Ireland Osteoporosis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the estimated prevalence of osteoporosis in >50-year-olds in Ireland?

  • 100,000
  • 300,000 (correct)
  • 200,000
  • 500,000

    • How many hip fractures occur annually in Ireland?

  • More than 5,000
  • Less than 1,000
  • 2,800 (correct)
  • 500

    • What is the average hospital stay for hip fractures in Ireland?

  • 18 days (correct)
  • 10 days
  • 30 days
  • 5 days

    • What is the immediate mortality rate for hip fractures in Ireland?

    <p>12%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of hip fracture patients are unable to walk without assistance?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of hip fracture patients require long-term care?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of hip fracture patients regain independence?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated annual cost of falls and fractures in Ireland?

    <p>€400 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is peak bone mass achieved?

    <p>Late 20's</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to accelerated bone loss in women post-menopause?

    <p>Estrogen deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the excess mortality within 6-12 months of hip fracture?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors affect osteoporosis risk?

    <p>Age and gender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did WHO define osteoporosis in 1994?

    <p>A progressive, systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated prevalence of osteoporosis-related fractures in women aged 50 years?

    <p>1:2 women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which types of fractures are most common due to osteoporosis?

    <p>Spine, hip, and wrist fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the projected number of hip fractures worldwide by 2050?

    <p>6.26 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the T-score used for?

    <p>To measure BMD in post-menopausal women and men over 50</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a T-score of -2.5 indicate?

    <p>Established Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is Z-score used to measure BMD?

    <p>Pre-menopausal women, children, and men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Bisphosphonates?

    <p>Inhibit bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily intake for Vitamin D?

    <p>800 IU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the desired level of 25(OH) vitamin D?

    <p>75nmol/l</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Vitamin D?

    <p>Maintain serum calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of falls prevention program in the elderly?

    <p>As important as drug treatment in preventing fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of new fractures in the context of treatment?

    <p>Does not mean treatment failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Vitamin K on bone health?

    <p>Produces an amino acid which helps keep the calcium in bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended weight-bearing exercise duration for bone health?

    <p>Thirty minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of excessive dieting and exercise resulting in amenorrhea on bone health?

    <p>Thinning of bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the T-score measure in comparison to?

    <p>A young healthy adult</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Z-score used to compare BMD to?

    <p>The general population of the same age and gender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment to inhibit bone resorption and improve mineralization?

    <p>Bisphosphonates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered within the expected range for age in terms of Z-score?

    <p>-2.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is more important than increasing calcium intake according to the text?

    <p>Correction of 25(OH) vitamin D levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended as a minimum daily intake of vitamin D?

    <p>400 IU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the desired 25(OH) vitamin D level according to the text?

    <p>75nmol/l</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily intake of calcium according to the text?

    <p>1500 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the evidence suggesting a beneficial effect on BMD, fracture risk, and falls?

    <p>Vitamin D supplements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lifestyle and dietary factors play a role in preventing osteoporosis?

    <p>High calcium intake and consuming 'bone-sparing' foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for pre-menopausal women with low bone mass according to the text?

    <p>Treating underlying causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main lifestyle measure crucial in preventing osteoporosis?

    <p>Regular weight-bearing exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Osteoporosis in Ireland: Prevalence and Impact

    • Estimated prevalence of osteoporosis in >50-year-olds in Ireland is 300,000
    • More than 2,800 hip fractures occur annually in Ireland
    • Average hospital stay for hip fractures is 18 days, with a cost of €12,000 per patient
    • Immediate mortality rate for hip fractures is 12%
    • Excess mortality within 6-12 months of hip fracture is 20%
    • 50% of hip fracture patients are unable to walk without assistance
    • 25% of hip fracture patients require long-term care
    • Only 30% of hip fracture patients regain independence
    • The cost of falls and fractures in Ireland is estimated at €400 million annually
    • Factors affecting osteoporosis risk include peak bone mass attainment and age-related bone loss
    • Peak bone mass is achieved by late 20's with 60-70% laid down in puberty
    • Accelerated bone loss in women post-menopause due to estrogen deficiency

    Osteoporosis Diagnosis and Treatment Overview

    • BMD is expressed as T-score or Z-score, with low BMD being an independent predictor of fragility fractures.
    • The T-score measures BMD in comparison to a young healthy adult, with a decrease in T-score correlating to a higher fracture risk at the spine and hip.
    • The Z-score compares BMD to the population of the same age and gender, and a Z-score of -2.0 is considered within the expected range for age.
    • Treatment guidelines recommend bisphosphonates to inhibit bone resorption and improve mineralization, leading to an increase in spine and hip BMD during the first 3 years of treatment.
    • In the context of multimorbidity and frailty, there is no consistent evidence supporting continuing bisphosphonate treatment for another 3 years or harm from stopping after 3 years.
    • Preventing fractures in the elderly involves interventions to prevent falls, as a fragility fracture increases the risk of future fractures.
    • Lifestyle measures such as smoking cessation, avoiding excessive alcohol intake, regular weight-bearing exercise, and maintaining adequate intakes of calcium and vitamins are crucial in preventing osteoporosis.
    • Vitamin D sources include oily fish, cod liver, margarine, butter, milk, fortified cereals, eggs, and sunlight exposure, with guidelines recommending a minimum of 400 IU daily.
    • Correction of 25(OH) vitamin D levels is more important than increasing calcium intake, with desired 25(OH) vitamin D level of 75nmol/l and ideal daily doses of 1500 mg of calcium and 800 IU of vitamin D.
    • Evidence suggests that vitamin D supplements may have a beneficial effect on BMD, fracture risk, and falls.
    • Lifestyle and dietary factors, such as high calcium intake and consuming "bone-sparing" foods, play a role in preventing osteoporosis.
    • Osteoporosis also affects men, with 20% of men developing it, and lifestyle measures and treating underlying causes are essential for pre-menopausal women with low bone mass.

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    Related Documents

    2023 Osteoporosis PowerPoint CP2001 .pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge about the prevalence and impact of osteoporosis in Ireland with this quiz. Learn about the estimated prevalence, annual hip fracture rates, mortality rates, long-term care requirements, and associated healthcare costs. Understand the factors affecting osteoporosis risk, such as peak bone mass attainment and age-related bone loss.

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