Islam in Southeast Asia and Sunni-Shia Division

The Shia believed that Muhammad's son-in-law, Ali, was the rightful heir of the caliphate.

The Sunni outnumbered the Shia and recognized the Umayyad caliphs as rightful rulers.

The Shia and Sunni disagreed on the major principles of Islam.

The Abbasid dynasty came to power by overthrowing the Umayyads in a rebellion led by Sunni Muslims.

The Umayyads focused on improving trade and culture during their rule.

Baghdad was made the capital city by the Umayyad caliphs.

Ibn Rushd, also known as Averroës, was a Jewish scholar in Spain.

Solomon ben Gabirol wrote The Well of Life, which influenced many philosophers in Christian Europe.

Moses Maimonides had to leave Spain at a very young age because it was conquered by a Muslim group that was accepting of other cultures.

Muslim armies were the only ones who spread Islam during that time period.

Spanish Muslims made the city of Seville a center of Islam.

Islamic Spain was home to some of Islam's greatest thinkers.

The first four caliphs of Islam were not related to Muhammad.

The Arab Empire, under the Umayyads, extended its rule only within the Arabian Peninsula.

Islamic Spain was governed by the Abbasids during the period of 661 to 750.

Arab soldiers during the Umayyad era were known for their skills in horse riding and warfare.

Muslim conquerors of the Arab Empire believed they had a responsibility to spread Christianity.

The Islamic state needed a strong leader after the death of Muhammad, leading to the establishment of the caliphate.