Iron Deficiency Anemia

NCLEX Review: Iron Deficiency Anemia

• Iron deficiency anemia is caused by low iron levels, leading to decreased red blood cells and hemoglobin, resulting in oxygen deprivation to tissues and organs.
• It is the most common type of anemia and is diagnosed through a complete blood count (CBC) and iron level tests.
• The body uses iron to produce hemoglobin, and low iron levels lead to fewer red blood cells, less hemoglobin, and reduced oxygen supply to the body.
• Signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia may initially be vague, but as it progresses, they become more noticeable, including fatigue and shortness of breath.
• Diagnosis involves CBC, iron level, and blood smear tests to examine red blood cells' appearance.
• Treatment includes dietary changes, iron-rich foods, iron supplementation, and preventive measures.
• In iron deficiency anemia, low iron levels lead to less hemoglobin and red blood cells, resulting in reduced oxygen in the body.
• Causes of iron deficiency anemia include poor intake (e.g., pregnancy, poor diet, vegetarianism), absorption problems (e.g., intestinal surgery, celiac disease), and blood loss (e.g., heavy menstruation, GI bleeding).
• Major signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia can be remembered using the mnemonic "low iron," including lethargy, overexertion, and shortness of breath due to low oxygen transport.
• Hemoglobin, a protein containing iron, plays a crucial role in transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide in red blood cells.
• Iron deficiency anemia can be caused by various factors, including poor intake, absorption problems, and blood loss.
• Signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia include lethargy, overexertion, and shortness of breath due to low oxygen levels in the body.