IPv6 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the breakdown of a global unicast IPv6 address?

First 3 bits 001, 45 bits for global routing prefix, 16 bits for subnet ID, last 64 bits for Interface ID.

What is a unique local unicast address?

An address used to identify a specific site within a large organization, working on multiple links within the same organization.

How long is an IPv6 address?

128 bits.

How is each 16 bit group of an IPv6 address written?

As 4 hexadecimal digits. Signup and view all the answers

How can an IPv6 address be shortened?

By removing leading zeroes and replacing consecutive sections of zeroes with colons (::). Signup and view all the answers

What is the IPv6 loopback address?

0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 or ::1. Signup and view all the answers

What is an IPv6 link-local address derived from?

The MAC address of the interface and the FE80::/10 prefix. Signup and view all the answers

What protocol does IPv6 use instead of ARP?

Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP). Signup and view all the answers

What happens after a link local address is generated?

The host sends out a neighbor solicitation message to verify if the address is unused. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'manage bit' indicate?

Indicates whether or not the host should use DHCP to obtain additional addresses. Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'other bit' indicate?

Indicates whether or not the host should use DHCP to obtain other information. Signup and view all the answers

How big is the IPv6 address pool?

340 trillion trillion trillion or 3.4x10^38. Signup and view all the answers

Match the binary values to their hexadecimal equivalents:

Binary 0000 = Hex 0 Binary 0001 = Hex 1 Binary 0010 = Hex 2 Binary 0011 = Hex 3 Binary 0100 = Hex 4 Binary 0101 = Hex 5 Binary 0110 = Hex 6 Binary 0111 = Hex 7 Binary 1000 = Hex 8 Binary 1001 = Hex 9 Binary 1010 = Hex A Binary 1011 = Hex B Binary 1100 = Hex C Binary 1101 = Hex D Binary 1110 = Hex E Binary 1111 = Hex F Signup and view all the answers

What are the first 64 bits of an IPv6 address called?

Network address bits, also called the prefix (or subnet). Signup and view all the answers

What are the last 64 bits of an IPv6 address called?

Host address bits. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are IPv6 address types? (Select all that apply)

Multicast Signup and view all the answers

What does an IPv6 unicast address identify?

A single interface. Signup and view all the answers

What does an IPv6 anycast address identify?

Groups of interfaces, with packets sent to the nearest interface in the group. Signup and view all the answers

What does an IPv6 multicast address identify?

Groups of interfaces, with packets delivered to all interfaces in the group. Signup and view all the answers

What is the IANA global unicast address range?

2000::/3. Signup and view all the answers

What does MEUI-64 stand for?

Modified Extended Unique Identifier-64. Signup and view all the answers

/64 prefixes are the ________ common subnet you will use in IPv6.

smallest Signup and view all the answers

What is the multicast prefix in IPv6?

ff00::/8. Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the multicast address breakdown?

First 8 indicator bits (FF), 4 scope bits, and last 32 bits refers to a multicast group. Signup and view all the answers

What is the unspecified address type in IPv6?

::/128. Signup and view all the answers

What is the IPv4 mapped address type in IPv6?

::ffff:0:0/96. Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique local unicast address type in IPv6?

fc00::/7. Signup and view all the answers

What is the link local address type in IPv6?

ff80::/10. Signup and view all the answers

How many bytes is the IPv6 header?

40 bytes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the version field in the IPv6 header?

This field is 4 bits and contains the version number of the IP packet. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the traffic class field in the IPv6 header?

This 8 bit field is used to mark packets for differentiated service. Signup and view all the answers

What is the flow label field used for in the IPv6 header?

Intended to label sequences of packets that require special handling. Signup and view all the answers

What does the payload length field in the IPv6 header specify?

8 bits long and specifies the length of everything in the packet that follows this header. Signup and view all the answers

What does the next header field identify in the IPv6 header?

8 bit selector which identifies the type of header that immediately follows this header. Signup and view all the answers

What is the hop limit in the IPv6 header?

An 8 bit integer decremented by 1 each time the packet is forwarded. Signup and view all the answers

Match the IPv6 extension headers with their purposes:

Hop-by-Hop Options = Used for options applicable to every node in the path. Destination Options = Used for options that apply only to the destination. Routing = Specifies the route to be taken by the packet. Fragment = Used for fragmentation of packets. Authentication = Ensures the integrity and authenticity of the data. Encapsulating Security Payload = Provides confidentiality and integrity of the payload. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Neighbor Discovery Process?

A process that uses ICMP messages to determine the link layer address of a neighbor on the same network. Signup and view all the answers

What is Router Discovery in IPv6?

Hosts send router solicitation messages to the multicast address, and an available router responds with a router advertisement. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Neighbor Discovery in IPv6?

IPv6 hosts communicate their link layer addresses using neighbor solicitation and neighbor advertisement messages. Signup and view all the answers

What is Neighbor Unreachability Detection?

Accomplished by listening for ACKs and if no ACK is received, a neighbor solicitation is sent to confirm the next-hop. Signup and view all the answers

What are redirects used for in IPv6?

Used by routers to inform hosts of a better path to a destination. Signup and view all the answers

What does SLAAC stand for?

Stateless Address Auto Configuration. Signup and view all the answers

What are the phases of SLAAC?

Phase 1: Link local address (Neighbor solicitation process); Phase 2: Global address (Router solicitation process). Signup and view all the answers

What is the all-routers multicast address in IPv6?

FF02::/2. Signup and view all the answers

What is the all-devices multicast address in IPv6?

FF02::/1. Signup and view all the answers

What is the OSPF-routers multicast address in IPv6?

FF02::/5. Signup and view all the answers

What is the EIGRP-routers multicast address in IPv6?

FF02::/A. Signup and view all the answers

What is the RIPv2-routers multicast address in IPv6?

FF02::/9. Signup and view all the answers

What is the EUI-64 format?

Take the interface's 48 bit MAC address and add FFFE directly in the middle, and invert the 7th bit. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Global Unicast IPv6 Address Breakdown

Begins with the first 3 bits as 001
Comprises 45 bits for global routing prefix
Contains 16 bits allocated for subnet ID
Ends with 64 bits designated for Interface ID

Unique Local Unicast Address

Used within large organizations for identifying specific sites
Functions across multiple links yet confined to internal networks
A hybrid of global unicast address (Internet usable) and link-local unicast address

IPv6 Address Structure

Length of an IPv6 address is 128 bits, represented as 8 groups of 16 bits (e.g., 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0)
Each 16-bit group is denoted by 4 hexadecimal digits

Address Shortening

Leading zeros can be omitted
Consecutive sections of zeros may be replaced with a double colon (::), allowed only once

IPv6 Address Types

Loopback address is 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 or shorthand ::1
Link-local addresses are derived from the interface's MAC address with the prefix FE80::/10
Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) replaces ARP for address resolution in IPv6

Address Generation Process

After generating a link-local address, a neighbor solicitation message is broadcasted to check for conflicts
If available, an ICMPv6 router solicitation message is sent to find IPv6-enabled routers

Host Configuration Bits

The "manage bit" specifies whether to utilize DHCP for address acquisition
The "other bit" indicates if DHCP should be used for obtaining additional information

IPv6 Address Pool

The IPv6 address space is exceptionally vast, totaling approximately 340 trillion trillion trillion (3.4 x 10^38) unique addresses

Conversion Between Binary and Hexadecimal

IPv6 addresses utilize binary representations which can convert directly to hexadecimal format

Address Structure

The first 64 bits denote the network address or prefix
The last 64 bits represent the host-specific address

IPv6 Address Types Defined

Unicast addresses target a single interface
Anycast addresses specify a group of interfaces, routing packets to the nearest
Multicast addresses also identify groups but deliver packets to all interfaces within the group

Reserved Address Ranges

Global unicast addresses stem from 2000::/3
Multicast addresses are prefixed by ff00::/8
IPv4-mapped addresses look like ::ffff:0:0/96 for embedding IPv4 addresses

IPv6 Header Characteristics

The header is 40 bytes long and contains several fields such as:
- Version: 4 bits for IP version
- Traffic Class: 8 bits for packet differentiation
- Flow Label: 20 bits for labeling packets needing special handling
- Payload Length: 8 bits specifying subsequent packet content length
- Next Header: 8 bits for the header type following the main header
- Hop Limit: 8-bit value decremented per forwarding

ICMPv6 and Neighbor Discovery

Neighbor Discovery employs ICMP messages for recognizing link layer addresses
Router Discovery involves solicitation messages to identify available routers which respond with advertisements

Special Multicast Addresses

Specific multicast addresses like FF02::/2 for all routers, and FF02::/1 for all devices highlight their distinct roles in network communication.
Other protocols each have dedicated multicast ranges, like OSPF, EIGRP, and RIPv2.

EUI-64 Format

EUI-64 modification involves inserting FFFE in the middle of a 48-bit MAC address and flipping the 7th bit for proper address assignment.

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Description

Test your knowledge of IPv6 with these flashcards. Each card covers essential terms and definitions, including global unicast addresses and unique local unicast addresses. Ideal for quick learning and revision.