Questions and Answers
What is the breakdown of a global unicast IPv6 address?
First 3 bits 001, 45 bits for global routing prefix, 16 bits for subnet ID, last 64 bits for Interface ID.
What is a unique local unicast address?
An address used to identify a specific site within a large organization, working on multiple links within the same organization.
How long is an IPv6 address?
128 bits.
How is each 16 bit group of an IPv6 address written?
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How can an IPv6 address be shortened?
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What is the IPv6 loopback address?
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What is an IPv6 link-local address derived from?
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What protocol does IPv6 use instead of ARP?
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What happens after a link local address is generated?
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What does the 'manage bit' indicate?
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What does the 'other bit' indicate?
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How big is the IPv6 address pool?
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Match the binary values to their hexadecimal equivalents:
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What are the first 64 bits of an IPv6 address called?
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What are the last 64 bits of an IPv6 address called?
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Which of the following are IPv6 address types? (Select all that apply)
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What does an IPv6 unicast address identify?
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What does an IPv6 anycast address identify?
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What does an IPv6 multicast address identify?
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What is the IANA global unicast address range?
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What does MEUI-64 stand for?
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/64 prefixes are the ________ common subnet you will use in IPv6.
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What is the multicast prefix in IPv6?
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What is included in the multicast address breakdown?
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What is the unspecified address type in IPv6?
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What is the IPv4 mapped address type in IPv6?
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What is the unique local unicast address type in IPv6?
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What is the link local address type in IPv6?
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How many bytes is the IPv6 header?
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What is the function of the version field in the IPv6 header?
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What is the purpose of the traffic class field in the IPv6 header?
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What is the flow label field used for in the IPv6 header?
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What does the payload length field in the IPv6 header specify?
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What does the next header field identify in the IPv6 header?
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What is the hop limit in the IPv6 header?
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Match the IPv6 extension headers with their purposes:
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What is the Neighbor Discovery Process?
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What is Router Discovery in IPv6?
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What is the purpose of Neighbor Discovery in IPv6?
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What is Neighbor Unreachability Detection?
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What are redirects used for in IPv6?
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What does SLAAC stand for?
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What are the phases of SLAAC?
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What is the all-routers multicast address in IPv6?
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What is the all-devices multicast address in IPv6?
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What is the OSPF-routers multicast address in IPv6?
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What is the EIGRP-routers multicast address in IPv6?
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What is the RIPv2-routers multicast address in IPv6?
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What is the EUI-64 format?
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Study Notes
Global Unicast IPv6 Address Breakdown
- Begins with the first 3 bits as
001
- Comprises 45 bits for global routing prefix
- Contains 16 bits allocated for subnet ID
- Ends with 64 bits designated for Interface ID
Unique Local Unicast Address
- Used within large organizations for identifying specific sites
- Functions across multiple links yet confined to internal networks
- A hybrid of global unicast address (Internet usable) and link-local unicast address
IPv6 Address Structure
- Length of an IPv6 address is 128 bits, represented as 8 groups of 16 bits (e.g.,
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0
) - Each 16-bit group is denoted by 4 hexadecimal digits
Address Shortening
- Leading zeros can be omitted
- Consecutive sections of zeros may be replaced with a double colon
(::)
, allowed only once
IPv6 Address Types
- Loopback address is
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
or shorthand::1
- Link-local addresses are derived from the interface's MAC address with the prefix
FE80::/10
- Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP) replaces ARP for address resolution in IPv6
Address Generation Process
- After generating a link-local address, a neighbor solicitation message is broadcasted to check for conflicts
- If available, an ICMPv6 router solicitation message is sent to find IPv6-enabled routers
Host Configuration Bits
- The "manage bit" specifies whether to utilize DHCP for address acquisition
- The "other bit" indicates if DHCP should be used for obtaining additional information
IPv6 Address Pool
- The IPv6 address space is exceptionally vast, totaling approximately
340 trillion trillion trillion
(3.4 x 10^38) unique addresses
Conversion Between Binary and Hexadecimal
- IPv6 addresses utilize binary representations which can convert directly to hexadecimal format
Address Structure
- The first 64 bits denote the network address or prefix
- The last 64 bits represent the host-specific address
IPv6 Address Types Defined
- Unicast addresses target a single interface
- Anycast addresses specify a group of interfaces, routing packets to the nearest
- Multicast addresses also identify groups but deliver packets to all interfaces within the group
Reserved Address Ranges
- Global unicast addresses stem from
2000::/3
- Multicast addresses are prefixed by
ff00::/8
- IPv4-mapped addresses look like
::ffff:0:0/96
for embedding IPv4 addresses
IPv6 Header Characteristics
- The header is 40 bytes long and contains several fields such as:
- Version: 4 bits for IP version
- Traffic Class: 8 bits for packet differentiation
- Flow Label: 20 bits for labeling packets needing special handling
- Payload Length: 8 bits specifying subsequent packet content length
- Next Header: 8 bits for the header type following the main header
- Hop Limit: 8-bit value decremented per forwarding
ICMPv6 and Neighbor Discovery
- Neighbor Discovery employs ICMP messages for recognizing link layer addresses
- Router Discovery involves solicitation messages to identify available routers which respond with advertisements
Special Multicast Addresses
- Specific multicast addresses like
FF02::/2
for all routers, andFF02::/1
for all devices highlight their distinct roles in network communication. - Other protocols each have dedicated multicast ranges, like OSPF, EIGRP, and RIPv2.
EUI-64 Format
- EUI-64 modification involves inserting
FFFE
in the middle of a 48-bit MAC address and flipping the 7th bit for proper address assignment.
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Test your knowledge of IPv6 with these flashcards. Each card covers essential terms and definitions, including global unicast addresses and unique local unicast addresses. Ideal for quick learning and revision.