11.3.4 IP Version 6

Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for the development of IPv6?

To maintain compatibility with IPv4 addresses.

To simplify the addressing format of IPv4.

To increase the number of available IP addresses to accommodate more devices. (correct)

To ensure better security for connected devices.

How many bits does an IPv6 address use?

32 bits

64 bits

256 bits

128 bits (correct)

What is the total number of addresses approximately available with IPv6?

$2^{128}$ (correct)

$2^{256}$

$2^{64}$

$2^{32}$

In the structure of IPv6 addresses, which part functions similarly to the network ID in IPv4?

Prefix Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of simplifying an IPv6 address involve?

Replacing a single block of zeros with a double colon. Signup and view all the answers

Which element makes up the right side of an IPv6 address?

Interface ID Signup and view all the answers

How is an IPv6 address visually structured?

Separated into eight 16-bit blocks, comprised of hexadecimal numbers. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of IPv4 addressing?

It supports a larger number of devices compared to IPv6. Signup and view all the answers

What does the first 48 bits of an IPv6 address define?

Site prefix Signup and view all the answers

Which prefix is used for link-local addresses in IPv6?

FE80::/10 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the unique local address in IPv6?

To be used solely on internal private networks Signup and view all the answers

How is the interface ID generated from a MAC address?

By inserting 'FFFE' between the bits after flipping the seventh bit Signup and view all the answers

What type of address is used to forward packets to multiple interfaces in IPv6?

Multicast address Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes anycast addresses from unicast addresses?

Assigned to multiple devices while routing to the nearest one Signup and view all the answers

What is the common prefix for global unicast addresses in IPv6?

2000::/3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the loopback address in IPv6?

To facilitate internal communication for testing purposes Signup and view all the answers

Which address type would include addresses beginning with 'FC' or 'FD'?

Unique local address Signup and view all the answers

What does the Global ID in unique local addresses provide?

A random value for uniqueness across the Internet Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of IPv6

The increasing number of connected devices necessitates unique IP addresses for internet connectivity.
IPv4, using 32-bit addresses, has a limited capacity of approximately 4.3 billion combinations, leading to address exhaustion.
An effort to develop a new addressing standard, IPv6, began in the mid-1990s.

IPv6 Address Format

IPv6 addresses consist of 128-bits divided into eight 16-bit blocks, represented by four hexadecimal digits.
Each block is separated by a colon, allowing for approximately 340 undecillion (340 trillion trillion) unique addresses.
Simplification rules include removing leading zeros and replacing consecutive blocks of zeros with a double colon (only once per address).

Components of IPv6 Address

An IPv6 address has two main parts: the prefix (left) and the interface ID (right).
The prefix functions like a network ID in IPv4, while the interface ID is comparable to host ID.
The first 48 bits define the site prefix assigned by the ISP, followed by a 16-bit subnet ID indicating the connected network.
The last 64 bits create the interface ID, which can be derived from a MAC address through a method known as modified EUI-64.

Types of IPv6 Addresses

Unicast addresses identify a single device and are the most commonly assigned type.

Link-Local Address

Uses the FE80::/10 prefix for sending and receiving packets within a local network without routers.
Mandatory for all IPv6 hosts, allowing multiple addresses per interface for automatic configuration and neighbor discovery.

Global Unicast Address

Corresponding to IPv4 public addresses, these use the 2000::/3 prefix to facilitate data packet transmission over the internet.

Unique Local Address

Functioning similarly to IPv4 private IPs, these utilize the FC00::/7 prefix, with the following 40 bits forming a randomly generated Global ID.
Not routable on the internet, they are restricted to internal networks.

Multicast Addresses

Packets sent to multicast addresses are forwarded to a group of interfaces, designated by an FF00::/8 prefix.
Local restricted multicast addresses (FF02::/16) do not forward to other networks, akin to IPv4 broadcast addresses; however, IPv6 lacks broadcast addresses.

Anycast Addresses

Anycast addresses function as unicast addresses assigned to multiple devices, routing packets to the nearest interface.
An example use is with root DNS servers worldwide, where requests are directed to the closest server.

Loopback Address

The IPv6 loopback address is represented as all zeros with a final one (e.g., ::1), used primarily for testing inter-service communications on the same host.

Summary Points

IPv6 features a complex addressing format allowing immense address capacity and includes various address types to suit different networking needs.
Understanding the structure and capabilities of IPv6 is essential as the shift from IPv4 becomes increasingly prevalent due to address shortages.

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Description

This quiz explores the fundamentals of IP version 6 (IPv6) and its significance in the context of expanding internet connectivity. It covers the limitations of IPv4, the need for unique IP addresses, and how IPv6 addresses these challenges. Test your knowledge on the evolution and necessity of these IP addressing protocols.