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Questions and Answers

What is the general term for a bony prominence on a bony surface?

Process

What is a specific type of prominence located on a bony surface, often involved in joints?

Condyle

What is a rounded surface projecting from a bony surface by a neck?

Head

What is a large, often rough prominence on a bony surface?

<p>Tuberosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a prominence shaped on a bony surface like a bridge with a bowl-like outline?

<p>Arch</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a small, hornlike prominence on a bony surface?

<p>Cornu</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a small rounded elevation on a bony surface?

<p>Tubercle or Eminence</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a prominent, often roughened border or ridge on a bony surface?

<p>Crest</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a straight, small ridge on a bony surface?

<p>Line</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an abrupt small prominence on a bony surface that may be blunt or sharply pointed?

<p>Spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an indentation at the edge of a bone?

<p>Incisura or Notch</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a shallow depression or groove that usually marks the course of blood vessels or nerves?

<p>Sulcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a generally deeper depression(s) or concavity on a bony surface?

<p>Fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a flat bony structure of a bone?

<p>Plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a short, window-like opening(s) in a bone?

<p>Foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a longer, narrow tubelike opening in a bone?

<p>Canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of canal in a bone?

<p>Meatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a narrow cleftlike opening in a bone?

<p>Fissure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a smaller opening(s), especially as an entrance into a hollow organ or canal in a bone?

<p>Ostium</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a narrow opening in a bone?

<p>Aperture</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an area of the skeleton where bones are joined to each other?

<p>Articulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a site of junction or union between two or more bones?

<p>Joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the union of bones joined by fibrous tissue that appears on the dry skull as a jagged line?

<p>Suture</p> Signup and view all the answers

The suture extending across the skull between the frontal bone and each parietal bone is the coronal suture.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The single suture extending from the anterior to the posterior of the skull at the midline between the parietal bones is the sagittal suture.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The single suture located between the occipital bone and the parietal bone is the lambdoidal suture.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All skull bones are immovable, except the mandible with its temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the cranial bones noted from the superior view of the external skull?

<p>parietal (A), temporal (B), frontal (C), occipital (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the facial bones visible from an anterior view of the skull?

<p>inferior nasal concha (B), nasal (C), vomer (D), zygomatic (E), lacrimal (F), maxilla (G), mandible (H)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the cranial bones noted from the lateral view?

<p>sphenoid (A), occipital (B), ethmoid (C), parietal (D), frontal (E), temporal (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the bones contributing to the temporal fossa?

<p>zygomatic (A), sphenoid (B), parietal (C), temporal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the bones that form the hard palate?

<p>maxilla (A), palatine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the bones that form the zygomatic arch?

<p>temporal (B), zygomatic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the bones seen from the inferior view of the skull?

<p>occipital (B), sphenoid (C), maxilla (D), temporal (E), vomer (F), palatine (G), zygomatic (H)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the bones seen from the superior view of the internal skull?

<p>frontal (A), occipital (B), sphenoid (C), ethmoid (D), temporal (E), parietal (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The foramen ovale is located in which bone?

<p>sphenoid (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The foramen rotundum is located in which bone?

<p>sphenoid (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The superior orbital fissure is located in which bone?

<p>sphenoid (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mandibular foramen is located in which bone?

<p>mandible (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mental foramen is located in which bone?

<p>mandible (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The incisive foramen is located in which bone?

<p>maxilla (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The infraorbital foramen is located in which bone?

<p>maxilla (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The posterior superior alveolar foramen is located in which bone?

<p>maxilla (H)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bone Prominences

Bony projections serving as attachment points for muscles, tendons, and ligaments.

Foramen (Foramina)

Openings in bones allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass through.

Skull Bones

Bones forming the head, divided into cranial and facial bones.

Process

A general term for any bony prominence.

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Alveolar Process

The bony ridge where teeth are embedded.

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Condyle

A rounded prominence usually involved in joints.

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Occipital Condyles

Condyles on the occipital bone involved in the articulation with the vertebral column.

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Head (of a bone)

A rounded bony projection from a narrow neck.

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Tuberosity

A large, rough prominence on a bony surface.

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Maxillary Tuberosity

A large, rough prominence near the back of the upper jaw.

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Arch

A bony prominence shaped like a bridge.

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Zygomatic Arch

The arch formed by the zygomatic and temporal bones.

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Cornu

A small, horn-like projection on a bone.

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Tubercle/Eminence

A small, rounded elevation on a bone.

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Crest

A prominent ridge or border on a bone.

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Line

A small ridge on a bony surface.

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Spine

A sharp projection on a bone.

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Incisura/Notch

An indentation at the edge of a bone.

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Sulcus/Sulci

A shallow groove or depression in a bone, usually for blood vessels or nerves.

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Fossa/Fossae

A deeper depression or concavity on a bone.

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Plate

A flat bony structure.

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Foramen

Small openings in bones for blood vessels and nerves

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Canal

A tube-like opening in a bone

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Meatus

Canal-like structure in a bone

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Fissure

A narrow slit-like opening in a bone

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Ostium

Small opening, especially into a hollow organ or canal

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Aperture

A narrow opening in a bone

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Articulation

Where two bones meet.

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Joint

Area where two bones connect, allowing movement.

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Suture

Immovable joint in the skull, often with jagged edges.

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Study Notes

Skeletal System: Part 1 Overview and Skull Bones

  • The skeletal system comprises the bones, providing support, protection, and facilitating movement.
  • Bony prominences and depressions on the bone surface serve as attachment points for muscles, tendons, and ligaments.
  • Openings in the bone (foramina) allow passage of nerves and blood vessels.
  • A flat bony structure is a plate.
  • Bones articulate or join together at sutures.

Bone Features

  • Bony prominences and depressions are landmarks for muscle, tendon and ligament attachment.
  • Openings in bones, called foramina (plural: foramina), allow nerves and blood vessels to pass through.
  • A flat bony structure is called a plate.
  • Bones articulate or join together at sutures and/or articulations.
  • In dental practice, the bone anatomy of the head and neck is crucial for identifying and managing any bony abnormalities.

Skull Bones

  • Cranial bones form the skull's protective cavity for the brain.
  • Facial bones form the face.
  • The skull has 22 bones (excluding six auditory ossicles in the middle ear).
  • Some skull bones are single, while others are paired.

Cranial Bones and Facial Bones

Cranial Bones Number Facial Bones Number
Ethmoid bone Single Inferior nasal conchae Paired
Frontal bone Single Lacrimal bones Paired
Occipital bone Single Mandible Single
Parietal bones Paired Maxillae Paired
Sphenoid bone Single Vomer Single
Temporal bones Paired Zygomatic bones Paired
  • The palatine bones are paired bones of the skull but not strictly considered facial bones.

Bony Prominences: Process

  • A prominence on a bony surface is a process.
  • The alveolar process of the mandible is an example.

Condyle

  • A condyle is an oval prominence on a bony surface, commonly involved in joints.
  • Examples: occipital condyles.
  • A rounded projection on a bony surface with a neck is a head.
  • The articulating surface of the condyle is an example.

Tuberosity

  • A large, often rough prominence on a bony surface is a tuberosity.
  • The maxillary tuberosity is an example.

Arch

  • An arch is a prominent, bow-like structure on a bony surface.
  • The zygomatic arch is an example.

Cornu

  • A cornu is a small, horn-like projection on a bone.
  • The greater and lesser cornua of the hyoid bone are examples.

Tubercle/Eminence

  • A tubercle or eminence is a small, rounded projection on a bone.
  • Genial tubercles of the mandible and frontal eminence are examples.

Crest

  • A crest is a prominent, often roughened border or ridge on a bony surface.
  • The infratemporal crest is an example.

Line

  • A line is a straight, small ridge on a bony surface.
  • Superior and inferior temporal lines are examples.

Spine

  • A spine is a pointed projection on a bony surface.
  • The spine of the sphenoid bone is an example.

Bony Depressions: Incisura/Notch

  • An incisura or notch is an indentation on the edge of a bone.
  • The coronoid notch is an example of an incisura.

Sulcus/Sulci

  • A sulcus (plural, sulci) is a shallow depression or groove that marks the course of blood vessels or nerves.
  • The infraorbital sulcus is an example.

Fossa/Fossae

  • A fossa (plural, fossae) is a generally deeper depression or concavity.
  • The temporal fossa is an example.

Plate

  • An area on a bony surface that is neither a prominence nor a depression is a plate.
  • The cribriform plate is an example.

Bone Openings: Foramen/Foramina

  • A foramen (plural, foramina) is a short, window-like opening in a bone.
  • The mental foramen is an example.

Canal

  • A canal is a long, narrow tube-like opening in a bone.
  • The hypoglossal canal is an example.

Meatus

  • A meatus is a type of canal in a bone.
  • The internal acoustic meatus is an example.

Fissure

  • A fissure is a narrow cleft-like opening in a bone.
  • Superior and inferior orbital fissures are examples.

Ostium/Ostia

  • An ostium (plural, ostia) is a small opening, especially into a hollow organ or canal within a bone.
  • Ostia of the maxillary sinus are examples.

Aperture

  • An aperture is a narrow opening in a bone.
  • The piriform aperture of the nasal cavity is an example.

Articulation

  • An articulation is an area where bones join together.
  • The articulation at the sagittal suture between the parietal bones is an example.

Joint

  • A joint is a site where two or more bones connect.
  • The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an example.

Suture

  • A suture is the union of bones joined by fibrous tissue.
  • Coronal, sagittal, and lambdoidal sutures are examples.

Skull Bones: Growth

  • Skull growth continues during early childhood.
  • Growth occurs at sutures between bones and bony surfaces.
  • Growth in the lower face occurs at the mandible's bony surfaces and the head of the condyle.

Infant's Skull

  • Fontanelles are soft spots in an infant's skull.

Skull Bones: Articulation

  • All skull bones are immoveable except the mandible with its TMJ
  • Many skull bones articulate by sutures
  • The skull has a movable articulation with the cervical vertebrae.

Skull Sutures and Articulations

  • A table of cranial sutures and articulations.

Skull Bony Openings and Contents

  • A table listing the location, and contents of the openings in the skull.

Most Important Openings

  • A summary of very important openings along with their location, and contents for students to know.

Skull Processes

  • A table of skull processes and their associated structures.

Superior View of External Skull: Cranial Bones

  • Four cranial bones, frontal, parietal, and occipital are noted in a superior view of the skull.

Cranial Bones From Superior View

  • Frontal, parietal and occipital bones.

Skull Sutures From Superior View

  • Coronal suture(s), sagittal suture, and lambdoidal suture.

Skull Sutures From Lateral View

  • Coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, and squamosal sutures are noted.

Skull Lines From Lateral View

  • Superior and inferior temporal lines

Skull Fossae From Lateral View

  • Temporal fossa.
  • Infratemporal fossa, pterygopalatine fossa

Zygomatic Arch and TMJ From Lateral View

  • Zygomatic arch
  • Temporozygomatic suture
  • Masseter muscle

Inferior View of External Skull

  • Zygomatic, vomer, temporal, sphenoid, occipital and palatine bones are noted as well as maxillae.

Hard Palate From Inferior View

  • The hard palate forms from palatine processes of the maxillae and horizontal plates of the palatine bones.
  • This articulates at the transverse and median palatine sutures.

Middle Part of Skull From Inferior View

  • The medial and lateral pterygoid plates.
  • The pterygoid fossa
  • The hamulus

External Skull Foramina From Inferior View

  • The inferior surface of the skull has many foramina (openings).
  • These foramina provide pathways for arteries and veins supplying the brain and facial tissue.

External Skull Foramina From Inferior View (Additional Details)

  • Foramina including structures located on the inferior surface of the skull, such as the foramen lacerum, styloid process, stylomastoid foramen, jugular foramen and foramen magnum

External Skull From Inferior View (Additional Details)

  • Details on the bony features and foramina (openings) of the external aspect of the skull from an inferior perspective.

Superior View of Internal Skull

  • The internal surface of the skull's cranial bones, including frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, temporal, occipital, and parietal, are visible in the superior view.

Internal Skull Foramina From Superior View

  • Internal skull foramina (openings) and related cranial nerves (identified also).

Orbit and Associated Structures From Anterior View

  • The bony structures forming the orbit, and its associated features.

Orbit

  • Certain skull bones form the walls and apex of the orbits for protection of the eyeballs.

Nasal Cavity and Associated Structures From Anterior View

  • The nasal cavity or nasal fossa: its lateral walls and floor, posterior openings, and composition.

Nasal Cavity and Associated Structures From View (Additional Details)

  • Further details about the bridge of the nose, formed by the paired nasal bones.
  • The nasion, a central landmark at the intersection of the frontal and nasal bones.
  • The piriform aperture, the anterior opening of the nasal cavity which is large and triangular.
  • Posterior nasal apertures or choanae.
  • Lateral walls of nasal cavity formed by maxillae, with turbinates or conchae.
  • The nasal septum, which forms a vertical partition dividing the nasal cavity into two parts.

Lateral View of External Skull

  • Division of skull into facial and cranial bones
  • An imaginary diagonal line reinforces the division.

Cranial Bones From Lateral View

  • Occipital, frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid and ethmoid bones.

Skull Sutures From Lateral View

  • Coronal, sagittal, lambdoidal and squamosal sutures.

Skull Lines from Lateral View

  • Superior temporal line, and inferior temporal line.

Skull Fossae From Lateral View

  • Temporal fossa.
  • Infratemporal fossa, and pterygopalatine fossa

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