Iron Oxidation States and Reactions
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Iron Oxidation States and Reactions

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Questions and Answers

What ions does iron lose when it forms a +3 oxidation state?

  • 1 electron from both 4s and 3d
  • 2 electrons from 4s and 1 electron from 3d (correct)
  • 2 electrons from 4s only
  • 1 electron from 4s and 2 electrons from 3d

    • What is the product of the reaction between red hot iron and chlorine?

  • FeCl2
  • FeCl3 (correct)
  • FeCl4
  • FeCl

    • Which of the following statements about iron's reaction with acids is correct?

  • Iron replaces hydrogen in dilute acids forming iron(II) salts. (correct)
  • Iron does not react with dilute acids.
  • Iron forms hydrogen gas without producing any salts.
  • Iron replaces hydrogen and forms iron(III) salts.

    • Why does iron sometimes produce iron(II) and other times iron(III) in its reactions?

    <p>The presence of different oxidizing agents in the reaction influences the products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reaction between red hot iron and steam producing?

    <p>Fe3O4 and hydrogen gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary factor in the production of steel?

    <p>Removal of residual impurities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following furnaces is NOT typically used in steel production?

    <p>Vacuum furnace</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an alloy?

    <p>A mixture of metal with non-metal or other metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements might be added to steel to enhance its properties?

    <p>Copper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of oxygen in steel production?

    <p>To remove impurities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two elements are specifically mentioned as having magnetic properties?

    <p>Scandium and Zinc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the magnetic moment of an element indicate?

    <p>The tendency degree of the element to be attracted to a magnetic field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the magnetic moment of an element determined?

    <p>By the number of unpaired electrons in the 3d level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about unpaired electrons is correct?

    <p>Unpaired electrons increase magnetic susceptibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements is least likely to have a significant magnetic moment?

    <p>Zinc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred oxidation state of iron due to its half-filled 3d state?

    <p>+3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What product is formed when iron reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid?

    <p>A mixture of ferrous and ferric sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents the further oxidation of ferrous ions to ferric ions?

    <p>Presence of reducing agents like H2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which reaction condition is FeCl3 produced?

    <p>Hot iron reacted with chlorine gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a product of the reaction between iron and concentrated sulfuric acid?

    <p>H2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to two magnetic fields that are oriented in opposite directions?

    <p>They cancel each other out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do transition metals have an increased number of oxidation states in the middle of their group?

    <p>They can lose different numbers of electrons from their d and s orbitals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is typically associated with the oxidation states of transition metals?

    <p>They can exhibit multiple oxidation states simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do d orbitals play in the oxidation states of transition metals?

    <p>They allow for the variation in oxidation states across the group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of transition metals, what is a key reason for the increased complexity of oxidation states?

    <p>The presence of additional inner d electrons creates variability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Iron's Oxidation States

    • Iron can exist in two common oxidation states: +2 (ferrous) and +3 (ferric).
    • Iron prefers the +3 state due to having a half-filled 3d orbital, which is more stable.
    • However, reaction conditions or products can prevent further oxidation to +3, resulting in the formation of ferrous compounds.

    Iron's Reactions

    • Dry Air: Red-hot iron reacts with oxygen to form iron(II,III) oxide (Fe3O4).
    • Water Vapor: Red-hot iron reacts with water vapor to produce iron(II,III) oxide (Fe3O4) and hydrogen gas.
    • Non-metals:
      • Hot iron reacts with chlorine to produce iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) – chlorine is a stronger oxidizing agent than sulfur.
      • Iron reacts with sulfur to produce iron(II) sulfide (FeS).
    • Acids:
      • Dilute Acids: Iron is more active than hydrogen, thus replacing it in dilute acids to form ferrous salts and hydrogen gas.
        • Examples:
          • Fe + H2SO4 (dil) -> FeSO4 + H2
          • Fe + 2HCl (dil) -> FeCl2 + H2
      • Concentrated Acids:
        • With concentrated sulfuric acid, iron produces a mixture of ferrous and ferric sulfates, sulfur dioxide, and water.
          • 3Fe + 8H2SO4 (conc) -> FeSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + 4SO2 + 8H2O
        • Iron does not react with concentrated nitric acid – its passivation due to the formation of a protective oxide layer.

    Why does the number of oxidation states for transition metals increase in the middle of the group?

    • Scandium (Sc) and Zinc (Zn) have only one oxidation state due to their fully-filled or empty d-orbitals, respectively.
    • Transition metals in the middle have partially filled d-orbitals, allowing for multiple oxidation states.

    Magnetic Moment

    • Represents the tendency of an element to be attracted to a magnetic field.
    • Determined by unpaired electrons in the 3d level.

    Steel Production

    • Steel production involves two key steps:
      • Removing residual impurities from iron.
      • Adding specific elements for desired properties.
    • Furnaces used for steel production:
      • Oxygen converter
      • Open-hearth furnace
      • Electric furnace

    Alloys

    • An alloy is a combination of metals (and sometimes non-metals) to achieve superior properties.

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    Related Documents

    Transition Elements Chapter 1 PDF

    Description

    Explore the oxidation states of iron, specifically +2 and +3, and their stability in various conditions. This quiz covers the reactions of iron with dry air, water vapor, non-metals, and dilute acids, providing a comprehensive understanding of its chemical behavior.

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