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Questions and Answers
Who is credited with introducing the metal movable type printing press?
Which inventor refined the steam engine, marking the beginning of the Industrial Revolution?
Who is known for inventing the light bulb?
Which inventor is associated with the invention of the telephone?
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Who demonstrated the feasibility of radio communication?
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Who invented the process of pasteurization?
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Who is considered the father of modern optics?
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Who is credited with establishing the concept of algorithms?
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Which mathematician applied quantifying and mathematics in medicine and pharmacology?
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What was a significant result of replacing Roman numerals with the decimal system and inventing algebra?
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Which event ended the massive scientific change during the Late Middle Ages?
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What decline occurred as a result of The Black Death in Europe?
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Study Notes
Renaissance Period (15th-17th Century)
- The Renaissance period marked the rebirth of preparation for 17th-century developments and achievements in science.
- Johannes Gutenberg introduced the metal movable type printing press.
- Isaac Newton made the first reflecting telescope.
- The musket was developed in Spain in the 1500s.
- Nicolaus Copernicus presented the heliocentric theory, stating that the Earth is not the center of the solar system, but the Sun.
- Galileo Galilei improved the telescope, invented the thermometer in 1593, and found support for a heliocentric solar system.
Industrial Revolution (18th Century)
- The Industrial Revolution transformed production methods from manual to machines.
- James Watt refined the steam engine, starting the revolution.
- Robert Fulton created the steamboat using one of Watt's engines.
- Thomas Edison invented the light bulb.
- George Stephenson developed the first steam-powered locomotive.
19th Century Developments
- The 19th century saw the rise of modern industry.
- Science and technology advancements were evident in communications, transportation, and electricity.
- Samuel Morse developed the telegraph and Morse Code.
- Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.
- Alexander Bain invented facsimile.
- Charles Wheatstone created the microphone.
- William Burt invented the typewriter and typographer.
- John Tyndall demonstrated the principles of fiber optics.
- Guglielmo Marconi proved the feasibility of radio communication.
- Jean Lenoir invented the internal combustion engine.
- Count Alessandro Volta invented the battery.
- William Sturgeon invented the electromagnet.
- Michael Faraday invented the dynamo.
- Charles Babbage invented the mechanical calculator.
- John Walker invented modern matches.
- Hamilton-Smith patented the rotary washing machine.
- Nikola Tesla invented the A.C. motor and transformer.
- Louis Pasteur invented the process of pasteurization.
- Alfred Nobel invented dynamite.
- Elisha Otis introduced the first safety elevator.
- Jesse Reno invented the escalator.
Contributions of Muslim Scientists
- Al-Battani improved the measurement of the Earth's axis to be precise.
- Physicist Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) is considered the father of modern optics.
- Al-Kindi applied quantifying and mathematics in medicine and pharmacology in his work "De Gradibus."
- Al-Khwarizmi gave his name to the algorithm's concept, and the term algebra derived from his written work Al-Jabr.
Middle Ages
- The Crisis of the Late Middle Ages ensued, causing a decline in population for a century.
- The Black Death of 1348 killed a third of Europe's population, leading to recurrences of the epidemic and other disasters.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the contributions of prominent Islamic scholars like Al-Battani, Ibn al-Haytham, Al-Kindi, and Al-Khwarizmi to the fields of astronomy, optics, medicine, and mathematics.
