IP Addressing Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does RFC1918 define?

It defines the 3 ranges of private IPv4 addresses: Class A 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 /8, Class B 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 /16, Class C 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 /32.

What device will create multiple collision domains and 1 broadcast domain?

Network interface card

Router

Switch (correct)

Hub

Hubs are no longer used because they create one collision domain, regardless of how many hosts are connected to it.

True

What does BGP stand for?

Border Gateway Protocol Signup and view all the answers

What are the two segments of an IPv4 address?

Network ID and Host ID Signup and view all the answers

What does OSPF stand for?

Open Shortest Path First Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a checksum in IPv4?

Error detection in the header to ensure data integrity. Signup and view all the answers

What does TCP/IP stand for?

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Signup and view all the answers

In North America, what agency assigns IP addresses to ISPs?

ARIN Signup and view all the answers

Select 3 IPv4 classes typically used in cable networks:

Class A Signup and view all the answers

Class A networks are for what type of networks?

Networks that require many hosts. Signup and view all the answers

Class B networks typically have?

Fewer possible hosts than Class A. Signup and view all the answers

Class C networks have:

The fewest number of hosts possible, highest number of networks possible. Signup and view all the answers

An IP address of all 0s is the network ID, and an IP address of all 1s is the directed broadcast.

True Signup and view all the answers

In what format are Class A addresses structured?

N.H.H.H Signup and view all the answers

What is the subnet mask for a Class B network?

255.255.0.0 Signup and view all the answers

Private IP Ranges include which class for Class A?

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

What does APIPA stand for?

Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing Signup and view all the answers

What is a loopback IP address?

An IP address used to test software networking components of a device. Signup and view all the answers

What does FQDN stand for?

Fully Qualified Domain Name Signup and view all the answers

The DNS service identifies who owns the domain.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the IPv4 header part that lets routers know how many hops a packet can travel?

Time to Live Signup and view all the answers

Which function is being used by a DHCPv6 server that assigns non-temporary and temporary addresses to clients?

Stateful DHCPv6 Signup and view all the answers

If the neighbor discovery fails to find an IPv6 host, an ARP request will be used.

False Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

IP Addressing Overview

RFC1918 specifies private IPv4 address ranges: Class A (10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255), Class B (172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255), and Class C (192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255).
A switch creates multiple collision domains and a single broadcast domain, unlike a hub which creates just one collision domain.

Devices and Protocols

Hubs are obsolete due to their single collision domain characteristic.
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) exchanges routing information among autonomous systems on the Internet.
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a common routing protocol for IP networks.

IP Address Structure

An IPv4 address consists of a Network ID (identifying the network) and a Host ID (identifying a specific device on that network).
Class A networks can support a large number of hosts, Class B supports fewer, and Class C supports the fewest hosts but the most networks.

Subnet Masks

Class A subnet mask: 255.0.0.0 (/8).
Class B subnet mask: 255.255.0.0 (/16).
Class C subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 (/24).
A longer subnet mask indicates fewer hosts available for the network.

Special Addresses

Directed broadcast and broadcast addresses (e.g., 255.255.255.255) are used for messages to all hosts in a network.
IPv4 checksum detects errors; IPv6 removed this feature to enhance efficiency.
APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing) assigns addresses in the 169.254.x.x range when DHCP fails.

Networking Concepts

Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) consists of four hierarchical parts: top-level domain (TLD), domain, hostname, and a full stop.
Multicast addresses (e.g., 224.1.1.255) are used for delivery to multiple interfaces in a network.

IPv6 Addressing

IPv6 uses hexadecimal notation with each address divided into eight groups of four hexadecimal digits.
Global Routing Prefix, Operator Subnet, Customer Subnet, and Interface ID are essential components of IPv6 addressing.
Unique Local Addresses (ULA) start with FC00::/7, and Global Unicast Addresses are represented by 2000::/3.

Packet Structure and Functions

An IP packet consists of three parts: header (routing information), payload (data), and trailer (ends the packet).
The Time to Live (TTL) in an IPv4 header indicates the maximum number of hops a packet can make.

DHCP in IPv6

Stateful DHCPv6 assigns non-temporary and temporary addresses to clients, while Stateless DHCPv6 does not assign addresses but provides configuration parameters.
Dual stack technique allows a device to connect using both IPv4 and IPv6.

Error Detection and Messages

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) provides error messages and diagnostic functions on TCP/IP networks.
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) is utilized for detecting changes to data in digital networks.

Additional Concepts

Loopback addresses, such as 127.0.0.1 for IPv4 and ::1 for IPv6, are used for testing the local device.
Address allocation for ISPs and customers varies, with IANA serving as the root authority for IPv6 address distribution, assigning blocks to RIRs.

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Description

Test your knowledge on IP addressing concepts with these flashcards. Learn about private IPv4 addresses defined by RFC1918 and the difference between networking devices. Perfect for anyone studying networking fundamentals or preparing for certification.