Questions and Answers
What is the length of an IPv6 address?
128 bits
Which notation is used to divide an IPv6 address into eight segments?
Colons
In IPv6, how are leading 0s in each 16-bit segment treated?
Can be omitted
If all bits in a 16-bit segment of an IPv6 address are 0s, what rule must be followed?
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What notation is used to represent consecutive 16-bit segments with only 0s in an IPv6 address?
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Which type of IPv6 address is used to send data packets from one source to a single destination?
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What does an IPv6 address with two double colons (::) signify?
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Which type of IPv6 address is used as the source address of some packets?
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What is the purpose of a loopback address in IPv6?
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What happens when a packet is sent to an anycast address in IPv6?
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What is the characteristic of a packet destined for a unicast address in IPv6?
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According to IPv6 specifications, why doesn't IPv6 define any broadcast address?
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What is the purpose of the IPv4 address range 127.0.0.0 – 127.255.255.255?
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Which IPv4 range is assigned for private use in Internet space?
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Which IPv4 address is utilized when a DHCP server is not present for configuration?
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What is the default subnet mask for Class A IPv4 addresses?
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In IPv4 addressing, what does the network mask represent?
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Which range of IPv4 addresses is reserved for Link-Local Addresses?
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Study Notes
IPv6 Addresses
- An abbreviated IPv6 address cannot be restored to its original form if it contains two double colons (::)
- IPv6 address classification:
- Unicast address: identifies an interface, packet sent to the interface having that unicast address
- Unspecified address: 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0/128, or ::/128, used as the source address of some packets
- Loopback address: 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1/128, or ::1/128, used for local loopback
- Multicast address: identifies multiple interfaces, packet sent to all interfaces joining the corresponding multicast group
- Anycast address: identifies a group of network interfaces (usually on different nodes), packet routed to the nearest interface having that address
IPv4 Addresses
- Private-use of Internet Space: 10.0.0.0 – 10.254.254.254, 172.16.0.0 – 172.16.254.254, 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.254.254
- Link-Local Addresses: 169.254.0.0 – 169.254.254.254, used for testing and debugging
- Subnet mask: determines which portion of an IP address identifies the network and which portion identifies the host
- Class A, B, C default masks:
- Class A: 255.0.0.0 (/8)
- Class B: 255.255.0.0 (/16)
- Class C: 255.255.255.0 (/24)
IPv4 and IPv6 History
- IPv4 exhaustion: IANA announced the allocation of its last 4.68 million IPv4 addresses to five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) around the world on February 3, 2011
- IPv6: became a Draft Standard for the IETF in December 1998, ratified as an Internet Standard on July 14, 2017
- IPv6 address length: 128 bits, divided into eight segments, each containing 16 bits expressed in hexadecimal notation
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