an SN1 substitution reaction?

    <p>Because they are poor leaving groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of substrate that can undergo an SN1 substitution reaction?

    <p>Sp3 hybridized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between constitutional isomers?

    <p>Their molecular formulas and physical/chemical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of isomerism that occurs when there is restricted rotation around double bonds in an alkene?

    <p>Geometric isomerism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the priority of the functional group attached to the alkene carbon based on atomic number?

    <p>C(6) &gt; H(1) &gt; CH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the arrangement of the four groups attached to the asymmetric carbon in enantiomers?

    <p>Configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the asymmetric carbon atoms assigned in enantiomers?

    <p>Based on their three-dimensional configurations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between cis (Z) and trans (E) isomers?

    <p>Their positions of functional groups on the same or opposite side of the carbon chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a planar carbocation intermediate in a reaction?

    <p>Loss of stereochemistry at the reacting centre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of solvents favour E2 elimination reactions?

    <p>Polar aprotic solvents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the transition state in an SN2 reaction?

    <p>Trigonal bipyramidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nucleophiles are more reactive?

    <p>Anionic nucleophiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate-limiting step in an E1 elimination reaction?

    <p>Unimolecular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nucleophiles are based on atoms lower down the periodic table?

    <p>More reactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the reaction between an achiral alkene and an electrophile?

    <p>A racemic mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reagent is used to convert an alkyne to a cis-alkene?

    <p>Lindlar's catalyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the strong base in the reaction with alkynes?

    <p>To deprotonate the alkyne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reaction between an alkyne and NaBH4?

    <p>A cis-alkene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reagent is used to convert an alkene to an epoxide?

    <p>mCPBA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the necessary condition for the E2 reaction to occur?

    <p>The β-hydrogen atom and leaving group must be σCH anti-periplanar to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of base favours the formation of the less substituted alkene in an E2 reaction?

    <p>A large and bulky base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the regioselectivity of the E2 reaction?

    <p>Formation of the more substituted alkene is favoured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction is stereospecific when there is only one β-hydrogen atom?

    <p>E2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a strong base on the E2 reaction?

    <p>It favours the reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition necessary for the formation of a stabilised carbocation?

    <p>The ability to form a stabilised carbocation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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