IoT Waves and Ecosystem
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Questions and Answers

What do Information Providers do in the IoT ecosystem?

  • Collect and share information and data from sensor deployments (correct)
  • Develop IoT applications
  • Deploy communication technologies
  • Manufacture IoT devices

    • What is the main role of a Centralized IoT Platform?

  • Connect to edge devices
  • Collect sensor data
  • Develop applications
  • Provide storage and computing infrastructure (correct)

    • What does an Actuator do in IoT?

    Converts an electrical signal into a physical quantity (movement, force, sound)

    _______ processing involves data aggregation, manipulation, and logic directly on an IoT sensor or device.

    <p>Edge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the IoT connectivity technology with its description:

    <p>Zigbee = Mesh, suitable for short and mid-range LoRaWAN = Based on LoRa protocol, uses spread spectrum LPWAN = Lower than 1 GHz, uses Sigfox, LoRaWAN, and Weightless NB-IoT = Designed to lower power consumption and increase system capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does OECD stand for?

    <p>Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does NICE focus on?

    <p>Supporting cybersecurity education and workforce challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Cybersecurity Act in the EU?

    <p>Central to IoT security and creating a single certification scheme for connected devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ISO27005 is a widely agreed general framework for security risk management.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    BSI Kitemark is used as recognizable symbols to indicate levels of trust, compliance, security, etc. It can be combined with color coding, letters, and numbers to show ______.

    <p>levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) = Decentralized database managed by multiple participants across multiple nodes. Permissionless DLTs = Any actor can become a node. Federated DLT = Permissioned DLT shared across more than one organization. vMCM = Offers digital twin services of on-field physical assets for monitoring and governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Cybersecurity Act in the European Union?

    <p>To strengthen consumer trust in connected devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ISO27005 provide a general framework for?

    <p>Security risk management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is managed by a single participant.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NoSQL provides a mechanism for storage and retrieval of data that is modeled in means other than the ______ relations.

    <p>tabular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wave of IoT development is focused on data management, processing, analytics, security, privacy, and trust?

    <p>Third Wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Node-RED is a flow-based development tool meant for IoT.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ is a device that converts an electrical signal into a corresponding physical quantity such as movement, force, or sound.

    <p>Actuator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the IoT connectivity technology with its description:

    <p>Zigbee = Mesh, suitable for short and mid-range LPWAN = Low Power Wireless Area Network, operates at frequencies lower than 1 GHz LoRaWAN = Based on LoRa protocol from Semtech, uses spread spectrum NB-IoT = Narrow Band Internet of Things, designed for low power consumption and increased system capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation eMBB stand for in the context of 5G technology?

    <p>Enhanced Mobile Broadband</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Application Developers in the IoT ecosystem?

    <p>Produce applications that process the available data within a specific context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Edge processing involves data aggregation, manipulation, and logic directly on an IoT sensor or device.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main aim of the data access platform in the IoT ecosystem?

    <p>reduce technical barriers faced by providers and consumers of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ architecture is a type of stream processing where all data is processed exclusively as streams.

    <p>Kappa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the IoT organization with its description:

    <p>Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC) = Promotes open standards and interoperability for technologies used in industrial and machine-to-machine environments Internet of Things Security Foundation (IoTSF) = Addresses cybersecurity challenges in the expansive hyper-connected IoT world National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE) = U.S. government organization that shares solutions to cybersecurity problems faced by U.S. businesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does OECD stand for?

    <p>Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of NICE?

    <p>Supporting cybersecurity education and workforce challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Cybersecurity Act is related to IoT security.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ISO27005 is an international standard document of a widely agreed general framework for security risk __________.

    <p>management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>BSI Kitemark = Recognizable symbols and indicators used for trust and compliance California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) = State statute for enhancing privacy rights in California Security Operations Center (SOC) = Centralized function for continuous security monitoring NoSQL = Mechanism for storage and retrieval of non-tabular data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    IoT Waves

    • First Wave: Hardware related breakthrough aiming to connect everyday objects to networks
    • Second Wave: Development of new sensors, materials, communication technologies, and protocols
    • Third Wave: Focus on data management, processing, analytics, security, privacy, and trust

    IoT Ecosystem

    • Set of stakeholders participating in IoT technology deployment and their relationships
    • Stakeholders:
      • Information Providers: Owners of sensor deployments sharing information and data
      • Platform Providers: Offering storage, computing infrastructure, analytics services, and AI
      • Application Developers: Producing applications processing available data
      • End Users: Using information and applications made available by other stakeholders
      • Actuator: Device converting electrical signal to physical quantity (movement, force, sound)

    IoT Concepts

    • Edge Processing: Data aggregation, manipulation, bandwidth reduction, and logic on IoT sensors or devices
    • Access Network: Part of network concerned with moving data to and from sensors or edge
    • Customer Edge Device: Receives data from and sends commands to IoT devices, providing limited local storage, processing, and networking functions
    • Mobile Edge Computer: Reduces transmission cost and provides fast interactive response in computation and off-loading resources
    • Centralized IoT Platform: Powerful central storage and processing capability for IoT use cases, delivering data interoperability and uniform data access

    IoT Connectivity

    • Zigbee: Suitable for short and mid-range connections, can mesh
    • LPWAN (Low Power Wireless Area Network): Lower than 1 GHz, uses ISM band, suitable for small amounts of data
    • UNB (Ultra-narrow Band): Transmits signal in a small amount of spectrum, suitable for small amounts of data
    • Spread Spectrum: Technique decreasing interference and increasing security by transmitting signal on a bandwidth larger than the original frequency
    • LoRaWAN: Uses spread spectrum, based on LoRa protocol
    • Sigfox: Named for company that owns it, used in narrowband
    • Weightless: Consists of three protocols, works on 2.4 GHz
    • Extended Coverage: IoT-optimized GSM network deployed with software upgrade
    • Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT): Designed to lower power consumption, increase system capacity, spectrum efficiency, and range
    • LTE-M: LTE chips built for IoT, higher throughput and lower battery life than NB-IoT

    5G Enablers

    • eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband): Higher data rates
    • URLLC (Ultra-reliable Low-latency Communication): Supports critical use cases with high quality of service and low latency
    • mMTC (Massive Machine Type Communications): Supports large number of devices in the future

    IoT Runtime Environment

    • IRE (IoT Runtime Environment): Provides additional functionality beyond container management, enabling remote management of information flows between multiple IoT applications and external endpoints

    Device Management

    • Encompasses initial device configuration and ongoing management

    Secure Runtime Environment

    • Comprehensive collection of tools reducing attack space through measures such as IAM, secure boot, device attestation, TPMs, and TEEs

    IoT Development

    • NodeJS: JavaScript for servers
    • Node-RED: Flow-based development tool for IoT, built on NodeJS
    • Protocol Adapter: Enables transformation of incoming sensor data or outgoing actuator commands to a common format
    • Information Broker: On-board storage module allowing storage of recently received data from sensors or the cloud
    • Rules Engine: Module routing incoming data from other modules based on predefined rules
    • Use-case Specific: Module produced by a developer to perform a specialist function

    IoT Data

    • Sensor Data: Initial value required for metadata to be gathered
    • Metadata: Set of data describing and providing information about other data
    • Dataset: Key-value pair of data relational to the initial query of data from a sensor

    IoT Processing

    • Batch Processing: Accumulates new data into disjunctive groups and processes them later
    • Stream Processing: Handles each new piece of data as it is created, individually or within a rolling window

    IoT Analytics

    • Compression: Reduces occupied space for storing and/or required bandwidth for transmitting
    • Dimensionality Reduction: Reduces the number of random variables under consideration
    • Summarization: Transforms data to provide a representation that best describes the time series under consideration
    • Learning and Mining: Automates model building from recorded data and extracts insights from large datasets
    • Visualization: Transforms data into a visual representation for human consumers

    IoT Organizations

    • Standards Development Organizations (SDOs): Formulate health and safety standards
    • Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC): Promotes open standards and interoperability for industrial and machine-to-machine environments
    • Alliance for Internet of Things Innovation: Enhances innovation and economic development in the IoT
    • The PETRAS Internet of Things Research Hub: Explores critical issues in privacy, ethics, trust, reliability, acceptability, and security of the IoT

    IoT Waves

    • First Wave: Hardware related breakthrough aiming to connect everyday objects to networks
    • Second Wave: Development of new sensors, materials, communication technologies, and protocols
    • Third Wave: Focus on data management, processing, analytics, security, privacy, and trust

    IoT Ecosystem

    • Set of stakeholders participating in IoT technology deployment and their relationships
    • Stakeholders:
      • Information Providers: Owners of sensor deployments sharing information and data
      • Platform Providers: Offering storage, computing infrastructure, analytics services, and AI
      • Application Developers: Producing applications processing available data
      • End Users: Using information and applications made available by other stakeholders
      • Actuator: Device converting electrical signal to physical quantity (movement, force, sound)

    IoT Concepts

    • Edge Processing: Data aggregation, manipulation, bandwidth reduction, and logic on IoT sensors or devices
    • Access Network: Part of network concerned with moving data to and from sensors or edge
    • Customer Edge Device: Receives data from and sends commands to IoT devices, providing limited local storage, processing, and networking functions
    • Mobile Edge Computer: Reduces transmission cost and provides fast interactive response in computation and off-loading resources
    • Centralized IoT Platform: Powerful central storage and processing capability for IoT use cases, delivering data interoperability and uniform data access

    IoT Connectivity

    • Zigbee: Suitable for short and mid-range connections, can mesh
    • LPWAN (Low Power Wireless Area Network): Lower than 1 GHz, uses ISM band, suitable for small amounts of data
    • UNB (Ultra-narrow Band): Transmits signal in a small amount of spectrum, suitable for small amounts of data
    • Spread Spectrum: Technique decreasing interference and increasing security by transmitting signal on a bandwidth larger than the original frequency
    • LoRaWAN: Uses spread spectrum, based on LoRa protocol
    • Sigfox: Named for company that owns it, used in narrowband
    • Weightless: Consists of three protocols, works on 2.4 GHz
    • Extended Coverage: IoT-optimized GSM network deployed with software upgrade
    • Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT): Designed to lower power consumption, increase system capacity, spectrum efficiency, and range
    • LTE-M: LTE chips built for IoT, higher throughput and lower battery life than NB-IoT

    5G Enablers

    • eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband): Higher data rates
    • URLLC (Ultra-reliable Low-latency Communication): Supports critical use cases with high quality of service and low latency
    • mMTC (Massive Machine Type Communications): Supports large number of devices in the future

    IoT Runtime Environment

    • IRE (IoT Runtime Environment): Provides additional functionality beyond container management, enabling remote management of information flows between multiple IoT applications and external endpoints

    Device Management

    • Encompasses initial device configuration and ongoing management

    Secure Runtime Environment

    • Comprehensive collection of tools reducing attack space through measures such as IAM, secure boot, device attestation, TPMs, and TEEs

    IoT Development

    • NodeJS: JavaScript for servers
    • Node-RED: Flow-based development tool for IoT, built on NodeJS
    • Protocol Adapter: Enables transformation of incoming sensor data or outgoing actuator commands to a common format
    • Information Broker: On-board storage module allowing storage of recently received data from sensors or the cloud
    • Rules Engine: Module routing incoming data from other modules based on predefined rules
    • Use-case Specific: Module produced by a developer to perform a specialist function

    IoT Data

    • Sensor Data: Initial value required for metadata to be gathered
    • Metadata: Set of data describing and providing information about other data
    • Dataset: Key-value pair of data relational to the initial query of data from a sensor

    IoT Processing

    • Batch Processing: Accumulates new data into disjunctive groups and processes them later
    • Stream Processing: Handles each new piece of data as it is created, individually or within a rolling window

    IoT Analytics

    • Compression: Reduces occupied space for storing and/or required bandwidth for transmitting
    • Dimensionality Reduction: Reduces the number of random variables under consideration
    • Summarization: Transforms data to provide a representation that best describes the time series under consideration
    • Learning and Mining: Automates model building from recorded data and extracts insights from large datasets
    • Visualization: Transforms data into a visual representation for human consumers

    IoT Organizations

    • Standards Development Organizations (SDOs): Formulate health and safety standards
    • Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC): Promotes open standards and interoperability for industrial and machine-to-machine environments
    • Alliance for Internet of Things Innovation: Enhances innovation and economic development in the IoT
    • The PETRAS Internet of Things Research Hub: Explores critical issues in privacy, ethics, trust, reliability, acceptability, and security of the IoT

    IoT Waves

    • First Wave: Hardware related breakthrough aiming to connect everyday objects to networks
    • Second Wave: Development of new sensors, materials, communication technologies, and protocols
    • Third Wave: Focus on data management, processing, analytics, security, privacy, and trust

    IoT Ecosystem

    • Set of stakeholders participating in IoT technology deployment and their relationships
    • Stakeholders:
      • Information Providers: Owners of sensor deployments sharing information and data
      • Platform Providers: Offering storage, computing infrastructure, analytics services, and AI
      • Application Developers: Producing applications processing available data
      • End Users: Using information and applications made available by other stakeholders
      • Actuator: Device converting electrical signal to physical quantity (movement, force, sound)

    IoT Concepts

    • Edge Processing: Data aggregation, manipulation, bandwidth reduction, and logic on IoT sensors or devices
    • Access Network: Part of network concerned with moving data to and from sensors or edge
    • Customer Edge Device: Receives data from and sends commands to IoT devices, providing limited local storage, processing, and networking functions
    • Mobile Edge Computer: Reduces transmission cost and provides fast interactive response in computation and off-loading resources
    • Centralized IoT Platform: Powerful central storage and processing capability for IoT use cases, delivering data interoperability and uniform data access

    IoT Connectivity

    • Zigbee: Suitable for short and mid-range connections, can mesh
    • LPWAN (Low Power Wireless Area Network): Lower than 1 GHz, uses ISM band, suitable for small amounts of data
    • UNB (Ultra-narrow Band): Transmits signal in a small amount of spectrum, suitable for small amounts of data
    • Spread Spectrum: Technique decreasing interference and increasing security by transmitting signal on a bandwidth larger than the original frequency
    • LoRaWAN: Uses spread spectrum, based on LoRa protocol
    • Sigfox: Named for company that owns it, used in narrowband
    • Weightless: Consists of three protocols, works on 2.4 GHz
    • Extended Coverage: IoT-optimized GSM network deployed with software upgrade
    • Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT): Designed to lower power consumption, increase system capacity, spectrum efficiency, and range
    • LTE-M: LTE chips built for IoT, higher throughput and lower battery life than NB-IoT

    5G Enablers

    • eMBB (Enhanced Mobile Broadband): Higher data rates
    • URLLC (Ultra-reliable Low-latency Communication): Supports critical use cases with high quality of service and low latency
    • mMTC (Massive Machine Type Communications): Supports large number of devices in the future

    IoT Runtime Environment

    • IRE (IoT Runtime Environment): Provides additional functionality beyond container management, enabling remote management of information flows between multiple IoT applications and external endpoints

    Device Management

    • Encompasses initial device configuration and ongoing management

    Secure Runtime Environment

    • Comprehensive collection of tools reducing attack space through measures such as IAM, secure boot, device attestation, TPMs, and TEEs

    IoT Development

    • NodeJS: JavaScript for servers
    • Node-RED: Flow-based development tool for IoT, built on NodeJS
    • Protocol Adapter: Enables transformation of incoming sensor data or outgoing actuator commands to a common format
    • Information Broker: On-board storage module allowing storage of recently received data from sensors or the cloud
    • Rules Engine: Module routing incoming data from other modules based on predefined rules
    • Use-case Specific: Module produced by a developer to perform a specialist function

    IoT Data

    • Sensor Data: Initial value required for metadata to be gathered
    • Metadata: Set of data describing and providing information about other data
    • Dataset: Key-value pair of data relational to the initial query of data from a sensor

    IoT Processing

    • Batch Processing: Accumulates new data into disjunctive groups and processes them later
    • Stream Processing: Handles each new piece of data as it is created, individually or within a rolling window

    IoT Analytics

    • Compression: Reduces occupied space for storing and/or required bandwidth for transmitting
    • Dimensionality Reduction: Reduces the number of random variables under consideration
    • Summarization: Transforms data to provide a representation that best describes the time series under consideration
    • Learning and Mining: Automates model building from recorded data and extracts insights from large datasets
    • Visualization: Transforms data into a visual representation for human consumers

    IoT Organizations

    • Standards Development Organizations (SDOs): Formulate health and safety standards
    • Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC): Promotes open standards and interoperability for industrial and machine-to-machine environments
    • Alliance for Internet of Things Innovation: Enhances innovation and economic development in the IoT
    • The PETRAS Internet of Things Research Hub: Explores critical issues in privacy, ethics, trust, reliability, acceptability, and security of the IoT

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    IoT Notes Revised.docx

    Description

    This quiz covers the three waves of IoT development, including hardware, sensors, data management, and security, as well as the stakeholders involved in IoT ecosystems.

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