29 Questions
What is the correct order of priority for functional groups in a molecule?
F(9) > N(7) > C(6) > H(1)
What is the term for molecules with two or more chiral carbons that exist as non-mirror images of each other?
Diastereomers
What is the characteristic of a good leaving group in a substitution reaction?
It forms a stable anion
What is the rate-limiting step of an SN1 substitution reaction?
Unimolecular rate-limiting step
Why must alcohols be activated in an SN1 substitution reaction?
Because they are poor leaving groups
What is the type of substrate that can undergo an SN1 substitution reaction?
Sp3 hybridized
What is the primary difference between constitutional isomers?
Their molecular formulas and physical/chemical properties
What is the term for the type of isomerism that occurs when there is restricted rotation around double bonds in an alkene?
Geometric isomerism
What is the priority of the functional group attached to the alkene carbon based on atomic number?
C(6) > H(1) > CH3
What is the term used to describe the arrangement of the four groups attached to the asymmetric carbon in enantiomers?
Configuration
How are the asymmetric carbon atoms assigned in enantiomers?
Based on their three-dimensional configurations
What is the primary difference between cis (Z) and trans (E) isomers?
Their positions of functional groups on the same or opposite side of the carbon chain
What is the result of a planar carbocation intermediate in a reaction?
Loss of stereochemistry at the reacting centre
What type of solvents favour E2 elimination reactions?
Polar aprotic solvents
What is the shape of the transition state in an SN2 reaction?
Trigonal bipyramidal
Which type of nucleophiles are more reactive?
Anionic nucleophiles
What is the rate-limiting step in an E1 elimination reaction?
Unimolecular
What type of nucleophiles are based on atoms lower down the periodic table?
More reactive
What is the outcome of the reaction between an achiral alkene and an electrophile?
A racemic mixture
Which reagent is used to convert an alkyne to a cis-alkene?
Lindlar's catalyst
What is the role of the strong base in the reaction with alkynes?
To deprotonate the alkyne
What is the product of the reaction between an alkyne and NaBH4?
A cis-alkene
Which reagent is used to convert an alkene to an epoxide?
mCPBA
What is the necessary condition for the E2 reaction to occur?
The β-hydrogen atom and leaving group must be σCH anti-periplanar to each other.
Which type of base favours the formation of the less substituted alkene in an E2 reaction?
A large and bulky base.
What is the regioselectivity of the E2 reaction?
Formation of the more substituted alkene is favoured.
Which reaction is stereospecific when there is only one β-hydrogen atom?
E2
What is the effect of a strong base on the E2 reaction?
It favours the reaction.
What is the condition necessary for the formation of a stabilised carbocation?
The ability to form a stabilised carbocation.
Test your understanding of isomerism in organic chemistry, including constitutional isomers and geometric isomers. Learn about the differences in molecular structure and properties, and how to assign priority to groups based on atomic number.
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