Chap 8
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Questions and Answers

In what year did the dispute over the Shatt-al-Arab Waterway begin?

  • 638
  • 1520
  • 1934 (correct)
  • 1920

    • What is the primary source of Iraq's foreign exchange?

  • Agriculture
  • Tourism
  • Oil (correct)
  • Manufacturing

    • What was the historical significance of 638 C.E. in the context of the Iran/Iraq conflict?

  • The beginning of the Iran/Iraq conflict
  • The Islamic Arab military triumph over the Sassanian Empire (correct)
  • The formation of the Ottoman Empire
  • The onset of World War II

    • What is the name of the Waterway that links/separates Iran and Iraq?

    <p>Shatt-al-Arab Waterway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Shatt-al-Arab Waterway to Iraq?

    <p>It is Iraq's only viable access to the Persian/Arab Gulf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying reason for Iran's desire to control the Shatt-al-Arab Waterway?

    <p>To gain hegemony in the Persian Gulf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was martial law proclaimed in Poland?

    <p>1981</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the large, well-organized trade union that emerged in Poland in 1981?

    <p>Solidarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the reason for the dissolution of Poland's Catholic Church in 1953?

    <p>As a result of Communist regime's hostility towards religion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the 1981 upheaval in Poland?

    <p>The fall of Poland's Communist regime and the termination of the Poland/Russia interstate protracted conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was religious instruction ceased in Polish schools?

    <p>1961</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary technique used in the Poland/Russia interstate protracted conflict?

    <p>Military Aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the peace treaties between Finland and Russia-USSR?

    <p>They did not achieve lasting peace and conflict resolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the title of the treaty signed in April 1948 between Finland and the USSR?

    <p>Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was unique about the commitment of the alliance between Finland and the USSR?

    <p>It required the approval of both signatories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the Finland/Russia-USSR conflict and relationship?

    <p>It involved a de facto alliance between the principal adversaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the Paris Peace Treaty signed?

    <p>1947</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a difference between the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance and other FCMA treaties?

    <p>The USSR determined when the commitments of the alliance took effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Poland's Catholic Church was dissolved in 1961.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The creation of Solidarity led to the fall of Poland's Communist regime.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Poland/Russia interstate protracted conflict was resolved through verbal hostility.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Martial law was proclaimed in Poland in 1976.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 1981 upheaval in Poland led to the intensification of the Poland/Russia interstate protracted conflict.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Warsaw Pact forces concentrated on Poland's borders in response to the growth of Solidarity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Shatt-al-Arab Waterway is the only viable access to the Mediterranean Sea for Iraq.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Iran/Iraq conflict began in 1296 C.E.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Iraq gained formal statehood in 1920.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Shatt-al-Arab Waterway links/separates Iran and Saudi Arabia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The dispute over the Shatt-al-Arab Waterway began in the sixteenth century.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Iran's national security is dependent on its access to the Mediterranean Sea.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between Finland and the USSR was signed in April 1947.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The peace treaties between Finland and Russia-USSR led to lasting peace and conflict resolution.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Finland/Russia-USSR conflict and relationship was characterized by a formal alliance.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Paris Peace Treaty was signed in 1948.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The USSR had sole authority to activate FCMA commitments for all signatories.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance was only between Finland and the USSR.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was unique about the Finland/Russia-USSR peace treaties, despite achieving temporary peace?

    <p>lasting peace and conflict resolution were not achieved by any of their peace agreements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the title of the treaty signed in April 1948 between Finland and the USSR?

    <p>Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance (FCMA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key difference between the FCMA treaty between Finland and the USSR and other FCMA treaties?

    <p>The activation of all FCMA commitments by Finland and the USSR required the approval of both signatories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of the 1947 Paris Peace Treaty between Finland and Russia-USSR?

    <p>It did not constitute conflict resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the nature of the alliance between Finland and the USSR, established in 1948?

    <p>A de facto alliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary technique used in the management of the Finland/Russia-USSR conflict?

    <p>Peace treaties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the waterway that has been a source of territorial dispute between Iran and Iraq since the 16th century?

    <p>Shatt-al-Arab Waterway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the historical significance of 638 C.E. in the context of the Iran/Iraq conflict?

    <p>It marks the Islamic Arab military triumph over the Sassanian (Neo-Persian) Empire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three basic causes of the Iran/Iraq conflict?

    <p>Territory, identity-religious and ethnic, and ideology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did Iraq gain formal statehood?

    <p>1932</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Shatt-al-Arab Waterway to Iran?

    <p>It is key to Iran's strategy for achieving hegemony in the Persian Gulf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did the dispute over the Shatt-al-Arab Waterway begin?

    <p>1934</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the response of the Polish government to the growth of Solidarity in 1981?

    <p>The proclamation of martial law in Poland in December 1981.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the 1981 upheaval in Poland?

    <p>The fall of Poland's Communist regime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Solidarity in Poland's history?

    <p>It was a large, well-organized trade union that became the focus of strident opposition to Poland's Communist regime and its dominating patron, the Soviet Union.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the impact of frequent detentions of Poles critical of the Communist regime on Poland-Russia relations?

    <p>It reinforced the animosity between Poland and Russia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the year 1961 in Poland's history?

    <p>Religious instruction was ceased in Polish schools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of verbal hostility in the Poland-Russia interstate protracted conflict?

    <p>It was a secondary conflict-sustaining technique.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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