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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of ISO 14001?
What is the primary purpose of ISO 14001?
ISO 14001 is simply a checklist for compliance with environmental regulations.
ISO 14001 is simply a checklist for compliance with environmental regulations.
False
What model is central to the ISO 14001 process?
What model is central to the ISO 14001 process?
Plan-do-check-adjust
ISO 14001 emphasizes continual __________ in environmental management practices.
ISO 14001 emphasizes continual __________ in environmental management practices.
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Match the following ISO 14001 elements with their purposes:
Match the following ISO 14001 elements with their purposes:
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Which of the following is NOT a condition required for the General Duty Clause to apply?
Which of the following is NOT a condition required for the General Duty Clause to apply?
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Heat-related hospitalizations have decreased from 2018 to 2021.
Heat-related hospitalizations have decreased from 2018 to 2021.
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Name one factor addressed by the Comprehensive Safety and Health Program.
Name one factor addressed by the Comprehensive Safety and Health Program.
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Between 2018 to 2021, there were _____ heat-related deaths.
Between 2018 to 2021, there were _____ heat-related deaths.
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Match the following workplace hazards with their reported incidents or statistics:
Match the following workplace hazards with their reported incidents or statistics:
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What is one key recommendation from OSHA for effective safety and health programs?
What is one key recommendation from OSHA for effective safety and health programs?
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There have been many incidents involving lasers since 1999.
There have been many incidents involving lasers since 1999.
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Which of the following is a focus of OSHA’s recommended practices for safety and health programs?
Which of the following is a focus of OSHA’s recommended practices for safety and health programs?
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Management leadership is only about enforcing rules without demonstrating safety behavior.
Management leadership is only about enforcing rules without demonstrating safety behavior.
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What is the primary goal of conducting a hazard analysis?
What is the primary goal of conducting a hazard analysis?
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An example of a personal protective equipment (PPE) is a __________.
An example of a personal protective equipment (PPE) is a __________.
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Which of the following is an example of hazard prevention through design?
Which of the following is an example of hazard prevention through design?
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Match the following elements with their appropriate descriptions:
Match the following elements with their appropriate descriptions:
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Employee involvement is important because it encourages workers to support safety programs.
Employee involvement is important because it encourages workers to support safety programs.
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What is a key component of an Occupational Health and Safety Management System?
What is a key component of an Occupational Health and Safety Management System?
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The ANSI/ASSP Z10.0-2019 standard is a compulsory regulation for all organizations.
The ANSI/ASSP Z10.0-2019 standard is a compulsory regulation for all organizations.
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List one example of an engineering control that enhances workplace safety.
List one example of an engineering control that enhances workplace safety.
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Name one of the most common OHSMS standards used in the US.
Name one of the most common OHSMS standards used in the US.
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After identifying a hazard, it is important to select controls according to __________.
After identifying a hazard, it is important to select controls according to __________.
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An organization should ensure that _______ are identified and evaluated in an OHSMS.
An organization should ensure that _______ are identified and evaluated in an OHSMS.
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Match the following elements with their respective descriptions:
Match the following elements with their respective descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT a component of an OHSMS?
Which of the following is NOT a component of an OHSMS?
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Workers are extensively involved in the Occupational Health and Safety Management System.
Workers are extensively involved in the Occupational Health and Safety Management System.
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What is the purpose of performance assessment in OHSMS?
What is the purpose of performance assessment in OHSMS?
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The continuous communication about the status of compliance or _______ is essential for continual improvement.
The continuous communication about the status of compliance or _______ is essential for continual improvement.
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Which of the following processes is involved in risk assessment within OHSMS?
Which of the following processes is involved in risk assessment within OHSMS?
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What does the 'T' in SMART goals stand for?
What does the 'T' in SMART goals stand for?
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Establishing an Environmental Management System (EMS) is required by law.
Establishing an Environmental Management System (EMS) is required by law.
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What is the purpose of an Environmental Management System (EMS)?
What is the purpose of an Environmental Management System (EMS)?
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The __________ model is used for continual improvement in management systems.
The __________ model is used for continual improvement in management systems.
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Match the following benefits of an EMS with their descriptions:
Match the following benefits of an EMS with their descriptions:
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Which ISO standard is recognized as the world's EMS standard?
Which ISO standard is recognized as the world's EMS standard?
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Setting environmental objectives and targets is essential for reducing environmental impacts.
Setting environmental objectives and targets is essential for reducing environmental impacts.
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What does ISO 14000 provide to organizations?
What does ISO 14000 provide to organizations?
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An EMS allows organizations to control environmental aspects and impacts by establishing __________ and __________.
An EMS allows organizations to control environmental aspects and impacts by establishing __________ and __________.
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Which of the following is NOT a step in the basic process of an EMS?
Which of the following is NOT a step in the basic process of an EMS?
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Study Notes
General Duty Clause
- OSHA's General Duty Clause applies when a specific written standard doesn't address a workplace hazard.
- Four conditions must be met:
- A hazard exists in the workplace.
- The hazard is recognized.
- The hazard is causing, or likely to cause, serious physical harm to employees.
- A feasible means exists to reduce the hazard.
- Examples of hazards covered: Ergonomics, heat/cold stress, combustible dust, lasers, workplace violence.
Workplace Injuries
- Ergonomics: 21-33% of injuries.
- Heat/cold stress: 789 hospitalizations and 54 deaths from 2018-2021.
- Combustible dust: 2021:163 fires, 53 explosions, 215 injuries, 69 deaths.
- Lasers: 26 incidents since 1999.
- Workplace violence: 2020: 705 deaths and 27,000 lost-time injuries.
Two Approaches
- Comprehensive Safety and Health Program
- Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems
OSHA Recommended Practices
- Compliance with OSHA standards is important but an effective program goes beyond specific requirements.
- Safety and health programs reduce injuries, lost workdays, and worker's compensation costs.
OSHA's Safety and Health System Model
- The model emphasizes a proactive approach.
- Key elements include:
- Management leadership and employee involvement
- Worksites analysis
- Training
- Hazard prevention and control
OSHA's Model
- Top management demonstrates commitment, sets expectations and responsibilities
- Managers create a culture of safety and health, provide resources and support.
- Workers and representatives involved in the program: setting goals, identifying hazards, investigating incidents, and monitoring progress.
- Barrier removal, allowing for open communication.
- Procedures to identify and evaluate hazards.
- Control measures (engineering controls first, followed by administrative and personal protective equipment).
- Training to understand the program and control measures.
- Program evaluation for effectiveness and continuous improvement.
Element 1 - Management Leadership
- Management should integrate safety and health into the company's mission.
- Set a good example, by wearing PPE and following safety procedures.
- Enforce safety rules promptly with clear expectations for response time to hazards.
Element 2 - Employee Involvement
- Workers should understand potential hazards effectively.
- Diverse input from employees helps in implementing effective safety programs.
- Increased employee support and use of the program.
Element 3 - Hazard Analysis
- Managers and employees should analyze all workplace conditions.
- Identify and eliminate existing or potential hazards.
- This includes looking at tasks, equipment, work practices and injury reports.
Hazard Analysis
- Covers all departments
- Reviews current tasks/proposed changes
- Reviews equipment condition
- Reviews work practices
- Reviews personal protective equipment (PPE)
- Reviews injury and illness reports
Element 4 - Hazard Prevention & Control
- Prioritize controls using a hierarchy: Elimination, Substitution, Engineering Controls, Administrative Controls, and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
Examples of Eliminating the Hazard
- Non-needle IV systems
- Placement of valves and controls at ground level.
- Prevention through design
- Mechanical mechanisms rather than manual
Examples of Engineering Controls
- Retracting and self-shielding needles.
- GFCI on electrical outlets.
- Machine guards.
- Local exhaust ventilation.
- Chemical fume hoods.
Examples of Administrative Controls
- Lock-out/tag-out energy sources before equipment maintenance.
- Prohibit recapping used needles.
- Job Rotation
- Housekeeping
Examples of PPE
- Gloves, Aprons, Goggles
- Respirators, Safety Glasses
Element 5 - Education & Training
- Is appropriate training conducted?
- Are employees learning what they should?
- Are unsafe work practices being used?
Element 6 - Program Evaluation & Review
- Performance monitored through:
- Safety Committee
- Employee feedback
- Self-Inspection Program
- Injury investigation and evaluation
- Leading and lagging indicators
Element 7 - Host Employer/Contract Employees
- Host employers responsible for some contract/temporary employees' safety.
- Various websites contain information.
OSHA Safety and Health Programs
- Recommended Practices for Safety and Health Programs.
- Construction
OUHSC Comprehensive Safety and Health Policy and Program
- Policy on safety and health for OUHSC.
Management Systems
- Systems to establish policy and objectives to achieve objectives.
- Six common elements: Planning, Policy, Implementation & Operation, Performance Assessment, Improvement, and Management Review.
Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems
- A system organizations put into place for safety policies that includes continual improvement.
- Several formats are available: ANSI/ASSP Z10.0 standards and ISO 45001.
OHSMS
- Management expects processes to assure that management provides direction and leadership and workers are actively involved.
- Resources are adequate. Hazards are identified and evaluated. Risks are assessed and prioritized. Risk elimination, reduction, or control measures are taken. Injuries and illnesses are reduced. Management system deficiencies and opportunities are identified, and communication is ongoing about status.
ANSI/ASSP Z10.0-2019
- Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems
- Voluntary consensus standard
- ASSP video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?, (link removed)
- ASSP free resource. (link removed)
ANSI/ASSP Z10.0-2019 (Detailed Elements)
- Scope, Purpose, and Application; References; Definitions, Context of the Organization-Strategic Considerations: Management Leadership and Worker Participation, Planning; Support, Implementation and Operation; Evaluation and Corrective Action; Management Review
What's Different
- Setting SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic/Relevant, and Timebound) goals.
- Continual improvement.
- Plan-Do-Check-Act model
Environmental Management Systems
- Establish comprehensive environmental compliance.
- Identify all regulations and requirements applicable to the company.
- Create organizational commitment to responsibility and accountability.
Environmental Management Systems (Benefits)
- Not required by law.
- Competitive advantage.
- Improved public image.
- Minimized legal liabilities
Basic Process in an EMS
- Reviewing organizational environmental goals and impact/compliance, objectives and targets, establishing programs to meet targets.
- Monitoring and measuring progress, employee awareness and competence, and reviewing progress and improvement.
EMS ISO 14001
- The world's EMS standard.
- Various resources, including videos, are available.
ISO 14000/14001
- Global EMS standards for organizations demonstrating environmental responsibility.
- Controls environmental aspects, targets, and objectives.
- Improves compliance.
- Prevents pollution and reduces waste.
ISO 14001
- Environmental Management System
- Audit process to verify organizational actions.
- Continual improvement (Plan-do-check-adjust model).
- Not a checklist for compliance
ISO 14001 Standard
- Describes various key elements and procedures, including policy, environmental aspects, legal requirements, objectives and programs, roles and responsibility, awareness, documentation, control of documents, operational control, emergency preparedness, monitoring and measurement, evaluation of compliance, nonconformity corrective action, preventive actions, records, internal audit, management review, etc.
Environmental Policy
- Declares an organization's commitment to the environment.
- Provides a framework for planning and action.
Environmental Aspects
- Identifies activities, products, and services with potential environmental impact.
"Significant Environmental Aspects and Associated Impacts"
- ISO 14001 requires identifying environmental aspects, their potential impacts.
- Aspects interact with the environment.
- Impacts are the changes (positive or negative) in the environment resulting from the organization's activities.
- Full life-cycle of a product is considered.
ISO 14001
- Consistent with the life cycle perspective; organizations need to establish proper control of environmental requirements, including design processes, products and services and their life-cycle.
- Communicate environmental requirements to external contributors (contractors).
- Considering environmental impacts during transportation or disposal of products/services.
Product Stewardship
- Using a lifecycle perspective, companies need to manage health, safety, and environmental aspects of raw materials, intermediate materials, and consumer products that impact the value chain.
- Preventing or minimizing negative impacts, maximizing value.
Product Stewardship Sustainability
- Evaluation of product life cycle analysis for product sustainability
- Consideration of potential hazards in development, production, use and disposal.
- Practices such as substitution, waste minimization, recycling/reuse.
Procurement
- Supply chain accountability.
- Environmental polluters and child labor are addressed.
- Examples: Nike, Apple, Ikea, Walmart; examples of the negative impact that company purchasing has on the environment and on the lives of their workers.
Legal and Other Requirements
- Identify and ensure access to relevant laws and regulations.
Objectives, Targets, and Programs
- Establish environmental goals in accordance with policy, aspects, impacts and management viewpoints.
- Develop action plans for goals and targets.
Resources, Roles, Responsibility and Authority
- Establish responsibilities and provide resources to employees/departments with clear authority designations.
Competence, Training and Awareness
- Ensure employees are trained and capable of carrying out environmental responsibilities.
Communication
- Establish internal and external communication about environmental management issues.
Operational Control
- Identify, plan, and manage operations according to policy, objectives, and targets.
Emergency Preparedness and Response
- Identify potential emergencies, and establish preventative and response procedures.
Evaluation of Compliance
- Evaluate legal and other requirements periodically
- Record results.
Nonconformity, Corrective Action & Preventive Action
- Identify and correct problems; prevent future occurrences.
Documentation
- Keep thorough records of EMS performance.
Internal Audit
- Periodically review commitments and verify the EMS's operation as intended
- Report audit results to management.
Management Review
- Review EMS for continuous improvement.
EMS Supporting Documents (Details)
- Page lists environmental policy, aspects/requirements, objectives/targets, resources/roles/responsibility, communication, documentation, control of documents, operational control, emergency preparedness and response, monitoring, measuring, evaluation, nonconformity, corrective action, preventative action, records, internal audits, and management reviews.
Return on Investment
- Return on investment and various methods for demonstrating the return.
- Data showing how safety investments reduce costs.
The Tip of the Iceberg
- Detailed breakdown of direct and indirect costs associated with workplace injuries.
OUHSC Example
- Provides information about safety practices implementation and analysis of return on investment information from an actual OUHSC implementation.
- Specifics, including the difficulties in implementing effective safety training.
Training Lost Billable Costs
- Training costs may increase initially but show savings over time.
Injury Lost Billable Costs
- Show that injuries may decrease over time with the implementation of a safety program.
Total Financial Impact
- Summarizes the overall financial effects of the training program and the positive impact on injury-related costs.
Ways to Show Return on Investment
- Various methods for demonstrating return on investment (e.g., safety pays tools, white papers).
- Various organizations with safety resources are noted.
Other Resources
- Link for return on investment of safety.
Bottom Line
- Effective safety programs reduce injuries, illness, absenteeism, worker's compensation costs, and increase productivity/morale.
- Decrease potential for regulatory fines and fire hazards/insurance costs.
Homework 6
- Homework assignment.
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Description
Test your knowledge on ISO 14001 and OSHA safety practices. This quiz covers the core elements of ISO 14001, the General Duty Clause, and key recommendations from OSHA. Assess your understanding of environmental management and workplace safety regulations.
