IS 1180 Chapter 3: Cyberattacks and Cybersecurity

Questions and Answers

Why are computer incidents so prevalent?

Various reasons such as increasing complexity, expanding systems, BYOD policies, reliance on vulnerable software, and sophisticated attackers.

What can be done to implement a strong security program to prevent cyberattacks?

Develop an overall security strategy, appoint a CISO, conduct employee training, establish security standards for third parties, and perform threat assessments.

What actions must be taken in the event of a successful security intrusion?

Identify the breach, contain the threat, eradicate the cause, recover from the incident, and review and improve security measures.

What is a zero-day exploit?

An attack before the vulnerability is known and fixed Signup and view all the answers

What are some types of exploits?

Ransomware, viruses, worms, Trojan horses, blended threats, email spam, DDoS attacks, rootkits, APT, phishing, smishing, and vishing. Signup and view all the answers

Increasing complexity decreases vulnerability.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of malware that demands a ransom?

Ransomware Signup and view all the answers

What does DDoS stand for?

Distributed Denial of Service Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'Document Structure'?

Understanding the organization of information, including sections and subsections. Signup and view all the answers

What are 'Main Arguments' within a document?

Core assertions made within the document that drive its purpose. Signup and view all the answers

What types of data and examples are used in documents?

Evidence and Support. Signup and view all the answers

What do we call specific terms essential to a document’s subject matter?

Terminology. Signup and view all the answers

What are 'Central Ideas' in a document?

Overarching themes that represent the primary focus of the document. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Interconnectedness' refer to within a document?

How different ideas within the document relate to each other. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 'Implications' of ideas presented in a document?

Consequences or applications of the ideas. Signup and view all the answers

Who are the 'Authors/Contributors' of a document?

Key individuals responsible for the document's creation. Signup and view all the answers

What role do 'Influencers' play in a document?

Significant figures referenced or critiqued within the document. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Historical Figures' refer to in relation to a document?

Individuals mentioned that have impacted the subject matter historically. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Time Period' signify in a document's context?

The era during which the document was created and its relevance to contemporary events. Signup and view all the answers

What are 'Cultural Influences' in the context of a document?

Societal norms or movements that shaped the document's content. Signup and view all the answers

What are 'Preceding Works' in relation to a document?

Previous texts or works that inform or contrast with the document's ideas. Signup and view all the answers

What are the key 'Strengths' of a document?

Clarity, depth, and validity of arguments. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 'Weaknesses' of a document?

Limitations or biases that may influence its conclusions. Signup and view all the answers

How is the 'Impact and Reception' of a document evaluated?

By examining how the document has been received by audiences and its influence on the field. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Comparative Analysis' involve?

How the document compares to other works on the same topic or themes. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Learning Objectives

Understand the prevalence of computer incidents and their implications on security.
Identify strategies to implement robust security programs to thwart cyberattacks.
Determine necessary actions following a successful security breach.

Zero-Day Exploits

Occur before the security community is aware of a vulnerability.
Found in major software platforms like Acrobat Reader, Adobe Flash, iOS, Chrome, and Windows.
Knowledge of vulnerabilities is sometimes sold on the black market, leading to potential cyberattacks; e.g., an iOS vulnerability reportedly sold for $500,000.

Cybercrime Threat Landscape

Rising number and severity of cybercrimes impacting individuals, organizations, and governments.
Organizations counteract cyber threats through various measures:
- Implementing overall security strategies.
- Appointing a chief information security officer (CISO).
- Conducting employee awareness and training programs.
- Establishing security standards for third-party vendors.
- Performing threat assessments.
- Monitoring and analyzing security intelligence.

Increasing Incidents

Significant surge in computer security incidents between 2014 and 2015 across multiple sectors, including public institutions, media, telecommunications, and utilities.

Reasons for Prevalence of Computer Incidents

Growing complexity enhances vulnerabilities in systems.
Constantly evolving systems introduce fresh risks.
Widespread BYOD policies contribute to security challenges.
Heavy reliance on commercial software with known vulnerabilities.
Increasing sophistication of cybercriminals leads to more effective attacks.

Types of Cyber Exploits

Ransomware: Malware that restricts access to computers/data until demands are met.
Viruses: Malicious code disguised as legitimate software causing unintended behavior.
Worms: Harmful programs that replicate themselves in active memory.
Trojan Horses: Programs with hidden malicious code appearing harmless.
Blended Threats: Combine features of various malicious programs into one.
Email Spam: Sending unsolicited emails widely to individuals.
DDoS Attacks: Overwhelming a target website through compromised computers flooding it with requests.
Rootkits: Software allowing covert administrative access to a machine.
Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs): Prolonged attacks where intruders remain undetected to steal data over time.
Phishing: Trick users to reveal personal information via fraudulent emails; includes spear phishing targeting specific organizations.
Smishing: Phishing conducted via text messages prompting users to engage with links.
Vishing: Phishing through voicemail messages instructing victims to call a specific number or visit a website.

Key Concepts

Document structure includes organization into sections and subsections for clarity.
Main arguments are core assertions that convey the document's purpose and drive the narrative.
Evidence and support involve data types, examples, or case studies that substantiate claims made throughout the document.
Terminology consists of essential terms relevant to the document's subject, aiding in precise communication.

Main Themes

Central ideas reflect the primary focus points or arguments put forth in the document, shaping its overall message.
Interconnectedness highlights the relationships between different ideas, illustrating how they support or contrast with one another.
Implications discuss the consequences or practical applications of the document's ideas in real-world contexts.

Important Figures

Authors or contributors are key individuals who created the document and may have special backgrounds that influence its content.
Influencers are significant figures mentioned who may have been referenced or critiqued, impacting the document’s perspective.
Historical figures are individuals recognized for their contributions that have shaped the subject matter discussed in the document.

Historical Context

Time period relates to the era during which the document was produced, influencing its relevance to contemporary issues.
Cultural influences encapsulate societal norms or movements that have impacted the creation and content of the document.
Preceding works include previous texts that either inform the current document's ideas or present contrasting viewpoints.

Critical Analysis

Strengths include the document's clarity, depth, and argument validity, contributing to its effectiveness.
Weaknesses encompass any limitations or biases that may distort conclusions drawn in the document.
Impact and reception discuss the document's reception among audiences and its influence within the academic or professional field.
Comparative analysis assesses the document in relation to other similar works, evaluating similarities and differences in themes and approaches.

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Description

Dive into Chapter 3 of IS 1180 to explore the prevalence of computer incidents and their impacts. Understand effective strategies for implementing robust security programs and the necessary actions after a security breach. This quiz covers critical ethical considerations in cybersecurity.